Plasma epinephrine in chronically adrenodemedullated rats: lack of response to acute or chronic exercise

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 1217-1221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Jean ◽  
Gilles Tancrède ◽  
Suzanne Rousseau-Migneron ◽  
André Nadeau
Keyword(s):  
Physical Training ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Stimulation Test ◽  
Physical Conditioning ◽  
Chronic Exercise ◽  
Plasma Epinephrine ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Response To Exercise

Even if it is well established that epinephrine is a hormone originating from the adrenal medullae, the reappearance of circulating epinephrine has been reported in rats a few days after adrenodemedullation. To verify if the extra-adrenal tissue responsible for this epinephrine production can be stimulated, sham-operated or adrenodemedullated rats, either trained or kept sedentary, were submitted to an acute exercise stimulation test. Blood sampling was done before and after the test in precannulated rats for the determination of plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine, and corticosterone levels. Basal epinephrine levels were significantly reduced in trained and sedentary adrenodemedullated rats compared with their sham-operated counterparts. In response to exercise, there was no significant rise in epinephrine levels in both groups of adrenodemedullated rats. The norepinephrine levels in the basal state and in response to exercise were not altered by adrenodemedullation nor by physical conditioning. Basal corticosterone levels were similar between adrenodemedullated and sham-operated animals, either trained or kept sedentary. In response to exercise, corticosterone levels increased significantly in each group of rats but to a lesser extent in both groups of adrenodemedullated animals. These data indicate that the extra-adrenal epinephrine secretion that develops in the absence of adrenal medullae is not influenced by acute exercise nor by physical training.Key words: adrenodemedullation, extra-adrenal epinephrine, rat, physical training, acute exercise.

Physical fitness attenuates leukocyte-endothelial adhesion in response to acute exercise

2006 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 785-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Mills ◽  
Suzi Hong ◽  
Laura Redwine ◽  
Steven M. Carter ◽  
Albert Chiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Endothelial Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Exercise Challenge ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Response To Exercise

Studies suggest that physical fitness promotes cardiovascular health, including improved endothelial function and possibly reduced inflammatory responses to stressors. This study examined the effects of fitness on leukocyte-endothelial adhesion in response to an acute exercise challenge. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) adhesion to human umbilical venous endothelial cells (HUVEC) was examined in 18 more-fit and 19 less-fit individuals [mean age 39 yr (SD 11)] before and after a 20-min treadmill exercise at 65–70% peak oxygen consumption. PBMC were isolated from whole blood (Ficoll-Paque) at rest and immediately after exercise. HUVEC were incubated for 4 h in the presence of cytokines IL-1 and IL-8 to activate endothelial adhesion molecule expression. Fit subjects showed a significant reduction in PBMC-HUVEC adhesion after exercise ( P < 0.01) compared with less-fit subjects, who showed no significant change. Regardless of fitness levels, both at rest and in response to exercise, soluble ICAM-1 in the incubation media attenuated PBMC-HUVEC adhesion by ∼81% ( P < 0.001). The findings indicate that immune cells that demarginate in response to exercise have reduced ability to adhere in individuals who are physically fit, an effect apparently independent of ICAM-1 binding. The findings provide evidence of how physical fitness might protect individuals from inflammatory responses to exercise.

Acute and habitual caffeine ingestion and metabolic responses to steady-state exercise

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 1297-1303 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bangsbo ◽  
K. Jacobsen ◽  
N. Nordberg ◽  
N. J. Christensen ◽  
T. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Metabolic Enzymes ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plasma Epinephrine ◽  
Adrenergic Stimulation ◽  
Caffeine Ingestion ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Response To Exercise

This study compared the exercise catecholamine and metabolic responses to a caffeine challenge in trained subjects before and after a 6-wk period of increased caffeine ingestion. Trained subjects (n = 6) were challenged with 500 mg of caffeine followed by prolonged exercise before and after 6 wk of increased caffeine ingestion (500 mg ingested before each daily run). A control group (n = 6) of trained subjects followed the same protocol except for caffeine ingestion. Acute caffeine ingestion resulted in increased plasma epinephrine and decreased respiratory exchange ratio (RER) during exercise. After 6 wk of caffeine supplementation, the epinephrine response to exercise or caffeine plus exercise was decreased, although the latter still resulted in a lower RER value compared with exercise without caffeine ingestion. Activity of key metabolic enzymes (hexokinase, citrate synthase, phosphorylase, and 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase) from biopsies of the gastrocnemius showed no response to 6 wk of this increased adrenergic receptor stimulation and, on the basis of the lower RER, enhanced fat metabolism. This study suggests that caffeine ingestion by trained subjects causes increases in plasma epinephrine and reduces the RER during exercise. However, habitual stimulation results in a general dampening of the epinephrine response to caffeine or exercise. There was no indication that increased adrenergic stimulation and fat oxidation caused any adaptation in the activity of metabolic enzymes.

Systemic Haemodynamics in Mild Arterial Hypertension before and after Physical Training

1973 ◽  
Vol 45 (s1) ◽  
pp. 145s-149s ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sannerstedt ◽  
H. Wasir ◽  
R. Henning ◽  
L. Werkö
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Blood Pressure Level ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Physical Conditioning ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Before And After

1. Five men with borderline, latent arterial hypertension of the hyperkinetic type were studied haemodynamically at rest and during dynamic exercise before and after a 6-week period of supervised physical training. 2. Tendencies to lower heart rate, cardiac output and arterial blood pressure, both at rest and during a standardized work-load, were observed after the training period, with significant differences between paired observations for the heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure during exercise. The systemic vascular resistance being unchanged, there was a certain trend to an increased widening of the arteriovenous oxygen difference, both at rest and during exercise. 3. The present findings from a small number of subjects indicate that physical conditioning of patients with latent hypertension of the hyperkinetic type contributes to a normalization of their circulation toward a normokinetic one, thereby also normalizing their blood pressure level and achieving a more economic energy expenditure in the cardiovascular system.

scholarly journals Metabolite Patterns of Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease In Response To Exercise

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany R. Bellomo ◽  
Noah L. Tsao ◽  
Hillary Johnston-Cox ◽  
Kamil Borkowski ◽  
Gabrielle Shakt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Arterial Disease ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Individual Response ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Supervised Exercise ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Peripheral Arterial ◽  
Response To Exercise

Abstract Background: The progression of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and the metabolome’s response to supervised exercise therapy (SET) has not yet been investigated. Results: When analyzing individual time points during exercise, we found high levels of anandamide (AEA) before any exercise interventions were associated with a shorter, or worse, walking time. We also found increased arachidonic acid (AA) and decreased levels of AA precursors dihomo-γ-linolenic acid and diacylglycerol before any exercise was associated with shorter walking times. Participants who were able to tolerate large increases in AA during acute exercise had longer, or better, walking times both before and after SET. Significance: We identified two pathways of relevance to individual response to SET: AEA synthesis may increase the activity at endocannabinoid receptors, resulting in worse treadmill test performance. SET may help train patients withstand higher levels of AA and inflammatory signaling, resulting in longer walking times.

Exercise, Physical Conditioning, Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolysis

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (01) ◽  
pp. 063-071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Earl W Ferguson ◽  
M Mason Guest
Keyword(s):  
Prothrombin Time ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Physical Conditioning ◽  
Thrombin Time ◽  
Lysis Time ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Response To Exercise ◽  
Coagulation And Fibrinolysis

SummaryCoagulation and fibrinolysis were evaluated in 29 healthy young male adults before, immediately after and one hour after strenuous exercise on a treadmill. Seven subjects were studied after moderate, prolonged exercise. Fourteen volunteers were tested before and after successful physical conditioning. Measurements included: pulse rate, glass and silicone whole blood clotting times, one-stage prothrombin time, Stypven time, two-stage prothrombin time, prothrombin consumption, partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, fibrinogen, eugiobulin lysis time, antifibrinolysin, hematocrit, and platelet count. Immediately after exercise, a marked increase in fibrinolytic activity and an acceleration of most clotting assays were observed. After physical conditioning there was a decrease in the level of fibrinolytic activity at rest and after exercise, but the reactivity of the fibrinolytic system, i.e., the percent increase in fibrinolytic activity in response to exercise, was unaltered. Following physical conditioning, the clotting times of certain assays were less accelerated.

Immunological Responses to Training in Conditioned Runners

1981 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Hanson ◽  
D. K. Flaherty
Keyword(s):  
Significant Rise ◽  
Lymphocyte Subpopulations ◽  
Chronic Exercise ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Effector Cells ◽  
Immunological Responses ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cytotoxic Effector ◽  
Apparent Adverse Effect

1. We measured the concentrations of leucocyte subpopulations, immunoglobulins and complement in six well-conditioned runners before and after a typical 8-mile (12.8 km) training run at 70–75% of V̇o2 max. 2. Before running all components were within the normal range. Exercise failed to produce a significant rise in neutrophils. There was also no change in immunoglobulins or complement concentrations immediately or 24 h after exercise. Lymphocyte subpopulations were also unchanged except for a progressive rise in antibody-dependent cytotoxic effector cells (K-lymphocytes). 3. These results suggest chronic exercise training has no apparent adverse effect on circulating cellular or humoral immune components in healthy subjects. An increase in K-lymphocytes may provide added host defence capacity during periods of stress, although the mechanism of increase is unexplained.

TGF-β1 gene-race interactions for resting and exercise blood pressure in the HERITAGE Family Study

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 1808-1813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Rivera ◽  
Marcos Echegaray ◽  
Tuomo Rankinen ◽  
Louis Pérusse ◽  
Treva Rice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Family Study ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Acute Response ◽  
Exercise Blood Pressure ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Normotensive Subjects ◽  
Response To Exercise

We examined the possible association between a transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 gene polymorphism in codon 10 and blood pressure (BP) at rest, in acute response to exercise in the pretrained (sedentary) and trained states, as well as in its training response (Δ) to 20 wk of endurance exercise. Subjects were 257 black and 480 white, healthy sedentary normotensive subjects from the HERITAGE Family Study. The polymorphism was detected by polymerase chain reaction and digestion with the Msp A1 I endonuclease yielding a wild (leucine-10) and a mutant (proline-10) allele. Resting and exercise [50 W plus 60, 80, and 100% maximal oxygen consumption (V˙o 2 max)] BP were determined before and after training. Significant ( P < 0.05) race-genotype interactions were found for systolic (S) BP in both the sedentary and trained states. Among whites but not in blacks, the TGF-β1 genotypes were significantly ( P < 0.05) associated with sedentary-state SBP at rest, at 50 W, and at 60 and 100% V˙o 2 max as well as with trained-state SBP at rest and at 80 and 100%V˙o 2 max. The leucine-10 homozygotes had significantly ( P < 0.05) lower SBP than proline-10 homozygotes. ΔBP was not significantly associated with genotype. These results support the hypothesis of an association between the TGF-β1 marker in codon 10 and SBP at rest and in response to acute exercise in whites but not in blacks.

scholarly journals Molecular Choreography of Acute Exercise

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kévin Contrepois ◽  
Si Wu ◽  
Kegan J Moneghetti ◽  
Daniel Hornburg ◽  
Sara Ahadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Molecular Response ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Response To Exercise

AbstractExercise testing is routinely used in clinical practice to assess fitness - a strong predictor of survival - as well as causes of exercise limitations. While these studies often focus on cardiopulmonary response and selected molecular pathways, the dynamic system-wide molecular response to exercise has not been fully characterized. We performed a longitudinal multi-omic profiling of plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells including transcriptome, immunome, proteome, metabolome and lipidome in 36 well-characterized volunteers before and after a controlled bout of acute exercise (2, 15, 30 min and 1 hour in recovery). Integrative analysis revealed an orchestrated choreography of biological processes across key tissues. Most of these processes were dampened in insulin resistant participants. Finally, we discovered biological pathways involved in exercise capacity and developed prediction models revealing potential resting blood-based biomarkers of fitness.

Effects of Physical Training on Stuttering

1968 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 767-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Don Franks ◽  
Elizabeth B. Franks
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Group Therapy ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Physical Stress ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
Endurance Running ◽  
Response To Exercise

Eight college students enrolled in group therapy for stuttering were divided into two equal groups for 20 weeks. The training group supplemented therapy with endurance running and calisthenics three days per week. The subjects were tested prior to and at the conclusion of the training on a battery of stuttering tests and cardiovascular measures taken at rest, after stuttering, and after submaximal exercise. There were no significant differences (0.05 level) prior to training. At the conclusion of training, the training group was significandy better in cardiovascular response to exercise and stuttering. Although physical training did not significantly aid the reduction of stuttering as measured in this study, training did cause an increased ability to adapt physiologically to physical stress and to the stress of stuttering.

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