Sound production evoked by electrical stimulation of the forebrain in the oyster toadfish

1994 ◽  
Vol 174 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.L. Fine ◽  
M.A. Perini
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Oyster Toadfish ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals Phasic action of the tensor muscle modulates the calling song in cicadas

1996 ◽  
Vol 199 (7) ◽  
pp. 1535-1544
Author(s):  
P Fonseca ◽  
R Hennig
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Motor Units ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Time Correlation ◽  
Calling Song ◽  
Sound Pulse ◽  
Stimulation Of

The effect of tensor muscle contraction on sound production by the tymbal was investigated in three species of cicadas (Tettigetta josei, Tettigetta argentata and Tympanistalna gastrica). All species showed a strict time correlation between the activity of the tymbal motoneurone and the discharge of motor units in the tensor nerve during the calling song. Lesion of the tensor nerve abolished the amplitude modulation of the calling song, but this modulation was restored by electrical stimulation of the tensor nerve or by mechanically pushing the tensor sclerite. Electrical stimulation of the tensor nerve at frequencies higher than 30­40 Hz changed the sound amplitude. In Tett. josei and Tett. argentata there was a gradual increase in sound amplitude with increasing frequency of tensor nerve stimulation, while in Tymp. gastrica there was a sudden reduction in sound amplitude at stimulation frequencies higher than 30 Hz. This contrasting effect in Tymp. gastrica was due to a bistable tymbal frame. Changes in sound pulse amplitude were positively correlated with changes in the time lag measured from tymbal motoneurone stimulation to the sound pulse. The tensor muscle acted phasically because electrical stimulation of the tensor nerve during a time window (0­10 ms) before electrical stimulation of the tymbal motoneurone was most effective in eliciting amplitude modulations. In all species, the tensor muscle action visibly changed the shape of the tymbal. Despite the opposite effects of the tensor muscle on sound pulse amplitude observed between Tettigetta and Tympanistalna species, the tensor muscle of both acts by modulating the shape of the tymbal, which changes the force required for the tymbal muscle to buckle the tymbal.

scholarly journals AUDITORY THRESHOLD CHANGE IN SINGING CICADAS

1994 ◽  
Vol 187 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Hennig ◽  
T Weber ◽  
F Huber ◽  
H Kleindienst ◽  
T Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Auditory Threshold ◽  
Electrophysiological Recording ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Auditory Thresholds ◽  
Hearing Sensitivity ◽  
Auditory Nerves ◽  
Stimulation Of

The hearing sensitivity in singing cicadas is reduced during sound production by a folding of the tympanal membranes. Using electrophysiological recording and nerve stimulation techniques, we have shown an effect of the folded tympanum on the auditory threshold of two species of cicadas, Tibicen linnei and Okanagana rimosa. Auditory thresholds of both species increased by about 20 dB when the tympana folded during singing. In T. linnei the increase in threshold affected the whole frequency range, from 1 to 16 kHz, in a similar way. Electrical stimulation of one or both auditory nerves resulted in a folding of both tympanal membranes in a way very similar to that seen in singing animals. We have demonstrated that a cicada male is able to adjust its auditory threshold within a range of about 20 dB by the tympanal folding mechanism.

Sound Production in a Brazilian Cicada

1969 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-337
Author(s):  
D. J. AIDLEY
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Sound Field ◽  
Sound Intensity ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. Some aspects of the physiology of sound production in the Brazilian cicada Fidicana rana Walker have been investigated. 2. Three types of natural song are described. Singing can also be induced by electrical stimulation of the head. 3. The tymbal muscles are neurogenically activated and contract alternately. 4. The directional properties of the sound field produced by clicking of the tymbal are described, and the physical properties of the system necessary to produce this directionality are discussed. 5. Removal of the abdomen does not decrease the sound intensity during song produced by electrical stimulation, hence it is concluded that the abdominal air sac does not act as a resonant chamber. 6. The means whereby the sound intensity is varied are discussed. 7. A brief account is given of the occurrence of the different types of song in the natural habitat.

Metabolic costs of sound production in the oyster toadfish, Opsanus tau

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
pp. 830-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Clara P. Amorim ◽  
Marti L McCracken ◽  
Michael L Fine
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Advertisement Call ◽  
Opsanus Tau ◽  
Oyster Toadfish ◽  
Stimulation Of

The energetics of mate calling has been studied in insects, frogs, birds, and mammals, but not in fishes. The oyster toadfish, Opsanus tau, produces a boatwhistle advertisement call using one of the fastest muscles known in vertebrates. Because toadfish will not boatwhistle in a respirometer, we measured oxygen consumption after eliciting sound production by electrically stimulating the sonic swim bladder muscle nerve. Induced sounds were similar to a male calling at a rapid rate. Stimulation of the sonic nerve increased the respiration rate by 40–60% in males, but they became agitated. Repeating the experiment decreased agitation, and in most fish respiration rates approximated control levels by the second or third replication. Elicited sounds and therefore sonic-muscle performance were similar in all repetitions, hence it appears that the increased oxygen consumption in the first trial was caused by the fish's agitation. Controls indicated that electrode implantation and electrical stimulation of the body cavity did not affect the respiration rate. We suggest that allocation of a small amount of the total energy budget to sound production is reasonable in toadfish, and probably most other fish species, because of the small amount of time that the sonic muscles actually contract and their small size (about 1% of body mass).

Sound Production By the Cod (Gadus Callarias L.)

Behaviour ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivien M. Brawn
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Peak Frequency ◽  
Short Delay ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Cryptic Coloration ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Aggressive Male ◽  
Stimulation Of

AbstractMale and female cod greater than 37 cm. in total length were heard to produce a low grunting sound in captivity. The sound has a peak frequency of about 50 cycles per second, and a duration of about one fifth of a second. The swimbladder shows features which would increase its value as a sound producing organ if vibrated by the drumming muscles attached to it, but this drumming could not be produced by electrical stimulation of recently killed cod. Cod in captivity most frequently produced sounds in February and March associated with spawning and from September to November when the fish were very aggressive. Sounds associated with spawning increased in frequency after sunset but at other times of the year the sounds ceased at dusk. Grunting sounds made during the threat display of aggressive male and female cod were intimidating if produced within about six inches of the threatened fish. In the spawning season grunts were only made by the males and were used with aggressive behaviour to remove immature females and less vigorous males from the vicinity of dominant males. Grunts accompanied the courtship display of the male and stimulated the female to respond more adequately to the display and to swim upwards to spawn. Males mistakenly mounted by other males grunted and broke up the pairing. Sounds were produced by cod frightened by strange objects, when startled or when fleeing from aggressive cod or a natural predator (Conger conger). Severely frightened cod assumed a cryptic coloration, pressed down on the bottom and were silent even when strongly stimulated. Electrical stimulation of living cod caused some grunts, usually with signs of fear. Grunts accompanying choking were assumed to be involuntary. Aggression with the production of sounds was not used in competitive feeding but stimulation by food increased the frequency of aggressive behaviour after a short delay. Cod rarely grunted when stroked and did not produce sounds at temperatures below 4° C. Cod in a new environment were usually silent.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document