Assessment of the status and viability of a population of moose (Alces alces) at its southern range limit in Ontario

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 422-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis L. Murray ◽  
Karen F. Hussey ◽  
Laura A. Finnegan ◽  
Stacey J. Lowe ◽  
Glynis N. Price ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Alces Alces ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Range Limit ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Status

Factors affecting the distribution and abundance of animals are of substantial interest, and across most of their southern range, populations of moose ( Alces alces (L., 1758)) are declining, presumably because of climate change. Conditions favouring moose population decline versus numerical increase in select areas of the range are not well understood. During 2006–2009, we tested the hypothesis that moose in southern Ontario formed a viable population near the species’ southern range limit, despite occurrence of climate patterns apparently deleterious for population growth. Our study upheld each of our predictions: (i) high pregnancy rate (83.0%) and annual female survival rate (0.899 (0.859, 0.941; 95% CI)), indicating that the population was increasing (λ = 1.16); (ii) female moose having blood-based condition indices within normal range, despite larger than expected home-range size; and (iii) levels of genetic differentiation indicating that the population was part of a larger metapopulation of moose in the region. We surmise that moose in southern Ontario currently are not subject to the prevalent continental decline, likely owing to favourable site-specific climatic conditions. Future research should elaborate on why select southern moose populations are increasing and whether they will ultimately succumb to die off as effects of climate change become increasingly pronounced.

scholarly journals Climate Change and Conflict

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 343-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vally Koubi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
General Effect ◽  
Substantial Agreement ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
The Past ◽  
Level Of Economic Development

The link between climate change and conflict has been discussed intensively in academic literature during the past decade. This review aims to provide a clearer picture of what the research community currently has to say with regard to this nexus. It finds that the literature has not detected a robust and general effect linking climate to conflict onset. Substantial agreement exists that climatic changes contribute to conflict under some conditions and through certain pathways. In particular, the literature shows that climatic conditions breed conflict in fertile grounds: in regions dependent on agriculture and in combination and interaction with other socioeconomic and political factors such as a low level of economic development and political marginalization. Future research should continue to investigate how climatic changes interact with and/or are conditioned by socioeconomic, political, and demographic settings to cause conflict and uncover the causal mechanisms that link these two phenomena.

scholarly journals Prospects of Promoting NTFPs for Livelihood Improvement

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 46-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biraj Pyakurel
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Asparagus Racemosus ◽  
Dendrocalamus Strictus ◽  
Livelihood Improvement ◽  
The Status

This research entitled, “Prospects of Promoting NTFPs for Livelihood Improvement” was carried out in Habeli Community Forest of Nuwakot district with the specific objectives of assessing the status of NTFPs in the study area, studying the local people’s knowledge about NTFPs, their attitude towards collection and domestication, assessing the role of NTFPs to household economy and existing market system of NTFPs. Altogether 30 households were sampled to carry out the research and the information regarding biophysical and socio economic condition, perception towards NTFPs and their domestication were collected through various PRA and RRA tools like Household Survey, Group Discussion, and Key Informant Survey (KIS). People were generally familiar with the NTFPs and their importance and were slowly heading towards NTFPs domestication although on a small scale. The respondents have been utilizing their agricultural land to grow NTFPs like Asparagus racemosus, Emblica officinalis and other species like Dendrocalamus strictus and Arundinaria intermedia that were grown naturally on the farmlands and were also willing to domesticate more NTFPs having higher market value such as Swertiachirayita in the upcoming days. Altogether of 34 NTFPs of 28 different families were documented in the study area where most of them were in their wild stage. The C.F has the immense opportunity of promoting NTFPs in future which is at the rapid conservation stage right now. The geographical and climatic conditions are also favorable to grow NTFPs that may lead towards the initiation of forest based small scale enterprise that can eventually generate employment and income. NTFPs promotion has become essential in all parts of the country so research on this subject matter can create a milestone in the economic upliftment of the country. The future research on promotion of NTFPs, local manufacturing of NTFPs, distribution ecology and reproductive biology of NTFPS also has the great potentiality.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/init.v4i0.5535The Initiation Vol.4 2011 46-55

scholarly journals Revealing Findings in Youth Sport Parenting Research

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla J. Knight
Keyword(s):  
Parental Involvement ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Youth Sport ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Future Work

It is widely accepted that parents are a pivotal part of young people’s sporting journey, and over the last 4 decades there has been a substantial growth in research pertaining to youth sport parenting. The aim of this paper is to review the status of the literature pertaining to parenting in youth sport and suggest areas for future work. Specifically, the author provides a very brief history of sport parenting research before turning attention to the 3 areas of study that are currently attracting the majority of researchers’ attention: the influence of parental involvement in youth sport, factors affecting parental involvement in youth sport, and strategies to promote high-quality parental involvement. Future research directions pertaining to the sport parenting questions that are asked, the populations that are sampled, and the interventions that are developed and evaluated are subsequently provided. Finally, the paper concludes with some considerations for best practice in sport clubs and organizations that seek to foster more adaptive youth sport parenting.

Analysis of Global and National Scenario of Tuber Crops Production: Trends and Prospects

2020 ◽  
pp. 500-510
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Nutritional Security ◽  
Rate Analysis ◽  
Self Reliance ◽  
The Status ◽  
Food And Nutritional Security ◽  
Tuber Crops

This paper attempts to explore the status of tuber crops cultivation with regard to area, production and productivity across countries and exports of cassava and sweet potatoes from India. The result indicated that among various tuber crops, potatoes were vastly cultivated and consumed by Europe and Asia. At the same time, cassava and sweet potatoes were generally grown and consumed by Africa and Asia. In India, cassava and sweet potatoes are the most important tuber crops due to their large scale and varied uses. The growth rate analysis showed that the area under cassava (-1.38 percent) and sweet potatoes (-0.70 percent) as a whole showed a declining trend in India due to various agro-climatic conditions and socioeconomic constraints. In the context of climate change and considering the importance of root and tuber crops for food and nutritional security, it would be a smart move to bring more area under tuber crops cultivation to achieve 'self-reliance' and ' Make in India Mission'.

scholarly journals Climate change and the risks associated with delayed breeding in a tropical wild bird population

2011 ◽  
Vol 278 (1722) ◽  
pp. 3184-3190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepa Senapathi ◽  
Malcolm A. C. Nicoll ◽  
Celine Teplitsky ◽  
Carl G. Jones ◽  
Ken Norris
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Wild Bird ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Timing Of Breeding ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Bird Population ◽  
Island Endemic

There is growing evidence of changes in the timing of important ecological events, such as flowering in plants and reproduction in animals, in response to climate change, with implications for population decline and biodiversity loss. Recent work has shown that the timing of breeding in wild birds is changing in response to climate change partly because individuals are remarkably flexible in their timing of breeding. Despite this work, our understanding of these processes in wild populations remains very limited and biased towards species from temperate regions. Here, we report the response to changing climate in a tropical wild bird population using a long-term dataset on a formerly critically endangered island endemic, the Mauritius kestrel. We show that the frequency of spring rainfall affects the timing of breeding, with birds breeding later in wetter springs. Delays in breeding have consequences in terms of reduced reproductive success as birds get exposed to risks associated with adverse climatic conditions later on in the breeding season, which reduce nesting success. These results, combined with the fact that frequency of spring rainfall has increased by about 60 per cent in our study area since 1962, imply that climate change is exposing birds to the stochastic risks of late reproduction by causing them to start breeding relatively late in the season.

scholarly journals Security implications of climate change: A decade of scientific progress

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-17
Author(s):  
Nina von Uexkull ◽  
Halvard Buhaug
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Causal Pathways ◽  
Conflict Risk

The study of security implications of climate change has developed rapidly from a nascent area of academic inquiry into an important and thriving research field that traverses epistemological and disciplinary boundaries. Here, we take stock of scientific progress by benchmarking the latest decade of empirical research against seven core research priorities collectively emphasized in 35 recent literature reviews. On the basis of this evaluation, we discuss key contributions of this special issue. Overall, we find that the research community has made important strides in specifying and evaluating plausible indirect causal pathways between climatic conditions and a wide set of conflict-related outcomes and the scope conditions that shape this relationship. Contributions to this special issue push the research frontier further along these lines. Jointly, they demonstrate significant climate impacts on social unrest in urban settings; they point to the complexity of the climate–migration–unrest link; they identify how agricultural production patterns shape conflict risk; they investigate understudied outcomes in relation to climate change, such as interstate claims and individual trust; and they discuss the relevance of this research for user groups across academia and beyond. We find that the long-term implications of gradual climate change and conflict potential of policy responses are important remaining research gaps that should guide future research.

scholarly journals The Current Status of the World’s Primates: Mapping Threats to Understand Priorities for Primate Conservation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Fernández ◽  
Daphne Kerhoas ◽  
Andrea Dempsey ◽  
Josephine Billany ◽  
Gráinne McCabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Red List ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Impact

AbstractOver the past decades, primate populations have been declining. Four years ago, >60% of species were listed as threatened. As the rate of loss accelerates and new IUCN assessments are being published, we used IUCN Red List assessments and peer-reviewed literature published within the last 5 yr to evaluate the status of primates globally, by region and by taxonomic group. We also examined the main factors affecting a species’ conservation status to determine if we could predict the status of understudied species. We found that 65% of species are in the top three IUCN Red List categories (Vulnerable, Endangered, Critically Endangered). Globally, the main threats to primates are Biological Resource Use, including Hunting & Logging, and Agriculture. The impact of these threats varied by region and taxon. Our model showed that Malagasy and Asian primates, and those affected by Agriculture, Human Disturbance, and Climate Change were more likely to be considered at risk of extinction. The model’s predictive probability, however, was low. Our literature analysis showed that some threats, especially climate change and disease, affected more species than indicated by the IUCN Red List. As we move into the next decade, we must continue tackling hunting and agricultural expansion but also be vigilant about emerging threats. We must also aim to regularly test the effectiveness of mitigation strategies, evaluating their long-term adoption and their impact on primates; as well as to increase communication between researchers and applied conservationists to ensure IUCN assessments include current and emerging threats.

Do we know how mosquito disease vectors will respond to climate change?

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rija Falimanalina Andriamifidy ◽  
Nils Benjamin Tjaden ◽  
Carl Beierkuhnlein ◽  
Stephanie Margarete Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Temperature Ranges

Abstract Mosquito-borne diseases are on the rise globally. Besides invasion processes and the increasing connectivity between distant regions through the trade of goods and human mobility, climate change is seen as an important driver for changing the likelihood of occurrence of vectors and diseases, respectively. Ectothermic insects respond directly to thermal conditions and thus we can expect them to follow climatic trends. However, a variety of species and different stages in their life cycles need to be considered. Here, we review the current literature in this field and disentangle the state of knowledge and the challenges and open questions for future research. The integration of diurnal temperature ranges in prospective experimental studies will strongly improve the knowledge of mosquitoes’ ecology and mosquito-borne disease transmission for temperate regions in particular. In addition, invasive mosquitoes are known to rapidly adapt to the climatic conditions, but the underlying processes are not yet fully understood.

scholarly journals Non-climatic constraints on upper elevational plant range expansion under climate change

2014 ◽  
Vol 281 (1794) ◽  
pp. 20141779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carissa D. Brown ◽  
Mark Vellend
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Range Expansion ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Time Lags ◽  
Range Limit ◽  
Elevational Range

We are limited in our ability to predict climate-change-induced range shifts by our inadequate understanding of how non-climatic factors contribute to determining range limits along putatively climatic gradients. Here, we present a unique combination of observations and experiments demonstrating that seed predation and soil properties strongly limit regeneration beyond the upper elevational range limit of sugar maple, a tree species of major economic importance. Most strikingly, regeneration beyond the range limit occurred almost exclusively when seeds were experimentally protected from predators. Regeneration from seed was depressed on soil from beyond the range edge when this soil was transplanted to sites within the range, with indirect evidence suggesting that fungal pathogens play a role. Non-climatic factors are clearly in need of careful attention when attempting to predict the biotic consequences of climate change. At minimum, we can expect non-climatic factors to create substantial time lags between the creation of more favourable climatic conditions and range expansion.

scholarly journals Climate change and the rising infectiousness of dengue

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joacim Rocklöv ◽  
Yesim Tozan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Core Concepts ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Models Of Disease ◽  
Dengue Vectors

Abstract The disease burden of dengue has been steadily rising over the last half-century due to a multitude of factors, including global trade and travel, urbanization, population growth, and climate variability and change, that facilitate conductive conditions for the proliferation of dengue vectors and viruses. This review describes how climate, specifically temperature, affects the vectors’ ability to cause and sustain outbreaks, and how the infectiousness of dengue is influenced by climatic change. The review is focused on the core concepts and frameworks derived in the area of epidemiology of mosquito-borne diseases and outlines the sensitivity of vectorial capacity and vector-to-human transmission on climatic conditions. It further reviews studies linking mathematical or statistical models of disease transmission to scenarios of projected climate change and provides recommendations for future research directions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document