Long-term effects of anthropogenic habitat disturbance on a lizard assemblage inhabiting coastal dunes in Argentina

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (9) ◽  
pp. 1653-1660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura E Vega ◽  
Patricio J Bellagamba ◽  
Lee A Fitzgerald
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Habitat Structure ◽  
Coastal Dunes ◽  
Microhabitat Use ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Drastic Reduction ◽  
Anthropogenic Habitat ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Induced Changes

We studied abundance and habitat use in two species of Liolaemus (Squamata: Tropiduridae) at a coastal dune site in eastern Argentina before and 7 years after a road was built at the site. Before disturbance, lizards exhibited similar abundances and a wide segregation in microhabitat use. Liolaemus multimaculatus used flat dunes scarcely covered by Spartina ciliata, while Liolaemus gracilis used the grass Panicum racemosum as cover. After disturbance, the mean number of L. multimaculatus detected by month was significantly less than that observed in the predisturbance period, owing to a drastic reduction in S. ciliata microhabitat patches. The mean number of L. gracilis was similar to that seen during the first period. These differences were clearly linked to habitat loss at the site. We concluded that human impact on the habitat structure of foredunes induced changes in the structure of the lizard assemblage, including shifts in the relative abundance of species and the proportional use of their preferred microhabitats.

IMMEDIATE AND LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF INSECTICIDE APPLICATION ON PARASITOIDS IN JACK PINE STANDS IN QUEBEC

1972 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter W. Price
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Aerial Application ◽  
Insecticide Application ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Adult Parasitoid ◽  
Pine Stands

AbstractParasitoid populations were sampled before, and for 4 years following, an aerial application of the insecticide phosphamidon to control a sawfly outbreak. Adult parasitoid mortality was high because of spraying, but a reservoir of parasitoids in host cocoons remained to repopulate the treated areas. In moister sites the number of species decreased and their relative abundance changed, but moderate numbers of parasitoids remained 4 years after spraying. In a dry site with little ground vegetation, none of the species present before spraying remained by the fourth year.

scholarly journals Trastuzumab in the Treatment of Pregnant Breast Cancer Patients – an Overview of the Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (06) ◽  
pp. 618-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophia S. Goller ◽  
Udo R. Markert ◽  
Karolin Fröhlich
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
The Future ◽  
Systemic Adjuvant Therapy ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Target Agent

AbstractBreast cancer is one of the most common malignancies which appear during pregnancy. Since women are increasingly not giving birth until they are at a more advanced age, it can be assumed that the incidence of pregnancy-related breast cancers will continue to increase in the future. Because of pregnancy-induced changes and conservative diagnosis, these carcinomas are frequently not detected until they are at an advanced stage and thus generally require systemic adjuvant therapy. The available data on optimal chemotherapeutic management are limited. Particularly for the use of the target agent trastuzumab which could crucially contribute to improving the prognosis in the therapy of HER2-overexpressing breast cancer in non-pregnant women, there is a lack of definitive information regarding the profile of action and safety in pregnancy as well as with regard to any long-term effects on the child. Thirty-eight pregnancies on trastuzumab for the treatment of breast cancer were able to be analysed in the literature currently available. Information can be gained from this and conclusions can be drawn which can individualise and decisively improve therapeutic options in the future for the pregnant breast cancer patient.

Long-term outcomes of Gamma Knife radiosurgery in patients with vestibular schwannomas

2011 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 432-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin S. Murphy ◽  
Gene H. Barnett ◽  
Michael A. Vogelbaum ◽  
Gennady Neyman ◽  
Glen H. J. Stevens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Knife ◽  
Gamma Knife Radiosurgery ◽  
Vestibular Schwannomas ◽  
Tumor Control ◽  
Tumor Diameter ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Median Dose ◽  
The Mean

Object The authors sought to determine the long-term tumor control and side effects of Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) in patients with vestibular schwannomas (VS). Methods One hundred seventeen patients with VS underwent GKRS between January 1997 and February 2003. At the time of analysis, at least 5 years had passed since GKRS in all patients. The mean patient age was 60.9 years. The mean maximal tumor diameter was 1.77 ± 0.71 cm. The mean tumor volume was 1.95 ± 2.42 ml. Eighty-two percent of lesions received 1300 cGy and 14% received 1200 cGy. The median dose homogeneity ratio was 1.97 and the median dose conformality ratio was 1.78. Follow-up included MR imaging or CT scanning approximately every 6–12 months. Rates of progression to surgery were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results Of the 117 patients in whom data were analyzed, 103 had follow-up MR or CT images and 14 patients were lost to follow-up. Fifty-three percent of patients had stable tumors and 37.9% had a radiographically documented response. Imaging-documented tumor progression was present in 8 patients (7.8%), but in 3 of these the lesion eventually stabilized. Only 5 patients required a neurosurgical intervention. The estimated 1-, 3-, and 5-year rates of progression to surgery were 1, 4.6, and 8.9%, respectively. One patient (1%) developed trigeminal neuropathy, 4 patients (5%) developed permanent facial neuropathy, 3 patients (4%) reported vertigo, and 7 patients (18%) had new gait imbalance following GKRS. Conclusions Gamma Knife radiosurgery results in excellent local control rates with minimal toxicity for patients with VS. The authors recommend standardized follow-up to gain a better understanding of the long-term effects of GKRS.

scholarly journals Long-Term Effects of Half-Time Photodynamic Therapy on Retinal Sensitivity in Eyes with Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takehito Iwase ◽  
Hirotaka Yokouchi ◽  
Masayasu Kitahashi ◽  
Mariko Kubota-Taniai ◽  
Takayuki Baba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy ◽  
Retinal Sensitivity ◽  
Half Time ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy ◽  
Integrity Assessment ◽  
Minimum Angle ◽  
The Mean

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term effects of half-time photodynamic therapy (PDT) on the retinal sensitivity in eyes with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). Twenty-two eyes of 22 patients with chronic CSC were studied. PDT was applied with full-dose verteporfin and half-time laser duration. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and retinal sensitivity in the central 2 and 10 degrees were evaluated at the baseline, and at 12 and 24 months after the half-time PDT. The retinal sensitivity was determined by Macular Integrity Assessment microperimetry (MAIA, Centervue, Padova, Italy). The results showed that the mean retinal sensitivities in the central 2 and 10 degrees were significantly improved at 12 months (25.6±2.79 dB, median; 26.11 dB, 25.6±2.25 dB, median; 25.65 dB, respectively; P<0.001) and at 24 months (26.3±2.62 dB, median; 27.38 dB, 26.6±2.21 dB, median; 27.45 dB, respectively; P<0.001) after the treatment compared to that at the baseline (19.2±3.93 dB, median; 19.34 dB, 20.9±2.92 dB, median; 20.9 dB, respectively). The BCVA was also significantly improved from 0.18±0.19 median; 0.15 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) units at the baseline to 0.07±0.15 median; 0 logMAR units at 12 months (P<0.001) and to 0.049±0.16 median; -0.039 logMAR units at 24 months (P<0.001). We conclude that half-time PDT results in a significant improvement of the mean central retinal sensitivity for at least 24 months in eyes with chronic CSC. Thus, half-time PDT is beneficial in resolving chronic CSC for a relatively long period.

scholarly journals Current guidelines for nut consumption are achievable and sustainable: a hazelnut intervention

2011 ◽  
Vol 105 (10) ◽  
pp. 1503-1511 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Tey ◽  
R. Brown ◽  
A. Chisholm ◽  
A. Gray ◽  
S. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analogue Scale ◽  
Analogue Scale ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Stage Design ◽  
Regular Consumption ◽  
Optimal Health ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Current Guidelines

Nuts are known for their hypocholesterolaemic properties; however, to achieve optimal health benefits, nuts must be consumed regularly and in sufficient quantity. It is therefore important to assess the acceptability of regular consumption of nuts. The present study examined the long-term effects of hazelnut consumption in three different forms on ‘desire to consume’ and ‘overall liking’. A total of forty-eight participants took part in this randomised cross-over study with three dietary phases of 4 weeks: 30 g/d of whole, sliced and ground hazelnuts. ‘Overall liking’ was measured in a three-stage design: a pre- and post-exposure tasting session and daily evaluation over the exposure period. ‘Desire to consume’ hazelnuts was measured during the exposure period only. Ratings were measured on a 150 mm visual analogue scale. Mean ratings of ‘desire to consume’ were 92 (sd 35) mm for ground, 108 (sd 33) mm for sliced and 116 (sd 30) mm for whole hazelnuts. For ‘overall liking’, the mean ratings were 101 (sd 29) mm for ground, 110 (sd 32) mm for sliced and 118 (sd 30) mm for whole hazelnuts. Ground hazelnuts had significantly lower ratings than both sliced (P ≤ 0·034) and whole hazelnuts (P < 0·001), with no difference in ratings between sliced and whole hazelnuts (P ≥ 0·125). For each form of nut, ratings of ‘overall liking’ and ‘desire to consume’ were stable over the exposure period, indicating that not only did the participants like the nuts, but also they wished to continue eating them. Therefore, the guideline to consume nuts on a regular basis appears to be a sustainable behaviour to reduce CVD.

Effects of bait collection on Nereis virens populations and macrofaunal communities in the Solent, UK

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 703-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.J. Watson ◽  
P. Farrell ◽  
S. Stanton ◽  
L.C. Skidmore
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Nereis Virens ◽  
Community Needs ◽  
General Decline ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Repeat Sampling

The Solent European Marine Sites contain many tiers of habitat and species conservation, but also high levels of bait collection. Effective management strategies must be founded on up-to-date and locally based information from relevant studies of the impacts; these have been lacking for the collection of Nereis virens, a key bait species. The impacts on macrofauna were assessed through two approaches; (a) undug and dug sites in the Solent were compared over two years of repeat sampling; and (b) monitoring the long-term effects of simulated bait collection at an undug site through five years of yearly sampling. Dug sites had significantly higher densities of N. virens, but the mean weight was found to be significantly lower than those collected from the undug sites, but percentage maturity was not different. Organic content and sediment particle sizes differed between sites, and only the presence of gravel had a significant positive correlation with density. No clear patterns of other macrofauna species present were evident, although there was a significantly lower density of the terebellid polychaete Neoamphitrite figulus at the dug sites. Simulated bait collection did not alter overall macrofauna diversity, but certain species were affected. Abundance of N. figulus and the commensal Harmothoë glabra remained consistently lower in the dug area, whilst Cerastoderma edule numbers were reduced initially, but recovered. Numbers of Nephtys hombergii declined in both areas, but at a significantly greater rate in the dug area. A general decline in the abundance of many species, irrespective of digging, occurred over the period. The importance of these changes in Nereis virens populations and in the macrofauna community needs to be investigated prior to any management decisions on collection.

Long-Term Effect of an Oral Health Promotion Program for Schoolchildren after the Interruption of Educational Activities

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Antonio ◽  
A. Kelly ◽  
Daniella Valle ◽  
Roberto Vianna ◽  
Luís Eduardo Quintanilha
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Health Promotion Program ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Oral Health Promotion ◽  
Educational Activities ◽  
Promotion Program ◽  
Gingival Bleeding ◽  
The Mean

This study aimed to verify the long-term effects of an oral-health-promotion program for 203 schoolchildren 24 months after the interruption of educational activities. They were clinically examined to assess dental plaque and gingival bleeding at baseline, immediately after the educational phase (EP), and 12 and 24 months after withdrawal of the EP. The mean plaque scores gradually increased after interruption of the EP,and in the last assessment they were higher than the baseline scores, but similar to the ones verified 12 months after withdrawal of the EP. The mean gingival bleeding scores were maintained after interruption of the EP. However, it was verified that in the last assessment they were lower than the previous evaluations. And, in all analyses, it was far from the baseline mean scores (P &lt; 0.05). Analysis indicated that the duration of the program favorably influenced its outcome.

Long-Term Effects of Middle Ear Tendon Resection on Middle Ear Myoclonic Tinnitus, Hearing, and Hyperacusis

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 343-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Kee Kim ◽  
Jung Mee  Park ◽  
Jung Ju Han ◽  
Yun Min Chung ◽  
Jung Min Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ear ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Vas Scores ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Control

Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic effects of middle ear tendon resection (METR) on middle ear myoclonic tinnitus (MEMT) and to investigate its long-term effects on hearing and hyperacusis. Materials and Methods: Thirty-seven patients with MEMT with a mean age of 33.2 ± 11.8 years were included in this study. METR was performed on all 37 MEMT patients (41 ears) between November 2004 and August 2016. The mean follow-up period was 16.1 months. We examined changes in tinnitus and accompanying stress and depression in patients after surgery, and examined the hearing changes and the occurrence of complications including hyperacusis. Results: After surgery, 34 (91.9%) patients exhibited complete resolution of MEMT during their follow-up period, and 3 patients showed a partial response. The mean Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores for tinnitus severity, the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), and stress index decreased significantly after surgery (p < 0.05, paired t test). No patient developed hearing loss or hyperacusis following surgery. Preexisting hyperacusis even improved in most of the patients with intractable MEMT after surgery. Recurrence of the symptom occurred in only 1 patient, who underwent revision surgery with improvement. We observed 1 case of postoperative delayed facial palsy with complete recovery in 2 weeks. Conclusions: METR seems to be an effective and safe treatment option for intractable MEMT, considering its high control rate of tinnitus and no long-term harmful effects on hearing and hyperacusis.

scholarly journals Long-Term Mootral Application Impacts Methane Production and the Microbial Community in the Rumen Simulation Technique System

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Brede ◽  
Manuela Peukert ◽  
Björn Egert ◽  
Gerhard Breves ◽  
Melanie Brede
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Simulation Technique ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Gene Copy ◽  
Long Term Effects

Methane emissions by ruminants contribute to global warming and result in a loss of dietary energy for the animals. One possibility of reducing methane emissions is by dietary strategies. In the present trial, we investigated the long-term effects of Mootral, a feed additive consisting of garlic powder (Allium sativum) and bitter orange extracts (Citrus aurantium), on fermentation parameters and the microbial community in the rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC) system. The experiment lasted 38 days and was divided into three phases: an equilibration period of 7 days, a baseline period (BL) of 3 days, and experimental period (EP) of 28 days. Twelve fermentation vessels were divided into three groups (n = 4): control (CON), short-term (ST), and long-term (LT) application. From day 11 to day 27, 1.7 g of Mootral was added to the ST vessels; LT vessels received 1.7 g of Mootral daily for the entire EP. With the onset of Mootral application, methane production was significantly reduced in both groups until day 18. Thereafter, the production rate returned to the initial quantity. Furthermore, the short chain fatty acid fermentation profile was significantly altered by Mootral application; the molar proportion of acetate decreased, while the proportions of propionate and butyrate increased. Metabolomic analysis revealed further changes in metabolite concentrations associated with the Mootral supplementation period. The methyl coenzyme-M reductase gene copy number was reduced in the liquid and solid phase, whereas the treatment did not affect the abundance of bacteria. At the end of the BL, Methanomicrobia was the most abundant archaeal class. Mootral supplementation induced an increase in the relative abundance of Methanomassiliicoccales and a reduction in the relative abundance of Methanomicrobia, however, this effect was transient. Abundances of bacterial families were only marginally altered by the treatment. In conclusion, Mootral has the transient ability to reduce methane production significantly due to a selective effect on archaea numbers and archaeal community composition with little effect on the bacterial community.

Long-term effects on renal function and blood pressure of treatment with cisplatin, vinblastine, and bleomycin in patients with germ cell cancer.

1988 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 1728-1731 ◽  
Author(s):  
S W Hansen ◽  
S Groth ◽  
G Daugaard ◽  
N Rossing ◽  
M Rørth
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Cell Cancer ◽  
Germ Cell Cancer ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Mean

Long-term effects of cisplatin on renal function were investigated in 34 patients with germ cell cancer observed for a median of 65 months (range, 43 to 97 months). All patients achieved a complete remission after treatment with cisplatin (median dose 583 mg/m2), vinblastine, and bleomycin. None of the patients relapsed during follow-up. During treatment the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decreased by 18% (P less than .05). During follow-up kidney function recovered in ten patients and partly improved in eight patients. Changes in plasma creatinine did not consistently correspond to alterations in GFR. The mean increase in systolic blood pressure during follow-up did not differ from the increase seen in a group of age-matched healthy men. The mean increase in diastolic pressure, however, was significant (P less than .05), but was entirely due to hypertension observed in six patients. Renography of these patients was normal. We conclude that the decrease in GFR observed during treatment with cisplatin is partly reversible. Cisplatin-treated patients have an increased risk of developing hypertension years after treatment.

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