Influence du parasitisme des moules sur l'alimentation des limicoles : exemple de l'Huîtrier pie hivernant dans l'Exe

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (7) ◽  
pp. 1301-1315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Le Dréan-Quénec'hdu ◽  
John D Goss-Custard ◽  
Sarah EA le V dit Durell ◽  
Andy D West ◽  
Loïc Marion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Morphological Parameters ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Feeding Site ◽  
Feeding Sites ◽  
Active Selection ◽  
Meat Content ◽  
Haematopus Ostralegus ◽  
Bird Parasite ◽  
Selection Of

Parasite loads vary among feeding sites in European oystercatchers, Haematopus ostralegus, hibernating in the Exe Estuary, in Great Britain. This variation might be the result of active or passive selection of non-parasitised mussels (Mytilus edulis) because they are the preferred food of the oystercatcher in the area and are also the intermediate hosts of one of the main parasites of the bird. Parasite loads (Renicola sp. and Psilostomum brevicolle) of the mussels were studied in relation to morphological parameters known to influence the choice of prey by the oystercatcher: length of mussel, meat content, and thickness of shell. Smaller mussels generally carry the lightest parasite loads, but the number of metacercariae of the two parasites potentially consumed in a day varies with feeding site and mussel size. Thus, an oystercatcher will ingest fewer metacercariae of Renicola sp. and P. brevicolle by selecting smaller mussels from bank 1, which is one of the least visited sites in the estuary. However, the birds will have to select mussels of 37 mm or more on banks 30 and 31, which are among the most used sites. We suggest that there is no active selection of non-parasitised mussels, but rather a kind of passive selection as the mussels chosen for their energetic value happen to be also the least parasitised.[Journal translation]

From classrooms to Centres: Mary and David Medd’s contribution to postwar school design in Britain

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-264
Author(s):  
Paula Lacomba Montes ◽  
Alejandro Campos Uribe
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Design Process ◽  
School Design ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Learning Spaces ◽  
Close Collaboration ◽  
Innovative Strategies ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Conventional School ◽  
Selection Of

This paper reports on the primary school design processes carried out around the 1940s in the County of Hertfordshire in Great Britain, which later evolved into innovative strategies developed by Mary and David Medd in the Ministry of Education from the late 1950s. The whole process, undertaken during more than three decades, reveals a way of breaking with the traditional spatial conception of a school. The survey of the period covered has allowed an in-depth understanding of how learning spaces could be transformed by challenging the conventional school model of closed rooms, suggesting a new way of understanding learning spaces as a group of Centres rather than classrooms. Historians have thoroughly shown the ample scope of this process, which involved many professionals, fostering a true cross-disciplinary endeavour where the curriculum and the learning spaces were developed in close collaboration. A selection of schools built in the county has been used to typologically analyse how architectural changes began to arise and later flourished at the Ministry of Education. The Medds had indeed a significant role through the development of a design process known as the Built-in variety and the Planning Ingredients. A couple of examples will clarify some of these strategies, revealing how the design of educational space could successfully respond to an active way of learning.

Prescreening in large populations as a tool for identifying elevated CO2-responsive genotypes in plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Shimono ◽  
Graham Farquhar ◽  
Matthew Brookhouse ◽  
Florian A. Busch ◽  
Anthony O'Grady ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Elevated Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Active Selection ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Selection Of

Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (e[CO2]) can stimulate the photosynthesis and productivity of C3 species including food and forest crops. Intraspecific variation in responsiveness to e[CO2] can be exploited to increase productivity under e[CO2]. However, active selection of genotypes to increase productivity under e[CO2] is rarely performed across a wide range of germplasm, because of constraints of space and the cost of CO2 fumigation facilities. If we are to capitalise on recent advances in whole genome sequencing, approaches are required to help overcome these issues of space and cost. Here, we discuss the advantage of applying prescreening as a tool in large genome×e[CO2] experiments, where a surrogate for e[CO2] was used to select cultivars for more detailed analysis under e[CO2] conditions. We discuss why phenotypic prescreening in population-wide screening for e[CO2] responsiveness is necessary, what approaches could be used for prescreening for e[CO2] responsiveness, and how the data can be used to improve genetic selection of high-performing cultivars. We do this within the framework of understanding the strengths and limitations of genotype–phenotype mapping.

Selection of feeding sites by horses at pasture: Testing the anti-parasite theory

2007 ◽  
Vol 108 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 288-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geraldine Fleurance ◽  
Patrick Duncan ◽  
Herve Fritz ◽  
Jacques Cabaret ◽  
Jacques Cortet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Sites ◽  
Selection Of

Great Britain and the United States: Two nations divided by an attitude?

English Today ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Carmen Ebner
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
British English ◽  
Doctoral Thesis ◽  
Linguistic Differences ◽  
The Us ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Similar Search

Having studied attitudes towards usage problems such as the notorious split infinitive or the ubiquitous literally in British English as part of my doctoral thesis, I was intrigued by the sheer lack of scientific studies investigating such attitudes. What was even more intriguing was to discover that the same field and the same usage problems seem to have received a different treatment in the United States of America. While my search for previously conducted usage attitude studies in Great Britain has largely remained fruitless, besides two notable exceptions which I will discuss in detail below (see Section 3), a similar search for American usage attitude studies resulted in a different picture. Considerably more such studies seem to have been conducted in the US than in Great Britain. On top of cultural and linguistic differences between these two nations, it seems as if they also hold different attitudes towards studying attitudes towards usage problems. Now the following question arises: why do we find such contradictory scientific traditions in these two countries? In this paper, I will provide an overview of a selection of American and British usage attitude studies. Taking into account differences between the American and British studies with regard to the number of usage problems studied, the populations surveyed and the methods applied, I will attempt to capture manifestations of two seemingly diverging attitudes towards the study of usage problems. By doing so, I will provide a possible explanation for the lack of attention being paid to usage attitudes in Great Britain.

Active selection of clustering constraints: a sequential approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 1443-1458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Ali Abin ◽  
Hamid Beigy
Keyword(s):  
Sequential Approach ◽  
Active Selection ◽  
Selection Of

Population dynamics of two species of intestinal helminth in oystercatchers (Haematopus ostralegus)

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. Goater ◽  
J. D. Goss-Custard ◽  
C. R. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Paratenic Host ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Intestinal Helminth ◽  
Host Feeding ◽  
Intestinal Helminths ◽  
Host Age ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Second Intermediate Host ◽  
Haematopus Ostralegus

The cestode Micrasomacanthus rectacantha and the trematode Psilostomum brevicolle are the two most common intestinal helminths of oystercatchers, Haematopus ostralegus, on the Exe estuary, England. Each was present in 57 of 60 birds, in numbers ranging from 1 to 9833 and from 1 to 182, respectively. Cockles (Cerastoderma edule) were used as paratenic host by M. rectacantha and as second intermediate host by P. brevicolle. Over 90% of the transmission of M. rectacantha from intermediate hosts occurred in winter, between cockles and juvenile birds. Exposure to M. rectacantha was highest in cockles from muddy sites, where up to 80% of older cockles were infected with 1–14 larvae. Exposure to P. brevicolle was similarly high at one sandy site. Juveniles also made up > 90% of the birds present on the estuary in summer, when significantly more worms were gravid. Estimates based on the numbers of uterine eggs per individual P. brevicolle showed that 8 % of the total Exe population of oystercatchers (ca. 200) contributed 51% of the eggs to the estuary. The results implicate host age, host feeding preference, and host population structure as important factors determining variation in helminth abundance in birds.

scholarly journals Ecological and Behavioral Drivers of Supplemental Feeding Use by Roe Deer Capreolus capreolus in a Peri-Urban Context

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2088
Author(s):  
Federico Ossi ◽  
Nathan Ranc ◽  
Paul Moorcroft ◽  
Priscilla Bonanni ◽  
Francesca Cagnacci
Keyword(s):  
Roe Deer ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Circular Statistics ◽  
Supplemental Feeding ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Feeding Site ◽  
Feeding Sites ◽  
Use Of Resources

Winter supplemental feeding of ungulates potentially alters their use of resources and ecological interactions, yet relatively little is known about the patterns of feeding sites use by target populations. We used camera traps to continuously monitor winter and spring feeding site use in a roe deer population living in a peri-urban area in Northern Italy. We combined circular statistics with generalized additive and linear mixed models to analyze the diel and seasonal pattern of roe deer visits to feeding sites, and the behavioral drivers influencing visit duration. Roe deer visits peaked at dawn and dusk, and decreased from winter to spring when vegetation regrows and temperature increases. Roe deer mostly visited feeding sites solitarily; when this was not the case, they stayed longer at the site, especially when conspecifics were eating, but maintained a bimodal diel pattern of visits. These results support an opportunistic use of feeding sites, following seasonal cycles and the roe deer circadian clock. Yet, the attractiveness of these artificial resources has the potential to alter intra-specific relationships, as competition for their use induces gatherings and may extend the contact time between individuals, with potential behavioral and epidemiological consequences.

Feeding-Site Selection and Foraging Strategies of American Woodcock

The Auk ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 711-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale L. Rabe ◽  
Harold H. Prince ◽  
Donald L. Beaver
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Search Pattern ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Feeding Site ◽  
American Woodcock ◽  
Feeding Sites ◽  
Scolopax Minor ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
Feeding Site Selection

Abstract Live-trapped, adult American Woodcock (Scolopax minor) were tested in a series of laboratory experiments designed to evaluate the role of soil as a proximal cue for selecting feeding sites and to investigate foraging strategies for capturing earthworms (Lumbricidae). Foraging trials were conducted in a circular arena and showed that color, which tends to be correlated with the soil types and moisture regimes preferred by earthworms, was an important proximal cue for selecting feeding sites. Woodcock captured earthworms most efficiently in areas of relatively high prey density, because they used a nonrandom search pattern following an initial capture.

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