Maturation increases superoxide radical production without increasing oxidative damage in the skeletal muscle of hooded seals (Cystophora cristata)

2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Vázquez-Medina ◽  
N. O. Olguín-Monroy ◽  
P. D. Maldonado ◽  
A. Santamaría ◽  
M. Königsberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Superoxide Radical ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Hooded Seal ◽  
Cystophora Cristata ◽  
Radical Production ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Diving vertebrates represent unique models for the study of the physiological responses to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and oxidative stress because of their adaptability to cope with dive-derived ROS production. We hypothesized that in the skeletal muscle of a diving mammal, the hooded seal ( Cystophora cristata (Erxleben, 1777)), ROS production increases with maturation but the accumulation of oxidative damage does not. To test this, we analyzed the tissue capacity to produce ROS, the accumulation of oxidative damage, and the activity and protein content of the cooper, zinc, and manganese dependent superoxide dismutases (Cu,ZnSOD, MnSOD) in skeletal muscle from neonates, weaned pups, and adult hooded seals. Our results showed higher tissue capacity to produce ROS, higher Cu,ZnSOD and MnSOD activities, and higher MnSOD protein content in adult seals than in pups. No differences in oxidative damage to lipids, proteins, or DNA were detected among groups. Results suggest that increased SOD activity likely counters the oxidative damage commonly associated with increased ROS production. These findings highlight the unusual tolerance of skeletal muscle of seals to increased ROS production.

scholarly journals Superoxide radical production in chicken skeletal muscle induced by acute heat stress

2005 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mujahid ◽  
Y. Yoshiki ◽  
Y. Akiba ◽  
M. Toyomizu
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Superoxide Radical ◽  
Radical Production ◽  
Acute Heat Stress ◽  
Chicken Skeletal Muscle

scholarly journals Uncoupled respiration, ROS production, acute lipotoxicity and oxidative damage in isolated skeletal muscle mitochondria from UCP3-ablated mice

2011 ◽  
Vol 1807 (9) ◽  
pp. 1095-1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miranda Nabben ◽  
Irina G. Shabalina ◽  
Esther Moonen-Kornips ◽  
Denis van Beurden ◽  
Barbara Cannon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Muscle Mitochondria ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria

Atorvastatin treatment reduces exercise capacities in rats: involvement of mitochondrial impairments and oxidative stress

2011 ◽  
Vol 111 (5) ◽  
pp. 1477-1483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamal Bouitbir ◽  
Anne-Laure Charles ◽  
Laurence Rasseneur ◽  
Stéphane Dufour ◽  
François Piquard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Statin Treatment ◽  
Exhaustive Exercise ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Plantaris Muscle ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Atorvastatin Treatment ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Physical exercise exacerbates the cytotoxic effects of statins in skeletal muscle. Mitochondrial impairments may play an important role in the development of muscular symptoms following statin treatment. Our objective was to characterize mitochondrial function and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in skeletal muscle after exhaustive exercise in atorvastatin-treated rats. The animals were divided into four groups: resting control (CONT; n = 8) and exercise rats (CONT+EXE; n = 8) as well as resting (ATO; n = 10) and exercise (ATO+EXE; n = 8) rats that were treated with atorvastatin (10 mg·kg−1·day−1for 2 wk). Exhaustive exercise showed that the distance that was covered by treated animals was reduced ( P < 0.05). Using dihydroethidium staining, we showed that the ROS level was increased by 60% in the plantaris muscle of ATO compared with CONT rats and was highly increased in ATO+EXE (226%) compared with that in CONT+EXE rats. The maximal mitochondrial respiration (Vmax) was decreased in ATO rats compared with that in CONT rats ( P < 0.01). In CONT+EXE rats, Vmaxsignificantly increased compared with those in CONT rats ( P < 0.05). Vmaxwas significantly lower in ATO+EXE rats (−39%) compared with that in CONT+EXE rats ( P < 0.001). The distance that was covered by rats significantly correlated with Vmax( r = 0.62, P < 0.01). The glycogen content was decreased in ATO, CONT+EXE, and ATO+EXE rats compared with that in CONT rats ( P < 0.05). GLUT-4 mRNA expression was higher after exhaustive exercise in CONT+EXE rats compared with the other groups ( P < 0.05). Our results show that exhaustive exercise exacerbated metabolic perturbations and ROS production in skeletal muscle, which may reduce the exercise capacity and promote the muscular symptoms in sedentary atorvastatin-treated animals.

scholarly journals Olive oil-supplemented diet alleviates acute heat stress-induced mitochondrial ROS production in chicken skeletal muscle

2009 ◽  
Vol 297 (3) ◽  
pp. R690-R698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Mujahid ◽  
Yukio Akiba ◽  
Masaaki Toyomizu
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Muscle Mitochondria ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria ◽  
Mitochondrial Ros ◽  
Acute Heat Stress

We have previously shown that avian uncoupling protein (avUCP) is downregulated on exposure to acute heat stress, stimulating mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and oxidative damage. In this study, we investigated whether upregulation of avUCP could attenuate oxidative damage caused by acute heat stress. Broiler chickens ( Gallus gallus) were fed either a control diet or an olive oil-supplemented diet (6.7%), which has been shown to increase the expression of UCP3 in mammals, for 8 days and then exposed either to heat stress (34°C, 12 h) or kept at a thermoneutral temperature (25°C). Skeletal muscle mitochondrial ROS (measured as H2O2) production, avUCP expression, oxidative damage, mitochondrial membrane potential, and oxygen consumption were studied. We confirmed that heat stress increased mitochondrial ROS production and malondialdehyde levels and decreased the amount of avUCP. As expected, feeding birds an olive oil-supplemented diet increased the expression of avUCP in skeletal muscle mitochondria and decreased ROS production and oxidative damage. Studies on mitochondrial function showed that heat stress increased membrane potential in state 4, which was reversed by feeding birds an olive oil-supplemented diet, although no differences in basal proton leak were observed between control and heat-stressed groups. These results show that under heat stress, mitochondrial ROS production and olive oil-induced reduction of ROS production may occur due to changes in respiratory chain activity as well as avUCP expression in skeletal muscle mitochondria.

scholarly journals Melatonin Improves Levels of Zn and Cu in the Muscle of Diabetic Obese Rats

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1535
Author(s):  
Miguel Navarro-Alarcón ◽  
Fernando Gil-Hernández ◽  
Cristina Sánchez-González ◽  
Juan Llopis ◽  
Marina Villalón-Mir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Membrane Transporters ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Metabolic Alterations ◽  
Obese Rats ◽  
Zn And Cu In ◽  
Zdf Rats ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Melatonin improves metabolic alterations associated with obesity and its diabetes (diabesity). We intend to determine whether this improvement is exerted by changing Zn and/or Cu tissue levels in liver, muscle, pancreas, and brain, and in internal (perirenal, perigonadal, and omentum) and subcutaneous lumbar white adipose tissues (IWAT and SWAT, respectively). Male Zücker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats and lean littermates (ZL) were orally supplemented either with melatonin (10 mg/kg body weight/day) or vehicle for 6 weeks. Zn and Cu concentrations were not significantly influenced by diabesity in the analyzed tissues (p > 0.05), with the exception of Zn in liver. In skeletal muscle Zn and Cu, and in perirenal WAT, only Zn levels increased significantly with melatonin supplementation in ZDF rats (p < 0.05). This cytoplasmic Zn enhancement would be probably associated with the upregulation of several Zn influx membrane transporters (Zips) and could explain the amelioration in the glycaemia and insulinaemia by upregulating the Akt and downregulating the inhibitor PTP1B, in obese and diabetic conditions. Enhanced Zn and Cu levels in muscle cells could be related to the reported antioxidant melatonin activity exerted by increasing the Zn, Cu-SOD, and extracellular Cu-SOD activity. In conclusion, melatonin, by increasing the muscle levels of Zn and Cu, joined with our previously reported findings improves glycaemia, insulinaemia, and oxidative stress in this diabesity animal model.

Superoxide dismutase gene expression in skeletal muscle: fiber-specific adaptation to endurance training

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (3) ◽  
pp. R856-R862 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hollander ◽  
R. Fiebig ◽  
M. Gore ◽  
J. Bejma ◽  
T. Ookawara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Type I ◽  
Sod Activity

The effects of endurance training on the enzyme activity, protein content, and mRNA abundance of Mn and CuZn superoxide dismutase (SOD) were studied in various phenotypes of rat skeletal muscle. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into trained (T, n = 8) and untrained (U, n = 8) groups. Training, consisting of treadmill running at 27 m/min and 12% grade for 2 h/day, 5 days/wk for 10 wk, significantly increased citrate synthase activity ( P < 0.01) in the type I (soleus), type IIa (deep vastus lateralis, DVL), and mixed type II (plantaris) muscles but not in type IIb (superficial vastus lateralis, SVL) muscle. Mitochondrial (Mn) SOD activity was elevated by 80% ( P < 0.05) with training in DVL. SVL and plantaris muscle in T rats showed 54 and 42% higher pooled immunoreactive Mn SOD protein content, respectively, than those in U rats. However, no change in Mn SOD mRNA level was found in any of the muscles. CuZn SOD activity, protein content, and mRNA level in general were not affected by training, except for a 160% increase in pooled CuZn SOD protein in SVL. Training also significantly increased glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities ( P < 0.05), but only in DVL muscle. These data indicate that training adaptations of Mn SOD and other antioxidant enzymes occur primarily in type IIa fibers, probably as a result of enhanced free radical generation and modest antioxidant capacity. Differential training responses of mRNA, enzyme protein, and activity suggest that separate cellular signals may control pre- and posttranslational regulation of SOD.

Endurance training alters antioxidant enzyme gene expression in rat skeletal muscle

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
pp. 1139-1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Gore ◽  
R Fiebig ◽  
J Hollander ◽  
C Leeuwenburgh ◽  
H Ohno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Mrna Abundance ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Sod Activity

The effects of endurance training on gene expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) were investigated in type 2a and 2b skeletal muscles, as well as heart and liver, in the rat. Female Sprague-Dawley rats (4 months old, 300-320 g) were randomly divided into a trained (T, n = 11) and a control (C, n = 10) group and were pair fed a diet consisting of 66% cornstarch and 34% basal diet that contained all essential nutrients. Training was conducted on a treadmill at 25 m·min-1, 10% grade for 2 h per day, 5 days per week for 10 weeks, resulting in a 79% (p < 0.01) increase in citrate synthase activity in the deep portion of vastus lateralis muscle (DVL, type 2a). Cu-Zn SOD activity was 35% higher (p < 0.01) in DVL of T versus C rats, and Cu-Zn SOD mRNA abundance showed a 125% increase with training (p < 0.05). Cu-Zn SOD protein content was not altered in DVL, but increased significantly (p < 0.05) in the superficial portion of vastus lateralis (type 2b) with training. Trained rats showed a 66% higher (p < 0.05) Mn SOD protein content in DVL, but Mn SOD activity and mRNA abundance were not affected. Training also significantly increased GPX activity by 62% (p < 0.05), without changing its mRNA abundance, in the DVL. Heart and liver showed a 112 and 58% increase (p < 0.01) in Cu-Zn SOD mRNA abundance with training, respectively, but no other training adaptation was detected. These data indicate that endurance training can promote gene expression of muscle antioxidant enzymes in a fiber-specific manner. Training appears to upregulate Cu-Zn SOD mRNA abundance in a number of aerobic tissues, whereas Mn SOD and GPX induction observed in DVL may occur at the post-transcriptional levels.Key words: glutathione peroxidase, mRNA, skeletal muscle superoxide dismutase, training.

Zinc dyshomeostasis in rats with aldosteronism. Response to spironolactone

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (4) ◽  
pp. H2361-H2366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manesh Thomas ◽  
Alex Vidal ◽  
Syamal K. Bhattacharya ◽  
Robert A. Ahokas ◽  
Yao Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Cardiac Injury ◽  
Decompensated Heart Failure ◽  
Salt Treatment ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Shed Light

Zinc is a structural constituent of many proteins, including Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD), an endogenous antioxidant enzyme. Hypozincemia has been found in patients hospitalized with congestive heart failure, where neurohormonal activation, including the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), is expected and oxidative stress is present. This study was undertaken to elucidate potential pathophysiological mechanisms involved in Zn dyshomeostasis in aldosteronism. In rats receiving aldosterone/salt treatment (ALDOST) alone for 1 and 4 wk or in combination with spironolactone (Spiro), an ALDO receptor antagonist, we monitored 24-h urinary and fecal Zn excretion and tissue Zn levels in heart, liver, and skeletal muscle, together with tissue metallothionein (MT)-I, a Zn2+-binding protein, and Cu/Zn-SOD activities in plasma and tissues. When compared with unoperated, untreated, age-/sex-matched controls, urinary and, in particular, fecal Zn losses were markedly increased ( P < 0.05) at days 7 and 28 of ALDOST, leading to hypozincemia and a fall ( P < 0.05) in plasma Cu/Zn-SOD activity. Microscopic scars and perivascular fibrosis of intramural coronary arteries first appeared in the right and left ventricles at week 4 of ALDOST and were accompanied by increased ( P < 0.05) tissue Zn, MT-I, and Cu/Zn-SOD activity, which were not found in uninjured liver or skeletal muscle. Spiro cotreatment prevented cardiac injury and Zn redistribution to the heart. Thus increased urinary and fecal Zn losses, together with their preferential translocation to sites of cardiac injury, where MT-I overexpression and increased Cu/Zn-SOD activity appeared, contribute to Zn dyshomeostasis in rats with aldosteronism, which were each prevented by Spiro. These findings may shed light on Zn dyshomeostasis found in patients with decompensated heart failure.

The composition of hooded seal (Cystophora cristata) milk: an adaptation for postnatal fattening

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 318-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olav T. Oftedal ◽  
Daryl J. Boness ◽  
W. Don Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Hooded Seal ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Cystophora Cristata ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
Pack Ice ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Postnatal Weight Gain

We obtained milk from 22 hooded seals on pack ice off the southeast coast of Labrador. Milk composition was not affected by degree of mammary evacuation or method of milk collection (drug immobilization vs. postmortem collection). Lactation stage exerted relatively little influence on milk composition over the course of the 4-day lactation period, but colostrum was higher in crude protein content. At mid to late lactation (2 – 4 days postpartum), hooded seal milk contains the highest dry matter (70%), fat (61%), and gross energy (5.9 kcal/g) contents that have been reported for any mammalian milk. This high fat content may be essential to achievement of the extremely rapid rate of fat deposition (about 4 kg/d) by suckling pups. The relatively low protein content (4.9%) at mid to late lactation is consistent with the small proportion of postnatal weight gain that is lean body mass. The proportion of milk energy contributed by protein is the lowest known for any mammal.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document