Quantitative measurements of dietary and [1-14C]linoleate metabolism in pregnant rats: specific influence of moderate zinc depletion independent of food intake

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (10) ◽  
pp. 1180-1185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jilin Yang ◽  
Stephen C. Cunnane
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Quantitative Measurements ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Zinc Depletion ◽  
Fetal Organs

Our objective was to investigate whether the effects of moderate zinc deficiency on metabolism of linoleate during pregnancy could be distinguished from the effects of low food intake. Rats were force-fed an isoenergetic zinc-deficient (3.2 mg/kg) or control (26.4 mg/kg) semiliquid diet during the second half of pregnancy. Fatty acid quantity and composition in both maternal and fetal organs were analyzed at term. Recovery of 14C in lipid- and water-soluble metabolites from orally injected [1-14C]linoleate was also studied. After 10 days of gavaging identical amounts of the diet, zinc-deficient rats had lower serum zinc and lower uterus and placenta weights than controls, but body weights were similar. At term, zinc-deficient rats had a fatty acid composition in organs and carcass similar to that of the controls, but the zinc-deficient fetuses had lower long-chain n−6 and n−3 polyunsaturates in brain, liver, and carcasses. Lipids extracted from most organs of zinc-deficient rats contained lower 14C levels, but 14C was raised in the maternal carcass lipids and in water-soluble metabolites. We conclude that zinc deficiency during pregnancy increases oxidation of linoleate and decreases synthesis or transport of polyunsaturates to the fetuses and that these effects are independent of depressed food intake, i.e., they are specific to zinc depletion. Thus, zinc deficiency has distinct effects on fatty acid metabolism, which are readily observed using 14C tracer methods.Key words: fetus, linoleic acid, pregnancy, zinc deficiency.

Zinc deficiency impairs whole body accumulation of polyunsaturates and increases the utilization of [1-14C]linoleate for de novo lipid synthesis in pregnant rats

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 1246-1252 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Cunnane ◽  
J. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Whole Body Metabolism ◽  
Zinc Deficient Diet

Zinc deficiency impairs the metabolism of polyunsaturates, but the degree to which its effects are independent of food intake are still in question. Identical amounts of a semiliquid control diet (26.4 mg zinc/kg) or moderately zinc deficient diet (3.2 mg zinc/kg) were tube fed to rats for 11 days during the second half of pregnancy to evaluate the specific effects of zinc deficiency on maternal utilization and fetal accumulation of polyunsaturates. The whole body fatty acid balance method was used to determine net accumulation of polyunsaturates and their whole-body disappearance. Incorporation of 14C from [1-14C]linoleate into maternal and fetal lipid classes was also studied on days 20–21. At term, zinc-deficient rats had significantly higher whole-body disappearance of linoleate and α-linolenate and lower accumulation of n−6 and n−3 long-chain polyunsaturates. Zinc-deficient rats had higher 14C activity in free cholesterol, saturates, and monounsaturates in several maternal organs but not in the fetuses. We conclude that during pregnancy, moderate zinc deficiency not affecting food intake or weight gain still alters whole-body metabolism of linoleate and α-linolenate towards increased β-oxidation and also increases the utilization of carbon from linoleate for de novo lipid synthesis.Key words: cholesterol, linoleate, α-linolenate, oxidation, polyunsaturates, pregnancy, zinc.

Prenatal programming of adult blood pressure: role of maternal corticosteroids

2005 ◽  
Vol 289 (4) ◽  
pp. R955-R962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lori L. Woods ◽  
Douglas A. Weeks
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Glucocorticoid Administration ◽  
Blood Pressures

Both maternal glucocorticoid administration and maternal dietary protein or food restriction in pregnancy cause fewer nephrons and hypertension in the adult offspring. The purpose of these studies was to determine the extent to which nutritional factors contribute to programming of offspring hypertension by maternal glucocorticoids. Pregnant rats were treated with dexamethasone (100 μg·kg−1·d−1sc) on days 1–10 (ED) or days 15–20 (LD) of pregnancy. Additional groups of pregnant animals were pair fed to the early (EDPF) and late (LDPF) dexamethasone-treated groups, and another group was untreated or given vehicle (C). The dams treated with dexamethasone reduced their food intake and lost or failed to gain a normal amount of weight during treatment; body weights of ED dams caught up to normal after the treatment period, whereas those of LD dams did not. In adulthood (∼21 wks), chronically instrumented male offspring of ED had normal blood pressures (125 ± 2 mmHg vs. 126 ± 1 mmHg in C), whereas LD offspring were hypertensive (136 ± 3 mmHg). However, LDPF offspring were equally hypertensive (134 ± 2 mmHg). Glomerular filtration rates normalized to body weight were not significantly different among groups. Qualitatively similar results were found in female offspring. Thus the long-term effects of maternal glucocorticoid administration at this dose on offspring’s blood pressure may, in large part, be accounted for by the reduction in maternal food intake. These data suggest that maternal glucocorticoids and maternal food or protein restriction may, at least in part, share a common mechanism in programming offspring for hypertension. The window of sensitivity of future offspring blood pressure to either maternal insult coincides with nephrogenesis in the rat, suggesting that impaired renal development could play an important role in this programming.

Serum Zinc Levels in Cirrhotic Patients Attending General and Specialty Hospitals, Yangon

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-256
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Zinc Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Serum Zinc Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients ◽  
Cirrhosis Of Liver

Cirrhosis of liver is one of the common medical problem in daily clinical practice and one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Zinc is an essential trace elements for human and plays in many biological roles in the body. Among them, zinc deficiency is thought to be involved in metabolism of ammonia and causes hyperammonia that worsen hepatic encephalopathy. This study aimed to find out the severity of cirrhosis of liver was by Child Turcotte Pugh score and to investigate the associations between serum zinc level and severity of cirrhosis. A hospital-based cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on 78 patients with different underlying causes of cirrhosis of liver at the Medical Units of Yangon General Hospital and Yangon Specialty Hospital. Among the study population, Child grade A was found to be 28.21%, Child grade B was 30.77% and Child grade C was 41.03%. Regarding result of serum zinc level, 62.8% were low level, 28.2% were within normal level and 8.9% were high level. Mean value of serum zinc level in grade A was 0.68 mg/l, grade B was 0.54 mg/l and grade C was 0.48 mg/l (p=0.00). It was found out that there was a high prevalence of zinc deficiency in severe cirrhotic patients. The zinc level was significantly lowest among patients with Child-Pugh C as compare to those with Child-Pugh B and C. Severity of zinc deficiency should be requested for supplementation therapy in cirrhotic patients as to prevent complications such as hepatic encephalopathy, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver failure. Screening for zinc deficiency may need in these patients with more advanced cirrhosis because it seems to be a marker of advanced liver disease and it can be deducted that awareness of serum zinc level among cirrhotic patients is very important in clinical practice.

Roux-en-Y Gastrointestinal Bypass Promotes Activation of TGR5 and Peptide YY

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1262-1267
Author(s):  
Haojun Yang ◽  
Hanyang Liu ◽  
YuWen Jiao ◽  
Jun Qian
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
L Cells ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Gastrointestinal Bypass ◽  
G Protein Coupled

Background: G protein-coupled bile acid receptor (TGR5) is involved in a number of metabolic diseases. The aim of this study was to identify the role of TGR5 after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (GBP). Methods: Wild type and TGR5 knockout mice (tgr5-/-) were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) to establish the obesity model. GBP was performed. The changes in body weight and food intake were measured. The levels of TGR5 and peptide YY (PYY) were evaluated by RT-PCR, Western blot, and ELISA. Moreover, the L-cells were separated from wild type and tgr5-/- mice. The levels of PYY in L-cells were evaluated by ELISA. Results: The body weights were significantly decreased after GBP in wild type mice (p<0.05), but not tgr5-/- mice (p>0.05). Food intake was reduced after GBP in wild type mice, but also not significantly affected in tgr5-/- mice (p>0.05). The levels of PYY were significantly increased after GBP compared with the sham group (p<0.05); however, in tgr5-/- mice the expression of PYY was not significantly affected (p>0.05). After INT-777 stimulation in L-cells obtained from murine intestines, the levels of PYY were significantly increased in L-cells tgr5+/+ (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our study suggests that GBP up-regulated the expression of TGR5 in murine intestines, and increased the levels of PYY, which further reduced food intake and decreased the body weight.

Serum zinc deficiency in patients after gastrectomy for gastric cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsutomu Namikawa ◽  
Shigeto Shimizu ◽  
Keiichiro Yokota ◽  
Nobuhisa Tanioka ◽  
Jun Iwabu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Serum Zinc

scholarly journals Evaluation of Serum Zinc Status of Pregnant Women in the China Adult Chronic Disease and Nutrition Surveillance (CACDNS) 2015

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1375
Author(s):  
Xiao-Bing Liu ◽  
Jia-Xi Lu ◽  
Li-Juan Wang ◽  
Yi-Chun Hu ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Zinc Status ◽  
National Monitoring ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Zinc Nutrition

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate serum zinc status of pregnant women in the China Adult Chronic Disease and Nutrition Surveillance (CACDNS) in 2015–2016. Methods: A total of 7147 apparently healthy pregnant women were randomly selected in 302 national monitoring sites. Information on age, race, residence region, education, pregnancy, and family income per annum was collected, and the concentration of serum zinc was determined. The evaluation of serum zinc status was further performed according to the recommendations by the International Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group (IZiNCG). Results: The median concentration of serum zinc was 858.9 μg/L with an interquartile range (IQR) of 712.9 μg/L and 1048.9 μg/L, while the overall prevalence of zinc deficiency was 3.5% with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 3.0% and 3.9%. Serum zinc status of pregnant women changed greatly in the different categories, particular in pregnancy and family income per annum (p < 0.05), but no significant difference was observed in the prevalence of zinc deficiency (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The lower prevalence of zinc deficiency generally indicated a better zinc status for pregnant women in the CACDNS in 2015–2016. However, a well-designed evaluation system of zinc status for pregnant women should be continually optimized and improved by inducing more parameters such as biochemical, dietary, or functional indicators.

Evidence for glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol anchoring of Toxoplasma gondii major surface antigens

1989 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 4576-4580
Author(s):  
S Tomavo ◽  
R T Schwarz ◽  
J F Dubremetz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Phospholipase C ◽  
Surface Antigens ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Radioactive Label ◽  
Glycosyl Phosphatidylinositol ◽  
Major Surface

The four major surface antigens of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites (P43, P35, P30, and P22) were made water soluble by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC). These antigens were biosynthetically labeled with 3H-fatty acids, [3H]ethanolamine, and [3H]carbohydrates. Treatment of 3H-fatty-acid-labeled parasite lysates with PI-PLC removed the radioactive label from these antigens. A cross-reacting determinant was exposed on these antigens after PI-PLC treatment.

Effect of Changes in Ambient Temperature on Spontaneous Activity, Food Intake and Body Weight of Goldthioglucose-Obese and Nonobese Mice

1957 ◽  
Vol 188 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Fregly ◽  
N. B. Marshall ◽  
J. Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Exposure To Cold ◽  
Running Activity ◽  
Body Weights

Goldthioglucose-obese mice cannot adjust their food intake to meet the increased energy requirements due to cold. At all ambient temperatures above 15°C the spontaneous running activity of these animals is less than that observed for nonobese controls. Activity of obese mice is maximal at 19°C and minimal at 15°C or lower. Body weights decrease during exposure to cold. In contrast to that of obese mice, running activity of nonobese controls is maximal at an ambient temperature of 25°C but nearly ceases at 15°C or lower. The food intake of these animals increases in the cold and remains elevated even at temperatures at which activity decreases. The body weight of nonobese controls is either maintained constant or increases during exposure to cold air.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document