Small reserves around hibernation sites may not adequately protect mobile snakes: the example of Great Basin Gophersnakes (Pituophis catenifer deserticola) in British Columbia

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.E. Williams ◽  
K.E. Hodges ◽  
C.A. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Great Basin ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
Maximum Distance ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Common Strategy ◽  
The Government ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Reserve Size

A common strategy for reptile conservation is to establish reserves around nesting or hibernation sites. The government of British Columbia, Canada, mandates protection of 200–300 ha wildlife habitat areas (WHAs) around hibernation sites of the federally threatened Great Basin Gophersnakes ( Pituophis catenifer deserticola Stejneger, 1893), but practical constraints result in a mean size of 193 ha. To evaluate the efficacy of this reserve size, we radio-tracked 39 adult Gophersnakes at four study sites in the Okanagan Valley in 2006 and 2007. Home ranges averaged 10.5 ± 1.7 ha. The maximum distance traveled from a hibernation site was 2400 m, whereas the maximum distance dispersed averaged 520 ± 65 m. An idealized circular WHA of 193 ha with the hibernation site at the centre would be large enough to contain Gophersnake home ranges, but the dispersal data show that only 85% of snakes would stay within that area. Small or asymmetrical WHAs likely protect even fewer Gophersnake locations. We recommend that WHAs be expanded if possible because the high mobility of Gophersnakes suggests that current reserves may not offer adequate protection.

The spatial dynamics of White-browed Babbler groups in a fragmented agricultural landscape

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter G. Cale
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Breeding Site ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Group Movements

White-browed Babbler Pomatostomus superciliosus groups occupying linear strips of vegetation had breeding territories that were smaller in area and had longer linear dimensions than those occupying patches. A group's non-breeding home range was larger than its breeding territory. Groups occupying linear/patch home ranges expanded the linear extent and area of their home ranges more than those within other home range configurations. Some groups moved during the non-breeding season and this was more likely to occur if the group occupied a remnant with a low abundance of invertebrates during summer. Some groups that moved returned prior to the next breeding season, but the majority were never seen again. New groups moved into the study sites and established in vacant home ranges. This suggests that those groups that left the study sites may have established new home ranges elsewhere. Breeding site fidelity was lower in groups that had failed in previous breeding attempts. Therefore, group movements were influenced by the feeding and breeding quality of the habitat. However, the configuration of the local population also influenced group movements with those groups on the edge of a local population being more likely to move than those in the interior. New groups were formed by two processes; group dispersal, where groups generally filled a vacant home range, and group budding, which involved the splitting of a large group. Group dispersal maintained group densities while group budding increased the density of groups in a local population. These two processes were common, producing localized fluctuations in the density of groups. Since babbler groups contain only one breeding pair, changes in group density represent changes in effective population size. Therefore, group dynamics may be important to the persistence of local populations of White-browed Babblers, especially in landscapes that have suffered from habitat loss and fragmentation.

The ecology of an Australian reptile icon: how do blue-tongued lizards (Tiliqua scincoides) survive in suburbia?

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Koenig ◽  
Richard Shine ◽  
Glenn Shea
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Minimal Risk ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Avoided Crossing ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Radio Transmitters ◽  
Core Areas ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Gravid Females

Although most species of large reptiles in the Sydney region are now restricted to remnant bushland, the blue-tongued lizard (Tiliqua scincoides) remains abundant. How has this large, slow-moving reptile managed to persist in the suburbs? We implanted radio-transmitters into 17 adult blue-tongued lizards and tracked them for six months (October 1998 to March 1999). Radio-tracked animals utilised 5–17 suburban backyards, but each lizard spent most of its time in a few ‘core’ areas near 2–7 shelter sites. Males had larger home ranges than females (mean of 12700 v. 5100 m 2 ) and moved further between shelter sites. Gravid females (mean home range 1000 m 2 ) were more sedentary. Lizards used corridors of dense vegetation to move between retreat sites, and actively avoided crossing roads. In sunny weather, lizards typically basked close to their overnight shelter for 1–4 h each morning until they obtained body temperatures of approximately 32°C. They maintained high body temperatures while moving about in the afternoon. In combination, the following ecological factors may facilitate persistence of blue-tongued lizards at our suburban study sites. (i) The most important subgroup of the population in terms of conservation are gravid females, which are highly sedentary and, thus, less likely to encounter the dangers of suburbia. (ii) The more ‘expendable’ males move about much more, but mostly in times and places that involve minimal risk from humans and their domestic pets. (iii) Lizards show strong site fidelity, spending up to 70% of their time in ‘safe’ locations; importantly, they avoid roads. (iv) Blue-tongued lizards readily utilise ‘artificial’ shelter sites and the commensal prey species (e.g. snails) found in most gardens. (v) These lizards can grow rapidly, mature early, and produce large litters. Because blue-tongued lizards have a long life span (over 30 years in captivity), populations of adults may persist for many years in the absence of recruitment.

scholarly journals Snake mortality and cover board effectiveness along exclusion fencing in British Columbia, Canada

2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana M. Eye ◽  
Jared R. Maida ◽  
Owain M. McKibbin ◽  
Karl W. Larsen ◽  
Christine A. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Great Basin ◽  
Natural Vegetation ◽  
Board Effectiveness ◽  
Encounter Rates ◽  
Snake Species ◽  
Coluber Constrictor ◽  
Northern Pacific

We report on snake mortalities along exclusion fencing in southern British Columbia, showing Western Yellow-bellied Racer (Coluber constrictor mormon) deaths were disproportionately higher than our encounter rates with the species within the snake community. This suggests racers were susceptible to fence mortality more so than Northern Pacific Rattlesnakes (Crotalus o. oreganus) or Great Basin Gophersnakes (Pituouphis catenifer deserticola). Datalogger recordings revealed temperatures under cover boards were well above the tolerable temperatures of the three snake species, although the boards appeared to temper ambient heat more efficiently than natural vegetation. We caution that the effects of fencing and cover boards may vary across ecosystems and snake species.

Dr. Bodington

1897 ◽  
Vol 43 (182) ◽  
pp. 675-675
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Marked Improvement ◽  
Common Humanity ◽  
The Government ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Way

The following cutting from The Province, published in Victoria, British Columbia, will be of interest to many of the members of our Association:—“The Provincial Secretary's ‘Bill to amend the Lunacy Act’ was introduced to the House (not before it was wanted) on Wednesday last, and read a first time. We trust that provisions have been made to render impossible any recurrence of the sad circumstances attendant upon the care of the insane which we recently had occasion to deplore, and that common humanity will compel members to take the keenest possible interest in every clause of the enactment. Reform has been the order of the day at the Westminster Asylum ever since Dr. Bodington took charge two years ago—another appointment, by the way, upon which it is only just to congratulate the Government. We predicted that Dr. Bodington would prove a success, and we are glad to hear on excellent and altogether unbiassed authority that the asylum may now be considered in every way a credit to the country. Perfect discipline is maintained amongst the patients without any necessity for that ‘restraint’ which formed so barbarous a characteristic of the ancient régime. More satisfactory still is the knowledge that marked improvement has become noticeable amongst cases formerly rated hopeless or incurable.”

scholarly journals Getting to green: Niche-driven or government-led entrepreneurship and sustainability in the wine industry

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauretta Frederking
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Environmental Values ◽  
Wine Industry ◽  
Niche Model ◽  
The Government ◽  
Sustainability Movement

Through the framework of Michael Porterʼs five forces, this article compares sustainability in the Oregon and British Columbia wine industries. After describing the contrasting characteristics of the green niche model and the government-led model of environmental change, the article analyzes the emerging challenges for each type of change.The distinct sources for profitability and future innovation suggests diversity within the sustainability movement and two very different processes of translating environmental values into entrepreneurial practice.

scholarly journals RESEARCH ON IMPROVING THE CAPACITY OF NGOS TO UNDERTAKE GOVERNMENT PURCHASE OF PUBLIC SERVICES BASED ON 7S MODEL

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
TENG-FEI LIU
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Public Services ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
External Factors ◽  
System Construction ◽  
Demand Structure ◽  
Service Projects ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Training

Under the background of government purchasing public services (GPPS), the development of NGOs faces new opportunities and challenges. To promote the development of NGOs and optimize the quality of public services. This paper analyzes the internal problems of NGOs undertaking GPPS, such as structural mismatch, low employee autonomy, high mobility and lack of professionalism, and government departments in the GPPS management loopholes, unclear regulatory responsibilities, inadequate supervision and other external factors. With the help of 7S model, this paper puts forward that the government provides a good cooperation environment for NGOs to undertake public service projects by changing management mode, strengthening system construction and training employees. NGOs define their own positioning by formulating strategic planning, matching the demand structure of public services, improving working methods, and updating service concepts. The government and NGOs work together to achieve the win-win goal of optimizing public service quality and promoting the development of NGOs.

scholarly journals The Political Discourse Behind Canada’s Unusually Harsh Detention Practices: The MV Sun Sea Case

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaina Singh
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Ideologies ◽  
Analysis Strategy ◽  
The Government

On August 13th 2010, the MV Sun Sea ship carrying 492 Tamil asylum seekers arrived off of the coast of British Columbia. Immediately upon arrival the Tamil asylum seekers were detained for a prolonged period of time, subjected to intensified interrogation techniques, and unfairly questioned even when in possession of identifying documents. This paper examines how the government used political discourse to try and justify the unusually harsh detention of asylum seekers. Through a critical discourse analysis strategy, eight newspaper articles will be analyzed and the theories of securitization, discourse, and orientalism will be used to advance certain political ideologies. The political justifications of detention operate through the theme of the egocentric state, and the theme of categorizing and demonizing asylum seekers. The final theme discussed is the concept of victimization, which will offer an alternate perspective to this paper’s main focus on political discourse.

scholarly journals Factors Related to Symptoms in Patients Suspect Covid-19 in The Public Health Center Kebayoran Baru in March – June 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 907-922
Author(s):  
Tri Wahyuni ◽  
Suherman Suherman ◽  
Nazarwin Saputra ◽  
Istianah Surury
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Community Health Center ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government

The world is undergoing the new pandemic named COVID-19 of early 2020 announced in China and all over the world and infect more than 10 million people in the world (incidence rate 1.3). Indonesia has the number of cases 28.818 per June 04, 2020, with a CFR of 6%, the highest in Southeast Asia. Besides confirming the case, the suspect like ODP, PDP, and OTG should also be monitored. Although the number of cases and suspects in the Kebayoran Baru district is not the highest in South Jakarta, as the center of South Jakarta where many offices and high mobility, and the population is not as much as another district, so the possible transmission of COVID-19 in Kebayoran Baru still high. To find out the relationship between age, sex, comorbid hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and heart disease with the severity of symptoms in COVID-19 suspect of Kebayoran Baru district March – June 2020. The design of this study used cross-sectional secondary data of COVID-19 suspect monitoring in Community Health Center Kebayoran Baru. Analysis with chi-square 0.005. Statistical results of COVID-19 suspects in the Kebayoran Baru district are 44% having symptoms. The research suggests that a significant relationship between age, hypertension comorbid, diabetes mellitus comorbid, and heart disease with the symptoms. While sex has no significant relation with symptoms. The government should have more attention to protect people that having comorbid such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or heart disease.

Burbot: Ecology, Management, and Culture

2008 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Maximum Distance ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
High Fidelity ◽  
Lota Lota ◽  
Acoustic Tags ◽  
The Mean ◽  
General Movement ◽  
Kootenai River ◽  
Do So

Abstract.—Adult burbot <em>Lota lota </em>from Koocanusa Reservoir, Montana, USA were surgically implanted with acoustic (<em>n </em>= 28) and combined radio/acoustic tags (<em>n </em>= 12) to quantify movements and home range. Fish were tagged from November 2003 to April 2004, and tracking efforts were conducted approximately weekly during daylight hours on Koocanusa Reservoir using a motor boat during the period of mid-December 2003 to July 2005, which spanned two burbot spawning seasons. Six (15%) tagged burbot were never relocated after release, and an additional seven (17.5%) of the tagged burbot either died or shed their tag within 60 d after release. We relocated 34 marked burbot (85%) on at least three occasions (mean = 10.0). Burbot frequently used the deepest portions of the reservoir, especially during the summer months. We estimated that the mean 50%, 75%, and 90% kernel home ranges were 14.6, 22.6 and 32.3 km<sup>2</sup>, respectively. We found no evidence that burbot home range differed within the 2 years of this study. Although we did observe burbot moving a maximum distance of up to 64.3 km, we were unable to discern any general movement patterns by month or capture location. Individual burbot tagged in this study had relatively high fidelity to the original capture side of the reservoir, and almost half of our marked burbot were never relocated on the opposite side of the remnant Kootenai River thalweg, and those that did cross the thalweg do so infrequently. One burbot was entrained through Libby Dam approximately 134–276 d after capture and tagging.

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