SOMATIC CHROMOSOMES OF HIGHER DIPTERA: I. DIFFERENTIATION OF TACHINID PARASITES

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Boyes ◽  
A. Wilkes
Keyword(s):  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Somatic Chromosome ◽  
Careful Measurement ◽  
Total Complement ◽  
Distinguishing Features ◽  
In Cells

A method of analysis of somatic chromosome complements in cells of the brains of larvae and pupae is presented. Tachinid species have regularly 12 chromosomes in their somatic complements. These consist of five metacentric pairs and a pair of sex chromosomes which are acrocentric in most species. Careful measurement, on drawings, of each arm of each chromosome provides a basis for calculating the percentage that each pair constitutes of the total complement length and for determining the ratio of the long to the short arm for each pair. Results of analysis and other distinguishing features of the chromosome complements are presented for Aplomya caesar, A. mitis, Ceracia dentata, Ceromasia auricaudata, Drino bohemica, Eumea westermanni, Lydella grisescens, Madremyia saundersii, Mericia ampelus, Nemorilla pyste, Neophorocera hamata, Omotoma fumiferanae, Phryxe pecosensis, Spathimeigenia sp., Winthemia datanae, and W. occidentis. Most of these species can be distinguished by differences in the morphology of their chromosomes.

CYTOTAXONOMY OF BOMBYLIIDAE (DIPTERA)

1973 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Boyes ◽  
G. E. Shewell
Keyword(s):  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Total Complement ◽  
Variable Group

The karyotypes of 34 species of Bombyliidae are described, some in greater detail than others. It is suggested that two subfamilies, the Bombyliinae (for Homoeophthalmae) and Anthracinae (for Tomophthalmae) be recognized. In the Bombyliinae, one species has 2n = 8, one 2n = 10, three 2n = 12 and one 2n = 14. In the Anthracinae, two species have 2n = 10, four 2n = 12, six 2n = 14, three 2n = 16 and thirteen 2n = 18. Seventeen complements of Bombyliinae averaged 41.4 μ in total complement length (TCL) and thirtyeight of Anthracinae averaged 46.6 μ; so the 55 complements of the Bombyliidae averaged 44.9 μ in TCL, the complements with lower chromosome numbers averaging less than those with higher numbers. Thus Bombyliinae species have lower chromosome numbers and shorter complements than Anthracinae species which tend to have longer metacentric sex chromosomes. Thus both morphologically and karyotypically the Bombyliinae appear to be more advanced whereas the Anthracinae are a more primitive but highly variable group of species.

scholarly journals Recurrent acute splenic sequestration crisis due to interacting genetic defects: hemoglobin SC disease and hereditary spherocytosis

Blood ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 266-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
TE Warkentin ◽  
RD Barr ◽  
MA Ali ◽  
N Mohandas
Keyword(s):  
Hereditary Spherocytosis ◽  
Genetic Defects ◽  
Mechanical Instability ◽  
Splenic Sequestration ◽  
Alpha Thalassemia ◽  
Unusual Occurrence ◽  
Distinguishing Features ◽  
Hemoglobin Sc Disease ◽  
Reduced Surface ◽  
In Cells

Abstract A 14-year-old boy with hemoglobin SC disease and alpha-thalassemia-2 experienced five episodes of acute splenic sequestration crisis (ASSC), while two of his siblings with identical globin genotypes (SC and - alpha/alpha alpha) had no such experience. To determine if an additional red blood cell (RBC) defect was responsible for the unusual occurrence of frequent ASSCs, we performed detailed rheologic characterization and membrane protein analysis on RBCs from the proband and other members of his family. Reduced surface area, increased mechanical instability, and decreased spectrin content of the membrane, distinguishing features of RBCs in hereditary spherocytosis, were observed in cells from the proband and his mother, but not in cells from other family members. These findings are consistent with the dominant inheritance of spherocytosis by the proband. We suggest that the combined effects of SC disease and spherocytosis in the proband resulted in decreased RBC deformability and led to increased splenic trapping, intrasplenic sickling, and consequently, recurrent sequestration crisis. Marked clinical and hematologic improvement occurred from splenectomy. Thus, inheritance of interacting genetic defects, sickling hemoglobinopathy, and hereditary spherocytosis appear to be responsible for the unusual clinical manifestation of recurrent ASSC in this patient.

Cytotaxonomy of Simulium (Montisimulium) ghoomense (Diptera: Simuliidae) from the Darjeeling Hills, India

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2872 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
WILLIE HENRY ◽  
SACHIN THAPA ◽  
PETER H. ADLER ◽  
SUBRATA KUMAR DEY ◽  
RAKESH VARMA
Keyword(s):  
Sibling Species ◽  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Haploid Number ◽  
Total Complement ◽  
Chromosomal Map

The polytene chromosomes are mapped for a scarce Himalayan simuliid, Simulium (Montisimulium) ghoomense Datta, from the Darjeeling area of India. This species has three tightly paired polytene chromosomes with a haploid number of 3. Chromosomes I, II, and III account for 39.6%, 30.3%, and 30.1% of the total complement length, respectively. The centromeres of chromosomes II and III consistently form a putative partial chromocenter. Sex chromosomes are undifferentiated and polymorphisms and sibling species are lacking in a sample of 35 larvae. This is the first chromosomal map for a species in the subgenus Montisimulium in India.

SOMATIC CHROMOSOMES OF HIGHER DIPTERA: VI. ALLOSOME–AUTOSOME LENGTH RELATIONS IN MUSCA DOMESTICA L.

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 777-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Boyes ◽  
A. F. Naylor
Keyword(s):  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Mitotic Chromosome ◽  
X Chromosomes ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Length Relationship ◽  
Total Complement ◽  
Varying Length ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
In Cells

The length of the two heterochromatic X-chromosomes of pair I in Musca domestica L. is compared with the total length of the five autosomal pairs in 50 mitotic chromosome complements of varying length in cells without colchicine or other pretreatment before fixation. Pair I is the longest pair in short complements and shifts gradually to become one of the shortest in long complements. The heterochromatic Y-chromosome is regularly the smallest chromosome but closely resembles the X in respect to this shifting length relationship. Arm ratios did not change with complement length. The great importance of providing actual total complement lengths with idiograms is emphasized.

SOMATIC METAPHASE CHROMOSOMES IN GEOGRAPHIC ISOLATES OF THE CARROT RUST FLY, CHAMAEPSILA ROSAE (F.) (DIPTERA: PSILIDAE)

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
Somatic Metaphase ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Total Complement ◽  
Secondary Constrictions

A comparative study of somatic metaphase complements of the carrot rust fly, Chamaepsila rosae (F.), from England, Prince Edward Island, Ontario, and British Columbia showed that the chromosome number is eight and that all chromosomes are metacentric. The means of the total complement length ranged from 50.8 to 53.5 and the lengths for chromosomal pairs I–IV averaged 36.5, 24.8, 22.3, and 16.5% of the total length respectively for the four regions. The sex chromosomes are the largest elements in the complement, the X chromosome being 36.5% of the total length and the Y 28.8%. The arm ratios for members X, Y, II, III, and IV are 1.34, 1.13, 1.57, 1.21, and 1.34 respectively. Secondary constrictions were both infrequent and irregular in location. The work emphasizes that much caution is necessary in analyzing metaphase chromosomes for taxonomic purposes.

CHROMOSOMAL STUDIES IN SOME VARIANTS OF MALE PSEUDOHERMAPHRODITISM

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 758-763
Author(s):  
D. S. Alexander ◽  
M. A. Ferguson-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Somatic Chromosome ◽  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
Male Pseudohermaphroditism ◽  
Somatic Chromosome Number ◽  
Sex Chromatin ◽  
In Cells

Nine chromatin-negative patients with varying degrees of ambiguity of sex differentiation were found to have a somatic chromosome number of 46 and an XY sex chromatin constitution in cells from bonemarrow culture. The findings are discussed in relation to Jost's theory of sex differentiation.

scholarly journals CYTOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF A SEGMENT OF THE Y CHROMOSOME OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-610
Author(s):  
Robert W Hardy ◽  
Dan L Lindsley ◽  
Kenneth J Livak ◽  
Barbara Lewis ◽  
Annegrethe L Siversten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
Chromosome Nondisjunction ◽  
In Cells

ABSTRACT Males carrying a large deficiency in the long arm of the Y chromosome known to delete the fertility gene kl-2 are sterile and exhibit a complex phenotype: (1) First metaphase chromosomes are irregular in outline and appear sticky; (2) spermatids contain micronuclei; (3) the nebenkerns of the spermatids are nonuniform in size; (4) a high molecular weight protein ordinarily present in sperm is absent; and (5) crystals appear in the nucleus and cytoplasm of spermatocytes and spermatids. In such males that carry Ste  + on their X chromosome the crystals appear long and needle shaped; in Ste males the needles are much shorter and assemble into star-shaped aggregates. The large deficiency may be subdivided into two shorter component deficiencies. The more distal is male sterile and lacks the high molecular weight polypeptide; the more proximal is responsible for the remainder of the phenotype. Ste males carrying the more proximal component deficiency are sterile, but Ste  + males are fertile. Genetic studies of chromosome segregation in such males reveal that (1) both the sex chromosomes and the large autosomes undergo nondisjunction, (2) the fourth chromosomes disjoin regularly, (3) sex chromosome nondisjunction is more frequent in cells in which the second or third chromosomes nondisjoin than in cells in which autosomal disjunction is regular, (4) in doubly exceptional cells, the sex chromosomes tend to segregate to the opposite pole from the autosomes and (5) there is meiotic drive; i.e., reciprocal meiotic products are not recovered with equal frequencies, complements with fewer chromosomes being recovered more frequently than those with more chromosomes. The proximal component deficiency can itself be further subdivided into two smaller component deficiencies, both of which have nearly normal spermatogenic phenotypes as observed in the light microscope. Meiosis in Ste  + males carrying either of these small Y deficiencies is normal; Ste males, however, exhibit low levels of sex chromosome nondisjunction with either deficient Y. The meiotic phenotype is apparently sensitive to the amount of Y chromosome missing and to the Ste constitution of the X chromosome.

THE KARYOTYPE OF THE LONG TAILED WEASEL MUSTELA FRENATA NOVEBORACEISSIS EMMONS

1968 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 390-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parvathi K. Basrur
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Total Complement

The somatic chromosomes of the long tailed weasel, Mustela frenata from Southern Ontario were studied using tissue culture methods. The autosomes include 11 pairs of biarmed elements ranging from 2.0 to 8.15 in per cent total complement length and 9 pairs of single armed elements ranging from 3.2 to 5.00. Five of the biarmed chromosomes are metacentrics (M) ranging in arm ratio from 1.2 to 1.35 and the remaining six are submetacentrics (S) varying in arm ratio from 1.7 to 3.5. The sex chromosomes are biarmed, the X being the second smallest of the S series, whereas the Y is the smallest.

scholarly journals Recurrent acute splenic sequestration crisis due to interacting genetic defects: hemoglobin SC disease and hereditary spherocytosis

Blood ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 266-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
TE Warkentin ◽  
RD Barr ◽  
MA Ali ◽  
N Mohandas
Keyword(s):  
Hereditary Spherocytosis ◽  
Genetic Defects ◽  
Mechanical Instability ◽  
Splenic Sequestration ◽  
Alpha Thalassemia ◽  
Unusual Occurrence ◽  
Distinguishing Features ◽  
Hemoglobin Sc Disease ◽  
Reduced Surface ◽  
In Cells

A 14-year-old boy with hemoglobin SC disease and alpha-thalassemia-2 experienced five episodes of acute splenic sequestration crisis (ASSC), while two of his siblings with identical globin genotypes (SC and - alpha/alpha alpha) had no such experience. To determine if an additional red blood cell (RBC) defect was responsible for the unusual occurrence of frequent ASSCs, we performed detailed rheologic characterization and membrane protein analysis on RBCs from the proband and other members of his family. Reduced surface area, increased mechanical instability, and decreased spectrin content of the membrane, distinguishing features of RBCs in hereditary spherocytosis, were observed in cells from the proband and his mother, but not in cells from other family members. These findings are consistent with the dominant inheritance of spherocytosis by the proband. We suggest that the combined effects of SC disease and spherocytosis in the proband resulted in decreased RBC deformability and led to increased splenic trapping, intrasplenic sickling, and consequently, recurrent sequestration crisis. Marked clinical and hematologic improvement occurred from splenectomy. Thus, inheritance of interacting genetic defects, sickling hemoglobinopathy, and hereditary spherocytosis appear to be responsible for the unusual clinical manifestation of recurrent ASSC in this patient.

XX Sex Chromosomes in Cells Cultured from “Streak Gonads” and in Peripheral Leukocytes

1967 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1588-1592 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT J. SCHLEGEL ◽  
RICHARD L. NEU ◽  
JOSÉ CARNEIRO LEÃO ◽  
LYTT I. GARDNER
Keyword(s):  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Peripheral Leukocytes ◽  
Cells Cultured ◽  
In Cells
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