Metabolic costs of sound production in the oyster toadfish, Opsanus tau

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
pp. 830-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Clara P. Amorim ◽  
Marti L McCracken ◽  
Michael L Fine
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Advertisement Call ◽  
Opsanus Tau ◽  
Oyster Toadfish ◽  
Stimulation Of

The energetics of mate calling has been studied in insects, frogs, birds, and mammals, but not in fishes. The oyster toadfish, Opsanus tau, produces a boatwhistle advertisement call using one of the fastest muscles known in vertebrates. Because toadfish will not boatwhistle in a respirometer, we measured oxygen consumption after eliciting sound production by electrically stimulating the sonic swim bladder muscle nerve. Induced sounds were similar to a male calling at a rapid rate. Stimulation of the sonic nerve increased the respiration rate by 40–60% in males, but they became agitated. Repeating the experiment decreased agitation, and in most fish respiration rates approximated control levels by the second or third replication. Elicited sounds and therefore sonic-muscle performance were similar in all repetitions, hence it appears that the increased oxygen consumption in the first trial was caused by the fish's agitation. Controls indicated that electrode implantation and electrical stimulation of the body cavity did not affect the respiration rate. We suggest that allocation of a small amount of the total energy budget to sound production is reasonable in toadfish, and probably most other fish species, because of the small amount of time that the sonic muscles actually contract and their small size (about 1% of body mass).

scholarly journals Grunt variation in the oyster toadfishOpsanus tau: effect of size and sex

PeerJ ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. e1330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Fine ◽  
Tyler D. Waybright
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Advertisement Call ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Fish Size ◽  
Opsanus Tau ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Size Number ◽  
Vocal Activity ◽  
Oyster Toadfish

As in insects, frogs and birds, vocal activity in fishes tends to be more developed in males than in females, and sonic swimbladder muscles may be sexually dimorphic, i.e., either larger in males or present only in males. Male oyster toadfishOpsanus tauL produce a long duration, tonal boatwhistle advertisement call, and both sexes grunt, a short duration more pulsatile agonistic call. Sonic muscles are present in both sexes but larger in males. We tested the hypothesis that males would call more than females by inducing grunts in toadfish of various sizes held in a net and determined incidence of calling and developmental changes in grunt parameters. A small number of fish were recorded twice to examine call repeatability. Both sexes were equally likely to grunt, and grunt parameters (sound pressure level (SPL), individual range in SPL, number of grunts, and fundamental frequency) were similar in both sexes. SPL increased with fish size before leveling off in fish >200 g, and fundamental frequency and other parameters did not change with fish size. Number of grunts in a train, grunt duration and inter-grunt interval were highly variable in fish recorded twice suggesting that grunt parameters reflect internal motivation rather than different messages. Grunt production may explain the presence of well-developed sonic muscles in females and suggests that females have an active but unexplored vocal life.

Functional morphology of toadfish sonic muscle fibers: relationship to possible fiber division

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 2262-2274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Fine ◽  
Barbara Bernard ◽  
Thomas M. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Small Energy ◽  
Opsanus Tau ◽  
Sonic Muscle ◽  
Oyster Toadfish ◽  
Fiber Fragmentation ◽  
Rapid Contraction

Sexually dimorphic sonic muscles, which vibrate the swimbladder for sound production in the oyster toadfish (Opsanus tau), are among the fastest vertebrate muscles. Previous work has shown that sonic muscle fibers are smaller in males, have an unusual morphology, and increase in number and size for life. We now report evidence consistent with the hypothesis that mature, presumably postmitotic, sonic fibers divide, and suggest that division, which returns fibers to small energy-efficient units, is necessary because mitochondria are excluded from the fiber's contractile cylinder. Large fibers, potential candidates for division, develop fragments of contractile cylinder separated by channels of an expanded sarcoplasmic reticulum; these channels can assume the appearance of the sarcoplasm (glycogen granules and mitochondria) beneath the sarcolemma. Measurements indicate that contractile cylinder diameter does not increase with fish size and that diameters are approximately 21% larger in females (p < 0.0001). Fiber fragmentation, possible division, and the presence of smaller fibers with smaller diameter contractile cylinders in males are seen as adaptations for repeated rapid contraction and fatigue resistance during production of the male's courtship boatwhistle call.

scholarly journals THE INSENSITIVITY OF PARAMECIUM TO CYANIDE AND EFFECTS OF IRON ON RESPIRATION

1931 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles S. Shoup ◽  
James T. Boykin
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Iron Content ◽  
Paramecium Caudatum ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Iron Salts ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. The effects of KCN and iron salts on oxygen consumption has been studied in the cell of Paramecium caudatum by manometric methods. 2. KCN solutions of strengths from M/200 to M/10,000 have been shown to produce no decrease in oxygen consumption, but have in most cases produced a very slight increase in the respiration rate. 3. The pH values were found to have little or no effect on these results. 4. Iron salts produce either no effect or a great diminution of oxygen consumption, in no case causing stimulation of rates of respiration. 5. Iron salts in neutral solutions do not penetrate the Paramecium cell nor do they cause so marked an effect as in an acid state. 6. The iron-content of Paramecium was found to be extremely small and not demonstrable by delicate tests. It is believed that iron is not combined in the cell in the form of a respiration-catalyst sensitive to cyanide.

Relationship between motility and oxygen consumption of sperm from the cauda epididymides of the rat

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Murdoch ◽  
R. C. Jones ◽  
V. L. Armstrong ◽  
J. Clulow
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Dibutyryl Camp ◽  
Epididymal Sperm ◽  
Exogenous Substrate ◽  
Individual Effects ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Stimulation Of

The oxygen consumption of rat sperm was low (2.7 µL O2 108 sperm–1h–1) in caudal epidi-dymal semen (CES) when stimulation of motility was avoided. The addition of 1 µL of Krebs Ringer phosphate buffer (KRP) to 40 µL of CES (CES : KRP = 40 : 1) did not activate motility, but stimulated oxygen consumption 2-fold. Inclusion of 1–5 mМ glucose, acetate, pyruvate or lactate in the KRP further stimulated respiration rate (up to 4.3-fold) without activating motility, but respiration was reduced when 2- deoxyglucose replaced energy substrates. Inclusion of dibutyryl cAMP (1 mM) activated sperm motility in all samples and stimulated oxygen consumption 2.9-fold. Dilution of CES at the ratio of CES : KRP = 40 : 1000 also activated sperm motility and stimulated respiration rate 2.9-fold. The combined effect of dibutyryl cAMP and glucose in stimulating respiration was greater than their individual effects. However, the response to cAMP or substrates was not altered by incubation in KRP containing either 0 or 0.5 mM Ca2+. It was concluded that the motility and metabolism of rat epididymal sperm are suppressed in vivo. Respiration can be stimulated by a small (1.025-fold) dilution and further stimulated by the inclusion of energy substrate, without activating motility. However, a larger dilution or inclusion of cAMP activated motility and simultaneously stimulated metabolism, with exogenous substrate being required to stimulate respiration to the maximum rate. This suggests that prior to activation, the rate of oxygen consumption and sperm motility are not coupled.

Temperature dependence and ontogenetic changes of metabolic rate of an endemic earthworm Dendrobaena mrazeki

Biologia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimír Šustr ◽  
Václav Pižl
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ontogenetic Changes ◽  
Earthworm Species ◽  
Lethal Limit ◽  
The Difference

AbstractOntogenetic changes and temperature dependency of respiration rate were studied in Dendrobaena mrazeki, an earthworm species inhabiting relatively warm and dry habitats in Central Europe. D. mrazeki showed respiration rate lower than in other earthworm species, < 70 μl O2 g−1 h−1, within the temperature range of 5–35°C. The difference of respiration rate between juveniles and adults was insignificant at 20°C. The response of oxygen consumption to sudden temperature changes was compared with the temperature dependence of respiratory activity in animals pre-acclimated to temperature of measurement. No significant impact of acclimation on the temperature response of oxygen consumption was found. The body mass-adjusted respiration rate increased slowly with increasing temperature from 5 to 25°C (Q10 from 1.2 to 1.7) independently on acclimation history of earthworms. Oxygen consumption decreased above 25°C up to upper lethal limit (about 35°C). Temperature dependence of metabolic rate is smaller than in other earthworm species. The relationships between low metabolic sensitivity to temperature, slow locomotion and reactivity to touching as observed in this species are discussed.

The spawning of Arenicola marina (L.) III. Maturation and shedding of the Ova

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 771-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. I. D. Howie
Keyword(s):  
Histological Examination ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Arenicola Marina ◽  
Primary Stimulus ◽  
Tissue Extracts ◽  
Internal Stimulus ◽  
Stimulation Of

SUMMARYExperiments are described in which attempts were made to fertilize eggs of the lugworm taken from the coelom. These were unsuccessful except when the eggs were taken from spent or partially spent worms or from worms kept in the laboratory until they were about to spawn. It was concluded from this that maturation of the eggs precedes spawning but only by a matter of hours. That maturation begins in the body cavity was confirmed by histological examination of eggs from partially spent worms and criteria are given for the recognition of immature and mature eggs. Lack of success in previous attempts to fertilize coelomic eggs from non-spawning worms may be because females which are just about to spawn are not obtained by the normal methods of collection. It is suggested that this is due to a change in the behaviour of the worms associated with retention of eggs in the burrow after oviposition. With regard to the stimulation of spawning in female worms, it has been shown that maturation immediately precedes the onset of shedding. This, together with the fact that if eggs undergoing maturation are injected into a nonspawning worm they are shed automatically suggests that the primary stimulus for the onset of shedding is, simply, one which will induce maturation of the eggs.Observations made during the above experiment together with the fact that worms can be induced to shed a few unripe eggs by injection of tissue extracts suggest, however, that spawning is not entirely passive and dependent on maturation. The lipid fraction of tissue extracts stimulates the active uptake of eggs from the coelom but it fails to induce maturation of the eggs and hence the free spawning produced in male worms. While the release of lipid into the body cavity may have some effect on the spawning of female worms (under natural conditions) similar to that previously suggested for males, it cannot provide the primary internal stimulus for spawning.

Evaluation of clinical efficacy of Derinat® in form of spray in practice of district therapist

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
A. P. Babkin ◽  
A. A. Zuikova ◽  
O. N. Krasnorutskaya ◽  
Yu. A. Kotova ◽  
D. Yu. Bugrimov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Pharmacological Action ◽  
The Body ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Acute Respiratory Diseases ◽  
T Helpers ◽  
T Killers ◽  
Stimulation Of

The widespread worldwide spread of acute respiratory diseases is an urgent problem in health care. Expressed polyetiology of respiratory diseases does not allow to limit the use of specific vaccine preparations and dictates the need to use to combat them a variety of non-specific means that stimulate the natural resistance of the human body. The main pharmacological action of sodium deoxyribonucleate is the stimulation of phagocytic activity of T-helpers and T-killers, increasing the functional activity of neutrophils and monocytes/ macrophages, providing regeneration and repair processes in the epithelial component of antiviral protection of the body. Based on the above, the study of the clinical efficacy of Derinat® in the form of spray in the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections is relevant.

Influence of DAFS-25+polizon composition on blood and functional state of liver of steers at fattening

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
Inna R. Kilmetova ◽  
◽  
Igor A. Rodin ◽  
Nazira I. Khayrullina ◽  
Nikolay G. Fenchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional State ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Stimulation Of

Summary. The disbalanced feeding and the uneven distribution of micro- and macroelements in the environment leads to a trace element, in particular hypomelanosis. To accelerate the growth and preservation of young farm animals include in the diet of various biological additives and drugs, which include selenium. For stimulation of weight gain in the livestock industry, as well as for the prevention and treatment of pathological processes in addition to micro - and macrouse amino acids, primarily methionine. The aim of this work was to study the influence of composition of DAFS-25+Polizon on morpho-biochemical parameters of blood and functional state of the liver in fattening bulls of black-motley breed in the conditions of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Experiments using were conducted on bull-calves of black-motley breed of the properties in the properties age from 6 to 15 months. The first experimental group during the experiment was additionally given the composition of DAFS-25+Polizon at a dose of 2 mg/kg, the animals of the control group received a standard diet. To assess the impact of the composition DAFS-25+Polizon on metabolism cattle studied morphological and biochemical indicators of blood and conducted histological examination of the liver. It is established that the use of the composition of DAFS-25+Polizon at a dose of 2 mg/kg increases the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in the experimental group and reduces the amount of white blood cells. The serum content of total protein, phosphorus and calcium increases in the group of experimental animals. Microscopic examination of the liver revealed no changes in the structure of the organ and hepatocytes in the experimental group, whereas in the control group hemodynamic disorders and dystrophic changes in liver cells were observed. Thus, the use of the composition DAFS-25+Polizon at a dose of 2 mg/kg of live weight in fattening bulls black-and-white breed contributes to the increase of redox processes in the body, stimulation of metabolism, prevent the development of liver disorders of cellular mechanisms of metabolism, optimizes the structure of the liver, which generally provides higher productivity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document