The standard energetics of mammalian carnivores: Felidae and Hyaenidae

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (12) ◽  
pp. 2227-2239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian K McNab

Data concerning the energy expenditure of nine species in the family Felidae and one species in the family Hyaenidae are presented, all of which were obtained under standard conditions. An examination of basal rates of metabolism in these felids and in two species reported in the literature indicates that basal rate is primarily correlated with body mass; of these species, nine have a high basal metabolic rate by general mammalian standards, the two exceptions being the margay and jaguarundi. The low basal metabolic rate of the margay may be related to its arboreal habit in association with small muscle mass, but the reason for the low rate in the jaguarundi is unknown. The omnivorous striped hyaena and termitivorous aardwolf have typical mammalian basal rates. Felids that weigh less than 7 kg have slightly low minimal thermal conductances relative to mammals generally; larger species have high conductances. Felids have slightly high body temperatures.

The Condor ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 635-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheldon J. Cooper

Abstract I used behavioral, meteorological, and laboratory metabolism data to calculate daily energy expenditure (DEE) in seasonally acclimatized Mountain Chickadees (Poecile gambeli) and Juniper Titmice (Baeolophus griseus). Analyses of laboratory metabolic data revealed that foraging energy requirements were not significantly higher than alert perching energy requirements. Respective DEE of chickadees and titmice were 48.8 kJ day−1 and 48.3 kJ day−1 in summer and 66.3 kJ day−1 and 98.7 kJ day−1 in winter. DEE as a multiple of basal metabolic rate (BMR) was 2.31 in summer chickadees and 1.91 in summer titmice. DEE was 2.70 times BMR in winter chickadees and 3.43 times BMR in winter titmice. The marked increase in calculated DEE in winter birds compared to summer is in contrast to a pattern of increased DEE in the breeding season for several avian species. These data suggest that winter may be a period of even greater stringency for small birds than previously believed.


1990 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Minghelli ◽  
Y Schutz ◽  
A Charbonnier ◽  
R Whitehead ◽  
E Jéquier

2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 698-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Ruggiero ◽  
E. J. Metter ◽  
V. Melenovsky ◽  
A. Cherubini ◽  
S. S. Najjar ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S526-S527
Author(s):  
G Kornitzer ◽  
J Breton ◽  
P Poinsot ◽  
D Godin ◽  
K Grzywacz ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Crohn’s Disease (CD) is known to affect nutritional status and linear growth in affected children. Patients with CD often have decreased oral intake, malabsorption, and increased intestinal losses. Basal metabolic rate may be affected by chronic inflammation and states of anorexia or malnutrition in these patients. In this study, our aim was to compare the effect of different induction regimens in children with CD on resting energy expenditure (REE) and nutritional status. Methods We recruited patients under 18 years old with new-onset CD or relapse, diagnosed at our centre over a three-year period from July 2016. Patients included had one of the following induction regimens: corticosteroids, exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN), or anti-TNF therapy (Infliximab). REE was assessed at baseline and 6 to 8 weeks after induction. REE (kcal/d) was measured using an open-circuit indirect calorimeter with computerized metabolic cart (Vmax Encore, Vyaire Medical). Secondary outcomes included anthropometrics and clinical and biochemical response, defined by improved wPCDAI and negative inflammatory markers and fecal calprotectin, respectively. Results 17 patients were enrolled and 8 patients excluded (loss to follow-up (n=3), therapeutic change (n=3), revised diagnosis (n=2)). 9 patients completed REE assessments (44.4% anti-TNF (n=4), 44.4% EEN (n=4), 11.1% corticosteroid (n=1)). 3 out of 4 patients on anti-TNF had clinical and biochemical response, while only 1 of 4 patients responded to EEN. For patients in the EEN group, mean BMI change was +0.9 (SD 0.4), compared to +0.4 (SD 1.1) in the anti-TNF group. There was no difference in REE change between treatment groups. Data was then pooled based on response to treatment. 100% of non-responders had increased per cent of predicted REE (REEPP), while 75% of responders decreased their REEPP. Mean REEPP change in non-responders was +12.5% (1, 22) vs. -4.3% (-10, 6) in responders. Figure I. Relationship between REE and weight at baseline and on follow-up in non-responders. Figure II. Relationship between REE and weight at baseline and on follow-up in responders. Conclusion Our results suggest that induction regimen did not impact REE change on follow-up. In our patients, clinical response to therapy was related to a tendency to decrease REE. Patients who did not achieve remission after induction therapy increased their REE. We suspect that this increase in basal metabolic rate is related to persistent inflammation despite improved nutritional status. Further studies with larger patient populations are needed to infer significance and compare subgroups based on body composition.


2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Ho Won Kang ◽  
Sung Pil Seo ◽  
Hee Youn Lee ◽  
Kyeong Kim ◽  
Yun-Sok Ha ◽  
...  

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