Health impact of phytohaemagglutinin-induced immune challenge on great tit (Parus major) nestlings

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 905-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peeter Hõrak ◽  
Indrek Ots ◽  
Lea Tegelmann ◽  
Anders Pape Møller
Keyword(s):  
Parus Major ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Great Tit ◽  
Immune Defence ◽  
Immune Challenge ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Cutaneous Response ◽  
Physiological Impact ◽  
Total Resource

Assuming that immune function is resource-limited, it can be expected to compete with other important functions of an organism for the total resource pool, giving rise to trade-offs in resource allocation. To test whether such a trade-off exists between immune defence and growth, the physiological impact of an immune challenge was examined in great tit (Parus major) nestlings, using phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) as a novel antigen. Nestlings injected intradermally with PHA in wing webs at 8 days of age produced a heterophilic response, while their growth was not suppressed in comparison with untreated control siblings. Nestlings that grew poorly produced a weaker cutaneous response to PHA inoculation than well-growing nestlings. These two results suggest that the response to PHA (a measure of the intensity of T-lymphocyte mediated immune responsiveness) is resource demanding, but these resources are not reallocated from those used for growth. This finding can be reconciled with current hypotheses, which propose that the currency in trade-offs between immune response and other demands on the organism is not necessarily energy or macronutrients but may instead be based on immunopathology, carotenoids, or production of free radicals.

Health impact of phytohaemagglutinin-induced immune challenge on great tit (Parus major) nestlings

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 905-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peeter Hõrak ◽  
Indrek Ots ◽  
Lea Tegelmann ◽  
Anders Pape Møller
Keyword(s):  
Parus Major ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Great Tit ◽  
Immune Challenge

Within and between population variations of incubation rhythm of great tits Parus major

Behaviour ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 151 (12-13) ◽  
pp. 1827-1845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Álvarez ◽  
Emilio Barba
Keyword(s):  
Latitudinal Gradient ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Parus Major ◽  
Great Tit ◽  
Central European ◽  
The North ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
First Time ◽  
Incubation Rhythm

Uniparental incubation frequently means that eggs remain unattended for periods where the incubating bird is foraging out of the nest. The determination of incubation rhythms (i.e., the length and temporal pattern of incubation sessions) and the factors which affect them are therefore important to understand life-history trade-offs. We described the incubation rhythm and its temporal variation of a southern European great tit Parus major population, and review previous studies to check for latitudinal trends. In the studied population, females were active (from first exit in the morning to last entrance in the evening) 12.5 h per day, performing incubation sessions (on-bouts) of 26 min and recesses (off-bouts) of 12 min. Thus, they were incubating around 67% of their active day, or 83% of the whole day. Attentiveness (% of time incubating) increased throughout the incubation period, due to shorter off-bouts. The active day was longer as the number of daylight hours increased. We show for the first time in a bird species that attentiveness was constant along a latitudinal gradient ranging from Norway to Spain. Females spend a higher proportion of the daylight hours out of the nest as latitude decreases, compensating incubation time during the longer nights. Off-bouts were shorter in central European populations, increasing towards the north and the south, while on-bouts showed no latitudinal variation.

Great Tit (Parus major)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Gosler ◽  
Peter Clement ◽  
David Christie
Keyword(s):  
Parus Major ◽  
Great Tit

scholarly journals Anyone listening? No evidence for eavesdropping on male singing interactions in the great tit, Parus major

2021 ◽  
Vol 176 ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
Nina Bircher ◽  
Kees van Oers ◽  
Marc Naguib
Keyword(s):  
Parus Major ◽  
Great Tit

scholarly journals First record of Diplotriaena henryi Blanc, 1919 from the coal tit, Parus ater with new report from the great tit, Parus major in the Middle East

2006 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-241
Author(s):  
I. Mobedi ◽  
M. Sehhatisabet ◽  
E. Razmjou ◽  
S. Shafiei
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Parus Major ◽  
First Record ◽  
Great Tit ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Coal Tit ◽  
Parus Ater

AbstractSeven males and thirteen female Diplotriaena henryi Blanc 1919 were collected from body cavities (heart, sternum, and chest) of tits (one Parus major and three Parus ater) in plain woodland of Noor, in Northern Iran.

Degradation of Great Tit (Parus Major) Song Before And After Foliation: Implications for Vocal Communication in a Deciduous Forest

Behaviour ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 141 (8) ◽  
pp. 935-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Blumenrath ◽  
Torben Dabelsteen
Keyword(s):  
Information Transfer ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Vocal Communication ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Parus Major ◽  
Great Tit ◽  
Transmission Experiment ◽  
Distance Information ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

AbstractSongbirds living in temperate forests experience great seasonal changes in habitat acoustics during the part of the breeding season when singing activity is high. These changes, which are brought about by accelerated vegetation growth and leaf burst in spring, affect sound propagation and potentially render vocal communication more difficult as the total number of scattering and absorbing obstacles increases. We investigated this in a sound transmission experiment in which representative great tit (Parus major) songs were broadcast in a typical forest habitat before and after foliation. Speaker and microphone were placed at natural separation distances and in typical sender and receiver positions. For each song note we quantified several aspects of sound degradation and found that they all increased considerably when leaves were present. Before foliation the same amount of degradation would only be obtained by doubling the transmission distance, i.e. foliage shortens the active space of great tit song. This inevitably alters distance information, provided that distance-dependent, structural changes of received songs are used as ranging cues. Moreover, sender and receiver positions within the canopy become unfavourable compared to heights just below the canopy when the aim is to maximise song propagation distances. Altogether, the presence of foliage greatly affects the potential for vocal information transfer in great tits and requires behavioural and/or perceptual adjustment of the communicating individuals to counteract or reduce the impact of foliage on signal degradation.

scholarly journals Extrapair paternity in the great tit (Parus major): a test of the “good genes” hypothesis

1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 388-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Strohbach ◽  
Eberhard Curio ◽  
Andrea Bathen ◽  
Jōrg Epplen ◽  
Thomas Lubjuhn
Keyword(s):  
Parus Major ◽  
Great Tit ◽  
Good Genes ◽  
Extrapair Paternity
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document