Lifetime patterns in adult female mass, reproduction, and offspring mass in semidomestic reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus)

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (12) ◽  
pp. 2047-2055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Rönnegård ◽  
Pär Forslund ◽  
Öje Danell
Keyword(s):  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Average Difference ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Older Mothers ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus Tarandus ◽  
Mass Reproduction ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Old Females

The objective of our investigation was to examine relationships between lifetime patterns of female mass, calving incidence, and offspring mass in semidomestic reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus). The analyses were made on data recorded from 1986 to 1997 on semidomestic reindeer in the herding district of Ruvhten Sijte in Sweden. A female rearing a calf was shown to weigh 3.1 ± 0.3 kg (mean ± SE) less in winter than a female not rearing a calf. The difference in calving incidence between females rearing a calf in the previous year and those not rearing a calf in the previous year was small, but there was a tendency for old females to have a decreased calving incidence if they had reared a calf in the previous year. The average calving percentage for adult females was 73%. Calf masses were affected by both the mother's mass and her age. The regression coefficient of calf autumn mass on female mass the previous winter was 0.26 ± 0.02. Mothers aged 2–4 years had calves that weighed less than calves of older mothers. The average difference in autumn mass between male and female calves was 2.9 ± 0.2 kg, but the difference was less for calves with mothers aged 2–4 years. We obtained lifetime patterns of female mass, calving incidence, and offspring mass. We also gave an organized structure of relationships between these traits.

Adrenal responsiveness of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) to intravenously administered ACTH

2005 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Säkkinen ◽  
J. Tornberg ◽  
P. J. Goddard ◽  
E. Eloranta ◽  
E. Dahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Mature Female ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Maximal Response ◽  
Cortisol Response ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus Tarandus ◽  
The Difference

AbstractPlasma cortisol concentrations were determined from the blood of eight mature female reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) after an intravenous injection of either saline (control) or 100, 250 or 500 μg of synthetic ACTH. Blood samples were collected at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min after the injections. The aims were to determine the appropriate dose of ACTH for adrenal stimulation tests, to define the dose level of ACTH which elicited a maximal cortisol response and to describe the range of blood cortisol concentrations for reference when evaluating the stress responses of reindeer.The mean plasma cortisol concentrations (s.e.) at the zero sample times (t0) of the control and the ACTH treatments varied between 93·4 (11·8) and 132·5 (18·1) nmol/l. The total plasma cortisol response (area under curve, AUC, nmol/l × min) increased with increasing dose of ACTH (P < 0·001). The AUC of the control treatment was significantly smaller than of the ACTH treatments (P < 0·001). The highest dose of ACTH (500 μg) gave a significantly bigger AUC than the lowest dose (100 μg) (P = 0·008). The maximal plasma cortisol concentrations (CMAX) were achieved within 60 min of the ACTH injections. The ranges of individual CMAX were 59·0 to 136·8 nmol/l for the control treatment, and 110·0 to 252·0, 152·0 to 247·5 and 135·1 to 257·1 nmol/l for 100, 250 and 500 μg ACTH, respectively. The difference in CMAX was significant between the control treatment and the ACTH treatments (P < 0·001) but not between the different doses of ACTH. The plasma cortisol concentrations at the end of the observation period at t180 were not significantly affected by the ACTH treatment (P > 0·05).In conclusion, the 100-μg dose of ACTH was sufficient to produce a significant cortisol response compared with the control treatment. Increasing the dose did not increase the maximal response, but tended to elongate the response profile. The blood sampling frequency used in the study was found suitable for detection of the cortisol response in reindeer.

Redescription of three species of Oligonychus (Acari, Tetranychidae) from China

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1071-1106
Author(s):  
Juan Li ◽  
Tian-Ci Yi ◽  
Jian-Jun Guo ◽  
Dao-Chao Jin
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Lanzhou City ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Ma Yuan

Two species of Oligonychus are redescribed: O. baipisongis Ma & Yuan, 1976 and O. chamaecyparisae Ma & Yuan, 1976. Moreover, O. hainanensis Ma, Yuan & Lin, 1979 is here recognized as a junior synonym of O. biharensis (Hirst, 1924), which is also redescribed here based on adult females, males and deutonymphs. The redescription of O. baipisongis is based on holotype and paratypes, the types of O. chamaecyparisae could not be located but the species is described from male and female material collected by En-Pei Ma in 1978 from Lanzhou City, Xi-An City and Xining City. The dorsal setae in O. baipisongis show remarkable sexual dimorphism. The difference between the aedeagi of O. chamaecyparisae and Oligonychus perditus Pritchard & Baker, 1955 are discussed. All three species are diagnosed, illustrated with line drawings and photographs.

scholarly journals Prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes in winter slaughtered reindeer of northern Finland

Rangifer ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackie T. Hrabok ◽  
Antti Oksanen ◽  
Mauri Nieminen ◽  
Peter J. Waller
Keyword(s):  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Reindeer Herding ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus Tarandus ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Low Levels

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and intensity of gastrointestinal nematodes in winter-slaughtered reindeer during 2002-2004, from northern reindeer herding cooperatives in Finland. Ostertagia gruehneri of the abomasum was prevalent with low levels of infections in 100% of calves, (n = 53; mean ≈ 1300 worms per animal) and in 98% of adults, (n = 41; mean ≈ 3900 worms per animal). There was no difference in the number of O. gruehneri between male and female calves. The proportion of O. gruehneri inhibited larvae was significantly higher in calves (81%) than in adult reindeer (39%) (P = 0.005). The intestinal nematodes, Nematodirus tarandi and Nematodirella longispiculata, were detected only in reindeer calves. The numbers of these worms did not differ between male and female calves, but there was a difference in abundance between sites. High prevalence and low intensity of gastrointestinal nematodes characterized the patterns of infection of the reindeer examined in this study. It is assumed that these infections are sub-clinical and would not contribute to productivity losses.Abstract in Finnish / Lyhennelmä:Ruuansulatuskanavan sukkulamatojen esiintyminen talvella teurastetuissa pohjoissuomalaisissa poroissa Tämän työn tavoitteena oli määrittää ruuansulatuskanavan sukkulamatojen prevalenssi ja tartunnan aste talvella teurastetuissa Suomen pohjoisten paliskuntien poroissa vuosina 2002-2004. Juoksutusmahan Ostertagia gruehneri –loisella oli korkea prevalenssi, mutta infektion aste (matojen lukumäärä) oli melko matala; 100% vasoista oli infektoituneita (n = 53; keskimäärin 1300 matoa mahassa) ja 98% aikuisista (n = 41, keskimäärin 3900 matoa). Juoksutusmahamatojen määrissä ei ollut eroja naaras- ja urosvasojen välillä. Kehityksessään estyneiden (pysähtyneiden) O. gruehneri –matojen osuus oli tilastollisesti merkitsevästi korkeampi vasoilla (81%) kuin aikuisilla poroilla (39%) (P = 0.005). Suolistosukkulamatoja Nematodirus tarandi ja Nematodirella longispiculata tavattiin ainoastaan vasoilla. Näiden matojen määrä ei eronnut naaras- ja urosvasojen välillä, mutta maantieteellisiä eroja yleisyydessä havaittiin. Tutkimuksen poroille leimallinen loisten korkea prevalenssi ja matala infektioaste viittaa oireettomuuteen ja siihen, että ne ehkä eivät aiheuta tuotantotappioita. Abstract in Norwegian / Sammendrag: Prosentvis forekomst (prevalens) av rundmark (nematoder) i mage-tarm fra vinterslakta rein i nordlige Finland Studien ble gjennomført på rein (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) fra nordlige reindistrikter i Finland i perioden 2002 til 2004. Rundmarken Ostertagia gruehneri fra løpemagen var vanlig og fantes i lavt infeksjonsnivå (dvs. i relativt lite antall) i alle undersøkte kalver (100% forekomst i 53 dyr med et gjennomsnittlig antall marker per kalv på ca 1300) og i 98% av de 41 undersøkte voksne dyrene der gjennomsnittet per voksent dyr var ca 3900 marker. Andelen med hvilende (inhiberte) larver var statistisk sannsynlig høyere i kalver (81%) enn i voksen rein (39%) (P = 0.05). Tarmnematodene Nematodirus tarandi og Nematodirella longispiculata fantes bare i kalver. Her varierte prosentvis infeksjon fra 25% til 100% i flokkene. Det var ingen forskjell i intensitet (antall mark) mellom han- og hunkalver. Høy prevalens og lav intensitet var det karakteristiske infeksjonsmønsteret i denne studien. Vi antar derfor at infeksjonene er ubetydelige (er subkliniske) og at de ikke vil bidra til produksjonstap.

scholarly journals Antler development in reindeer in relation to age and sex

Rangifer ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amund Høymork ◽  
Eigil Reimers
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Sex Discrimination ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Antler Size ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Suggested Classification ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Antler Development

Yearling male and adult female reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) are similar in size and shape. If sexual clues are hidden, it can be difficult to distinguish between them. Antlers can be a useful aid in classifying yearling males and adult females, depending on whether specific antler characteristics are identifiable for these two groups. We recorded antler characteristics in a domestic reindeer herd (V&aring;g&aring;) and found considerable overlap in antler height, width and circumference between the different age and sex groups. Total tines and number of tine split-offs are use&not;ful for the field biologist when discriminating among adult females, yearling males and 2.5 year-old males. For example, when using the tine split-offs with the suggested classification, 79% of the observed adult females and 76% of the yearling males were classified correctly. The antler height, width and circumference provide other biological dif&not;ferences between groups, but are not easy to use to identify free ranging reindeer. This is due to the great overlap in antler size between the groups and measuring difficulties in a field study situation. Male and female calves have very similar antlers, and only the antler width is possible for sex discrimination, giving 67% accuracy of discriminating between these two groups.

scholarly journals Comparison of Aerodynamic Characteristics During Reading Paragraph Tasks in Normal Male and Female Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 356-362
Author(s):  
Hwa-Young Pyo
Keyword(s):  
Total Duration ◽  
Aerodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Normal Adult ◽  
Voice Disorder ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Difference

Purpose: The present study was performed to compare the aerodynamic characteristics of males and females during reading paragraph task.Methods: Thirty-seven normal adult males (18-30 yrs) and thirty-nine normal adult females (18-34 yrs) were participated in this experiment. They read a part of ‘Gaeul’ paragraph with comfortable phonation, and the reading samples were recorded and analyzed by ‘Running Speech’ program of Phonatory Aerodynamic System (PAS).Results: Phonation time (with voicing) and expiratory airflow duration were significantly longer in females, but measures of inspiratory airflow duration, peak expiratory airflow, expiratory and inspiratory volumes were significantly higher in males. The difference in total duration and peak inspiratory airflow did not show statistical significance.Conclusion: Results revealed that there was a significant gender difference in aerodynamic measures of duration and airflow during the reading paragraph task. In evaluating and intervening aerodynamics of voice and voice disorder patients, we should also consider the gender-different aerodynamic characteristics in continuous speech.

Perceived social support and burden of care of male and female caregivers of patient with schizophrenia

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Narendra Kumar Singh ◽  
Nishant Goyal
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Burden Of Care ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Difference

Background: Schizophrenia is associated with a high familial, social and economic burden. Schizophrenia is also associated with a high level of disability which may create impediments on the social and economic areas of the patients as well as on their respective family networks. Families with schizophrenia may encounter problems such as impairment of health and well being of other family members, restriction of social activities of the family members and shrinking of support from the social network. Aims: The present study examined the difference in perceived social support and burden of care between the male and female caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study examining the difference in perceived social support and burden of care between the male and female caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. The sample consisted of 60 (30 male and 30 female) caregivers of the patients with the diagnosis of schizophrenia as per ICD-10-DCR. Results and Conclusion: This study revealed that male caregivers perceived more social support and less burden of care as compared to female caregivers. Key words: Gender, social support, burden

scholarly journals Possibility of Human Gender Recognition Using Raman Spectra of Teeth

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 3983
Author(s):  
Ozren Gamulin ◽  
Marko Škrabić ◽  
Kristina Serec ◽  
Matej Par ◽  
Marija Baković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectra ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Gender Recognition ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Tooth Type ◽  
Tooth Apex ◽  
The Difference

Gender determination of the human remains can be very challenging, especially in the case of incomplete ones. Herein, we report a proof-of-concept experiment where the possibility of gender recognition using Raman spectroscopy of teeth is investigated. Raman spectra were recorded from male and female molars and premolars on two distinct sites, tooth apex and anatomical neck. Recorded spectra were sorted into suitable datasets and initially analyzed with principal component analysis, which showed a distinction between spectra of male and female teeth. Then, reduced datasets with scores of the first 20 principal components were formed and two classification algorithms, support vector machine and artificial neural networks, were applied to form classification models for gender recognition. The obtained results showed that gender recognition with Raman spectra of teeth is possible but strongly depends both on the tooth type and spectrum recording site. The difference in classification accuracy between different tooth types and recording sites are discussed in terms of the molecular structure difference caused by the influence of masticatory loading or gender-dependent life events.

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