scholarly journals Identification and characterization of the contact zone between short-tailed shrews (Blarina) in Iowa and Missouri

2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 278-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.W. Thompson ◽  
R.S. Pfau ◽  
J.R. Choate ◽  
H.H. Genoways ◽  
E.J. Finck
Keyword(s):  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Putative Hybrid ◽  
Aflp Analysis ◽  
Contact Zones ◽  
Blarina Brevicauda ◽  
Field Identification ◽  
The One ◽  
Blarina Hylophaga ◽  
Identification And Characterization

Short-tailed shrews (genus Blarina Gray, 1838) are characterized by divergent karyotypes and are genetically distinct. Blarina species are similar morphologically but, in most cases, can be distinguished morphometrically. Blarina distributions tend to be parapatric along well-defined contact zones; however, it has been suggested that the northern short-tailed shrew ( Blarina brevicauda (Say, 1823)) and Elliot’s short-tailed shrew ( Blarina hylophaga Elliot, 1899) occur sympatrically in Iowa and Missouri. To evaluate this possibility, 179 specimens were collected in southwestern Iowa and northwestern Missouri. Karyotypes and total length were used for field identification, and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis was used to verify field identifications and to investigate the extent of hybridization. One hundred seventy-eight of 179 specimens were identified to species. The one exception had a karyotype of B. brevicauda (2n = 50, FN = 48); however, AFLP analysis indicated that this individual was likely an F1 hybrid. No backcrosses were detected, so it appears that introgression is minimal. The putative hybrid was trapped at a locality with B. brevicauda just north of a locality having only B. hylophaga. No locality contained both species. Therefore, these species are not broadly sympatric as has been suggested, but rather exhibit a distribution similar to the pattern of parapatry seen in most of the contact zones of Blarina.

Identification of suitable nontraditional tropical and residual paving materials in relation to the environment

1987 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Gidigasu ◽  
S. P. K. Asante ◽  
E. Dougan
Keyword(s):  
Performance Studies ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Index Properties ◽  
Moisture Index ◽  
Fines Content ◽  
Geotechnical Characteristics ◽  
Pavement Construction ◽  
The One ◽  
Identification And Characterization

Results of laboratory and field construction and pavement performance studies have revealed that some apparently substandard or borderline—by temperature zone standards—tropical gravel materials can be used successfully for the construction of low-cost pavements in subhumid climatic zones.The geotechnical characteristics of suitable paving materials have been defined from results of studies carried out on satisfactory and poor road sections over a period of 5–6 years.Important correlations were found between the bearing strength (CBR) on the one hand and some moisture index properties as well as the products of the fines content and these index properties on the other.It is shown that the product of the fines content and some moisture index properties form a useful basis for identifying suitable materials for pavement construction in the moist subhumid climatic zone of Ghana.The paper is a contribution to the identification and characterization of nontraditional tropical and residual paving materials in relation to the environment. Key words: pavements, California bearing ratio (CBR), index properties, fines content, subhumid climate.

Assessment of Genetic Diversity of Rheum species (Endangered Medicinal Herb of Indian Himalayan Region) using Molecular Markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 147-154
Author(s):  
Anjali Uniyal ◽  
Akhilesh Kumar ◽  
Sweta Upadhyay ◽  
Vijay Kumar ◽  
Sanjay Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Dna Polymorphisms ◽  
Inter Simple Sequence Repeats ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Endangered Medicinal Herb ◽  
Identification And Characterization ◽  
Simple Sequence

The Rheum species are important medicinal plants that are facing extinction due to their unplanned development and overexploitation by pharmaceutical industries. DNA polymorphisms are not prone to environmental modifications, thus they are widely used for the identification and characterization of plants. The use of different molecular markers has enabled the researchers for the valuation of genetic variability and diversity in its natural zone of distribution. The conventional approach may take several years to yield this information. For the estimation of molecular and genetic variations in geographical zone of distribution, various molecular markers technique are available like RAPD (Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA), RFLP (Restriction fragment length polymorphism), ISSR (Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats), SSR and AFLP. The uses of different molecular markers for the study of genetic diversity have been discussed in the review.

scholarly journals Characterization of Verticillium albo-atrum Field Isolates Using Pathogenicity Data and AFLP Analysis

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 633-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastjan Radišek ◽  
Jernej Jakše ◽  
Andrej Simončič ◽  
Branka Javornik
Keyword(s):  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Aflp Analysis ◽  
Mild Form ◽  
Aflp Data ◽  
Green Pepper ◽  
Clear Separation ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Verticillium Albo Atrum

Since 1997, hop wilt induced by a virulent pathotype of Verticillium albo-atrum has caused considerable economic losses in hop fields in Slovenia. In all, 20 isolates of V. albo-atrum, including 12 from plants affected with the lethal form (PG2) of hop wilt, 6 from plants with the mild form (PG1), 1 from cucumber, and 1 from petunia, as well as 1 isolate of V. dahliae each from hop and green pepper, were analyzed by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). Differences in the virulence of hop isolates were confirmed by pathogenicity tests on hop cultivars. The AFLP method was optimized for analysis of these fungi and 7 of 39 primer combinations tested were used for the analysis of polymorphism among isolates. Cluster analysis of AFLP data divided the isolates into two, well-separated V. albo-atrum and V. dahliae clusters, confirming that the two species are genetically distinct. Within the V. albo-atrum cluster, isolates were further separated into two distinct groups: the A1 group contained PG1 hop pathotype and cucumber and petunia isolates, and the A2 group all hop isolates of the PG2 pathotype. Minor genetic variation was detected within pathotype-associated AFLP groups, but the clear separation of V. albo-atrum hop isolates according to their level of virulence shows genetic differentiation among hop V. albo-atrum pathotypes.

Identification and characterization of a fibronectin-binding protein from Clostridium difficile

Microbiology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 149 (10) ◽  
pp. 2779-2787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Hennequin ◽  
Claire Janoir ◽  
Marie-Claude Barc ◽  
Anne Collignon ◽  
Tuomo Karjalainen
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Immunoblot Analysis ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Cell Fractionation ◽  
Fibronectin Binding Protein ◽  
Fibronectin Binding ◽  
The One ◽  
Identification And Characterization

A 68 kDa fibronectin-binding protein (Fbp68) from Clostridium difficile displaying significant homology to several established or putative Fbps from other bacteria was identified. The one-copy gene is highly conserved in C. difficile isolates. Fbp68 was expressed in Escherichia coli in fusion with glutathione S-transferase; the fusion protein and the native Fbp68 were purified. Immunoblot analysis and cell fractionation experiments revealed that Fbp68 is present on the surface of the bacteria. Far-immuno dot-blotting demonstrated that Fbp68 was capable of fixing fibronectin. Indirect immunofluorescence and ELISA were employed to demonstrate that C. difficile could bind both soluble and immobilized fibronectin. With competitive adherence inhibition assays it was shown that antibodies raised against Fbp68 partially inhibited attachment of C. difficile to fibronectin and Vero cells. Furthermore, Vero cells could fix purified membrane-immobilized Fbp68. Thus Fbp68 appears to be one of the several adhesins identified to date in C. difficile.

Characterization of AFLP markers in damselflies: prevalence of codominant markers and implications for population genetic applications

Genome ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Wong ◽  
M R Forbes ◽  
M L Smith
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetic ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Population Studies ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Aflp Analysis ◽  
Polymorphic Markers ◽  
Dominant Markers ◽  
Nehalennia Irene

Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis is becoming increasingly popular as a method for generating molecular markers for population genetic applications. For practical considerations, it is generally assumed in population studies that AFLPs segregate as dominant markers, i.e., that present and absent are the only possible states of a given locus. We tested the assumption of dominance in natural populations of the damselfly Nehalennia irene (Hagen) (Odonata: Coenagrionidae). Electro-blotted AFLP products from 21 samples were probed with individual markers. Eleven markers were analyzed, of which two were monomorphic and nine were polymorphic. Only two of the polymorphic markers behaved in a strictly dominant manner. The remaining seven polymorphic markers displayed various degrees of codominance, with 2–10 visible alleles in the sample. Of the three markers displaying the highest degree of variability, two contained microsatellite repeat tracts. Our results suggest that the assumption of dominance is unfounded. As a result, AFLP analysis may be unsuitable for estimating several important population genetic parameters, including genetic diversity.Key words: AFLP, population genetics, dominant markers, microsatellite, insect, damselfly.

scholarly journals Fourier Transform Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy for Characterization of Listeria monocytogenes Strains

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 228-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid Oust ◽  
Trond Møretrø ◽  
Kristine Naterstad ◽  
Ganesh D. Sockalingum ◽  
Isabelle Adt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Aflp Analysis ◽  
Aflp Data ◽  
Infrared And Raman Spectroscopy

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to characterize the variation in biochemical composition of 89 strains of Listeria monocytogenes with different susceptibilities towards sakacin P, using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The strains were also analyzed using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis. Based on their susceptibilities to sakacin P, the 89 strains have previously been divided into two groups. Using the FTIR spectra and AFLP data, the strains were basically differentiated into the same two groups. Analyses of the FTIR and Raman spectra revealed that the strains in the two groups contained differences in the compositions of carbohydrates and fatty acids. The relevance of the variation in the composition of carbohydrates with respect to the variation in the susceptibility towards sakacin P for the L. monocytogenes strains is discussed.

scholarly journals Identification and characterization of an AFLP marker associated with carcass composition in the pig (Brief report)

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-414
Author(s):  
E. Muráni ◽  
S. Ponsuksili ◽  
K. Schellander ◽  
K. Wimmers
Keyword(s):  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Aflp Marker ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Dna Polymorphisms ◽  
Miniature Pig ◽  
Nucleotide Substitutions ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Identification And Characterization

Abstract. Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) is a DNA fingerprinting technique that allows genotyping of DNA polymorphisms, mainly single nucleotide substitutions (SNP), across the whole genome with high multiplex ratio and without the need of their prior knowledge. We have successfully combined AFLP with selective genotyping for mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) in a F2 resource population based on Duroc and Berlin Miniature pig (DUMI) (WIMMERS et al., 2002). Here we report application of this approach for the identification of loci associated with carcass composition in a herd of commercial German Landrace pigs.

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