Changes in ventilation, metabolism, and behaviour, but not bradycardia, contribute to hypoxia survival in two species of Amazonian armoured catfish

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
T J MacCormack ◽  
R S McKinley ◽  
R Roubach ◽  
V M.F Almeida-Val ◽  
A L Val ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Metabolism ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Ventilation Rate ◽  
Hypoxia Tolerance ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Air Breathing ◽  
Aerial Respiration ◽  
Gill Ventilation ◽  
Cardiac Hypoxia ◽  
Armoured Catfish

Amazonian armoured catfishes exhibit substantial cardiac hypoxia tolerance, but little is known concerning organismal cardiorespiratory, metabolic, and behavioural responses to low oxygen levels. This study assessed the general mechanisms used by two species of armoured catfish, Glyptoperichthyes gibbceps and Liposarcus pardalis, to survive the frequent periods of hypoxia encountered in the Amazon River. The gill ventilation rate (fv) and heart rate (fh) were studied under controlled hypoxia in aquaria and under natural hypoxia in a simulated pond. Glyptoperichthyes gibbceps were fitted with radiotelemetry tags and held in field cages to study their habits of depth selection and air breathing. When denied aerial respiration under hypoxia in aquaria, G. gibbceps increased fv, but neither they nor L. pardalis exhibited alterations in fh. An increase in fvwas initially observed in G. gibbceps during pond hypoxia before aerial respiration was initiated and fvdeclined. Glyptoperichthyes gibbceps were hyperglycaemic under normoxia, and extremely large increases in plasma glucose and lactate concentrations were observed under hypoxia. Field studies confirmed their nocturnal behaviour and showed that air breathing increased at night, regardless of dissolved oxygen concentration. Our results show that armoured catfishes preferentially up-regulate fvand anaerobic metabolism and exhibit no bradycardia during hypoxia.

scholarly journals Behavioural responses of caddisfly larvae (Hydropsyche angustipennis) to hypoxia

2007 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.G. van der Geest
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Suitability ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Ventilation Rate ◽  
Hypoxia Tolerance ◽  
Survival Strategies ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Caddisfly Larvae ◽  
Oxygen Conditions ◽  
Behavioural Test ◽  
Impedance Conversion

The availability of aquatic oxygen can limit habitat suitability for benthic insects, and differences in hypoxia tolerance can therefore play a role in explaining distributions in the field. This study describes a behavioural test in which the trade off between different survival strategies after exposure to different oxygen concentrations is analyzed, using the caddisfly Hydropsyche angustipennis as a model organism. The impedance conversion technique was used to quantify patterns of behaviour for individual caddisflies at three levels of dissolved oxygen (100%, 50%, and 30% saturation) under controlled laboratory conditions. Exposure to hypoxia resulted in behavioural changes: under low-oxygen conditions, larvae increased their ventilation rate, which may increase oxygen uptake. However, they also increased the time spent on other activities, which may reflect avoidance behaviour.

Hypoxia Tolerance in Twelve Species of East African Cichlids: Potential for Low Oxygen Refugia in Lake Victoria

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1274-1288 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAUREN J. CHAPMAN ◽  
LESLIE S. KAUFMAN ◽  
COLIN A. CHAPMAN ◽  
F. ELLIS MCKENZIE
Keyword(s):  
Lake Victoria ◽  
Hypoxia Tolerance ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
East African ◽  
East African Cichlids ◽  
African Cichlids

Renal Function in Unanaesthetized River Lampreys (Lampetra FluviatilisL.): Effects of Anaesthesia, Temperature and Environmental Salinity

1983 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 351-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. MCVICAR ◽  
J. C. RANKIN
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Ventilation Rate ◽  
Urine Flow ◽  
The Body ◽  
Urine Flow Rate ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Gill Ventilation ◽  
Daily Excretion ◽  
The Mean

1. Improved estimates of urine flow rates of lampreys in various salinities were obtained by the collection of urine for periods of up to 48 h from minimally-stressed, unanaesthetized fish, following catheterization of the urinogenital papilla. 2. The mean urine flow rate of freshwater lampreys was 200.7 ±14.3 ml kg−1 day−1. 3. Urine flow in freshwater lampreys was correlated with spontaneous changes in gill ventilation rate. MS222 anaesthesia reduced both ventilation and urine flow rates, but pronounced effects were only observed at concentrations greater than those needed to induce light anaesthesia (50–55 mg 1−1). Urine flow rate in unanaesthetized fish was extremely sensitive to rapid (6°Ch−1) changes in temperature and Q10 (6–16°C) was approximately 5. 4. Urine flow rate decreased rapidly as the osmotic difference between the body fluids and environment approached zero, and the rate of flow in 30% seawater lampreys was only 7.6% that of freshwater fish. 5. There was no evidence for an effect of environmental calcium concentration on branchial osmotic permeability. 6. Extensive tubular reabsorption of ions occurred in freshwater lampreys. The total daily excretion rate of sodium ions generally decreased in salinities hyperosmotic to the plasma, indicating enhanced reabsorption, but secretion of magnesium and sulphate ions was greatly increased. Urine osmolarity was significantly increased in lampreys in hyperosmotic salinities. 7. Present data compare favourably with data obtained previously from anaesthetized animals, indicating that renal function in lampreys is not significantly impaired by light MS222 anaesthesia.

The Effects of Branchial Denervation and Pseudobranch Ablation on Cardioventilatory Control in an Air-Breathing Fish

1991 ◽  
Vol 161 (1) ◽  
pp. 347-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID J. McKENZIE ◽  
MARK L. BURLESON ◽  
DAVID J. RANDALL
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Sodium Cyanide ◽  
Air Breathing ◽  
Ventilatory Responses ◽  
Reflex Bradycardia ◽  
Afferent Information ◽  
Gill Ventilation ◽  
Air Ventilation ◽  
Amia Calva

Present address and address for reprint requests: Istituto di Scienze Farmacologiche, via Balzaretti 9, Università di Milano, Milano 20133, Italy. The role of sensory afferent information from the gills of Amia calva in cardiovascular and ventilatory control was investigated by bilateral branchial denervation and pseudobranch ablation. Aquatic hypoxia or 1 mg of sodium cyanide (NaCN) in the water flowing over the gills stimulated bradycardia, and gill and air ventilation in sham-operated fish. Sodium cyanide, noradrenaline (NA) and adrenaline (A) infusion into the dorsal aorta increased gill ventilation, and NA and A infusion also stimulated tachycardia and an increase in blood pressure. Following denervation and pseudobranch ablation, O2 consumption (V·OO2), airbreathing frequency (fAB) and arterial O2 tension (PaOO2) declined, and circulating NA levels increased, as compared with sham-operated fish. Cardiovascular and air-breathing responses to hypoxia were abolished and gill ventilatory responses attenuated. All ventilatory and cardiovascular responses to NaCN were abolished and gill ventilatory responses to NA and A were attenuated in animals following denervation and pseudobranch ablation. These results demonstrate that O2-sensitive chemoreceptors in the gills and pseudobranch control reflex bradycardia and air-breathing responses in Amia, but that gill ventilatory responses to hypoxia, NA and A are partially mediated by extrabranchial mechanisms. Plasma NA levels increased during hypoxia in shamoperated and denervated animals, indicating that circulating NA may have mediated gill ventilatory responses in denervated animals.

scholarly journals Prolonged exposure to low oxygen improves hypoxia tolerance in a freshwater fish

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayla L Gilmore ◽  
Zoe A Doubleday ◽  
Bronwyn M Gillanders
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Hypoxia Tolerance ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Conditions

Lay summary It is poorly understood whether fish can acclimate to prolonged low-oxygen conditions (or hypoxia). Our study shows that prior long-term exposure to low-oxygen conditions improves tolerance to low-oxygen in a freshwater fish. The results of our study aid our understanding of long-term responses of freshwater fish to low-oxygen to hypoxic events.

scholarly journals The endemic and endangered Maugean Skate (Zearaja maugeana) exhibits short-term severe hypoxia tolerance

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea J Morash ◽  
Jeremy M Lyle ◽  
Suzanne Currie ◽  
Justin D Bell ◽  
Kilian M Stehfest ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Cellular Stress Response ◽  
Hypoxia Tolerance ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Environmental Challenges ◽  
Preferred Habitat ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Dissolved O2

Abstract The endangered and range-restricted Maugean skate (Zearaja maugeana) is subjected to large environmental variability coupled with anthropogenic stressors in its endemic habitat, Macquarie Harbour, Tasmania. However, little is known about the basic biology/physiology of this skate, or how it may respond to future environmental challenges predicted from climate change and/or increases in human activities such as aquaculture. These skate live at a preferred depth of 5–15 m where the dissolved oxygen (DO) levels are moderate (~55% air saturation), but can be found in areas of the Harbour where DO can range from 100% saturation to anoxia. Given that the water at their preferred depth is already hypoxic, we sought to investigate their response to further decreases in DO that may arise from potential increases in anthropogenic stress. We measured oxygen consumption, haematological parameters, tissue–enzyme capacity and heat shock protein (HSP) levels in skate exposed to 55% dissolved O2 saturation (control) and 20% dissolved O2 saturation (hypoxic) for 48 h. We conclude that the Maugean skate appears to be an oxyconformer, with a decrease in the rate of O2 consumption with increasing hypoxia. Increases in blood glucose and lactate at 20% O2 suggest that skate are relying more on anaerobic metabolism to tolerate periods of very low oxygen. Despite these metabolic shifts, there was no difference in HSP70 levels between groups, suggesting this short-term exposure did not elicit a cellular stress response. The metabolic state of the skate suggests that low oxygen stress for longer periods of time (i.e. >48 h) may not be tolerable and could potentially result in loss of habitat or shifts in their preferred habitat. Given its endemic distribution and limited life-history information, it will be critical to understand its tolerance to environmental challenges to create robust conservation strategies.

scholarly journals Diversity and origins of anaerobic metabolism in mitochondria and related organelles

2015 ◽  
Vol 370 (1678) ◽  
pp. 20140326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney W. Stairs ◽  
Michelle M. Leger ◽  
Andrew J. Roger
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Anaerobic Metabolism ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Metabolic Potential ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Eukaryotic Diversity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Microbial Eukaryotes ◽  
Sequencing Studies ◽  
Diversity Of Life

Across the diversity of life, organisms have evolved different strategies to thrive in hypoxic environments, and microbial eukaryotes (protists) are no exception. Protists that experience hypoxia often possess metabolically distinct mitochondria called mitochondrion-related organelles (MROs). While there are some common metabolic features shared between the MROs of distantly related protists, these organelles have evolved independently multiple times across the breadth of eukaryotic diversity. Until recently, much of our knowledge regarding the metabolic potential of different MROs was limited to studies in parasitic lineages. Over the past decade, deep-sequencing studies of free-living anaerobic protists have revealed novel configurations of metabolic pathways that have been co-opted for life in low oxygen environments. Here, we provide recent examples of anaerobic metabolism in the MROs of free-living protists and their parasitic relatives. Additionally, we outline evolutionary scenarios to explain the origins of these anaerobic pathways in eukaryotes.

Effects of acoustic telemetry transmitters on gill ventilation rate and haematocrit levels of round goby Neogobius melanostomus

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 416-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Behrens ◽  
J. C. Svendsen ◽  
M. van Deurs ◽  
M. Sokolova ◽  
M. Christoffersen
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Telemetry ◽  
Round Goby ◽  
Ventilation Rate ◽  
Neogobius Melanostomus ◽  
Gill Ventilation

Aerial respiration in the catfish, Corydoras aeneus (Callichthyidae)

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
pp. 1984-1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald L. Kramer ◽  
Martha McClure
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Air Breathing ◽  
Aerial Respiration ◽  
Posterior Intestine ◽  
Partial Pressures

Corydoras aeneus uses the posterior intestine for aerial respiration. Ventilation takes place in a rapid dash to the surface. Air is inspired during the 0.06–0.07 s that the mouth is exposed; expiration occurs via the anus as the fish begins to dive. Air breathing occurs at all dissolved oxygen partial pressures [Formula: see text] from 0 Torr (1 Torr = 133.322 Pa) to at least 140 Torr, but frequency, ranging from 1–45 breaths∙h−1, is negatively correlated with [Formula: see text]. Corydoras aeneus survive at least 9 days without air breathing under normoxic conditions [Formula: see text] but below 15 Torr, only fish able to reach the surface survive. Air-breathing rates are significantly influenced by variations in depth between 10–120 cm but the pattern of response depends on [Formula: see text] and involves changes in activity.

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