Adaptation of intestinal glucose transport in rats with diabetes mellitus occurs independent of hyperphagia

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 1143-1148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard N. Fedorak ◽  
Alan B. R. Thomson ◽  
Valerie M. Porter
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Intestinal Absorption ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Transport Capacity ◽  
Ad Libitum

Chronic diabetes enhances intestinal absorption of glucose and induces hyperphagia. We examined the enhanced intestinal absorption of glucose in ad libitum-fed rats with streptozocin-induced diabetes mellitus and compared these results with those obtained from pair-fed diabetic animals. Maximal transport capacity (Vmax) and carrier affinity (K0.5) were determined by measuring jejunal and ileal short circuit current (Isc) responses to varying concentrations of 3-O-methyl-D-glucopyranose and D-glucose. Pair-fed diabetic animals maintained the same body weight as animals fed ad libitum, although ad libitum-fed diabetic rats had an increased oral chow intake. Age-matched control rats maintained a constant jejunal and ileal Vmax and K0.5 throughout the study. Diabetic rats fed ad libitum demonstrated an enhanced Vmax and K0.5 in both jejunum and ileum. Pair feeding diabetic animals further enhanced jejunal Vmax while lowering jejunal K0.5 levels. In contrast, pair feeding diabetic animals delayed and blunted changes in ileal Vmax and prevented changes in ileal K0.5. In conclusion, signals other than those of hyperphagia regulate kinetic changes in glucose absorption during diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, these changes have differing effects on jejunum and ileum.Key words: 3-O-methyl-D-glucose, absorption, streptozocin, pair feeding, ad libitum, hyperphagia, diabetes.

scholarly journals The role of nicotinamide in the correction of renal function in diabetic nephropathy

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-221
Author(s):  
L. V. Yanitskaya ◽  
L. F. Osinskaya ◽  
A. V. Redko
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Cortical Layer ◽  
The Difference

Hyperglycemia of diabetes mellitus leads to the activation of the polyol way of oxidation of glucose with the activation of the enzymes of aldose reductase and sorbitol dehydrogenase and of their coenzymes NADPH and NAD, which triggers the mechanism of formation of sorbitol. The consequences of these changes lead to microangiopathy of the tissues of the kidneys, which may be one of the pathogenetic mechanisms of diabetic nephropathy. In an accessible literature, the role of coenzymes of sorbitol pathway in the development of diabetic nephropathy is not sufficiently defined. The purpose of the study was to study the content of NAD and NADPH coenzymes, their correlation, and their role in the mechanism of kidney damage in diabetes mellitus and to predict the possible correction of these changes with the NAD-nicotinamide derivative. The study was conducted on a model of streptotrozectinic diabetes mellitus (single administration of streptozotocin in a dose of 60 mg per 1 kg of body weight). Four weeks after induction of diabetes, nicotinamide (100 mg per 1 kg body weight) was injected. The level of glucose was determined by the Accu-chek (Roshe Diagnostics, Switzerland) glucose meter. The content of NAD and NADH was determined in the non-protein extracts. The statistical analysis was carried out using the Microsoft Excel statistical analysis program. The difference between the indicators was considered statistically significant (p<0.05). The NAD level was reduced by 31%, the NAD/NADN ratio was 32%. The dependence of the ratio of NADP/NADPN in conditions of hyperglycemia of diabetes mellitus with clinical manifestations of diabetic nephropathy is determined. A decrease in the ratio of NADP/NADPN to 38% in the rat kidney in the cortical layer was detected. The introduction of nicotinamide normalized the reduced content of NAD diabetic rats. These results provide perspectives for further research in which nicotinamide can be used as a renal protector.

INTERRELATIONSHIP OF THE EFFECTS OF ALDOSTERONE AND THYROID HORMONES ON SODIUM TRANSPORT AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF RAT COLON

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. EDMONDS ◽  
B. D. THOMPSON ◽  
JANE MARRIOTT
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Actinomycin D ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Electrical Potential ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Rat Colon ◽  
Electrical Potential Difference ◽  
Influx Rate ◽  
Descending Colon

SUMMARY Transmucosal electrical potential difference (p.d.), short-circuit current, electrical resistance and Na+ influx rate of the descending colon were similar in euthyroid and hypothyroid rats, the latter having been treated earlier with an ablation dose of 131I. However, in contrast to the considerable p.d. increase found in normal rats, little change of p.d. was found in hypothyroid rats when they were Na+ depleted or given an intravenous aldosterone infusion. A single small dose of tri-iodothyronine (T3) (1 μg/100g body weight) or a larger dose of thyroxine given to hypothyroid rats 10–16 h before aldosterone, restored the p.d. response to normal, although these doses did not influence the animal's oxygen consumption. Fasting for 3 days or giving actinomycin D (8 μg/100 g body weight) abolished the effect of T3 but this did not influence the action of aldosterone in euthyroid animals.

scholarly journals Acute Toxicity and Dose Fixation Studies on Chloroxylon swietenia Dc Bark Extracts on Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 8-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Jayaprasad ◽  
P.S. Sharavanan ◽  
R. Sivaraj
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Single Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Toxic Reactions ◽  
Chloroxylon Swietenia

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease with the highest rates of prevalence and mortality worldwide. Chloroxylonswietenia has been used extensively in folkloric medicine. The present study aims to determine the acute toxicity of Chloroxylonswietenia bark methanol (CSBMEt) and aqueous extracts (CSBAEt) (100, 150, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg body weight) and dose fixation of CSBMEt and CSBAEt in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in male albino wistar rats by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (50mg/kg b.w). The diabetic rats were administered with Chloroxylonswietenia bark extracts (CSBMEt and CSBAEt) (75,125 and 250mg/kg b.w) orally by intragastric intubation for 15 days. Acute toxicity studies revealed the non-toxic nature of the CSBMEt and CSBAEt. No lethality or toxic reactions found at any doses until the end of study, whereas 75 and 125 mg/kg b.w. doses of CSBMEt and CSBAEt produce no significant changes in the diabetic rats and 250mg/kg b.w. of CSBMEt and CSBAEt have significant change in the blood glucose. The results conclude that, there was no toxicity observed up to 1000mg/kg b.w. of both the extracts and 250mg/kg b.w. of CSBMEt and CSBAEt can be used as effective dose to treat diabetes.

scholarly journals Anti-hyperglycemic Effects of Diacerein in Alloxan-Induced Diabetes Mellitus in Wistar Albino Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 107-113
Author(s):  
Arsalan Uqaili ◽  
Samia Siddiqui ◽  
Roomi Aijaz ◽  
Yar Muhammad Nizammani ◽  
Navaid Kazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

Objective: To determine the anti-hyperglycemic effects of interleukin-1 inhibitor (diacerein) in alloxan induced diabetic albino wistar rats. This experimental study was performed at the Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tando Jam within 6 months from April 2016 to September 2016. Total of 160 adult Albino Wistar Rats having an average of 200 to 300 grams body weights were selected. Animals were categorized into 4 groups as; Group A (n=15): Control rats – receive 0.9% normal saline as placebo Experimental Groups Group B (n=15): Experimental Control (Diabetic rats) - Alloxan50 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneal. Group C (n=15): Diabetic rats + Diacerein (30 mg/kg/day) orally daily. Group D (n=15): Diabetic rats + Diacerein (50 mg/kg/day) orally daily. Animals were kept and treated as per the NIH Guideline for Use and Care of Laboratory Animals. Diabetes mellitus was induced via a single intraperitoneal injection of 50 milligram/kg alloxan monohydrated dissolved in aseptic 0.9% saline. After 72 hours, blood specimens were taken from the caudal vein of the rats and glucose level>200 mg/dL was taken as diabetes. Experimental rats were given diacerein approximately 30 and 50 mg orally for 6 weeks. At the completion of experiment the body weight was measured of each animal by electronic measuring balance and blood sample was taken from each animal of all groups to assess the blood glucose level and HbA1c level. Data were recorded via self-made proforma and analysis was done by using SPSS version 20. Results: Average body weight of Diabetic control (Group B) was 193.33±22.50 grams, which was lower in contrast to Diacerein treated group C 202.47±25.70 grams and significantly lower as compared to Diacerein treated group D as  212.6±23.43 grams. A significant increase in blood glucose levels 182.07±10.63 mg/dl was noted in the Diabetic control (Group B) compared to Diacerein treated group C (110.13± 8.54 mg/dl) and group D (85.87±8.41 mg/dl) (P=0.001). HbA1c was markedly raised in the Group B- diabetic controls, while diacerein treated diabetic rats (groups C and D) showed a significant decrease in HbA1c (P=0.001). Conclusion: It was concluded that Diacerein achieves the Euglycemic state by reducing the levels of blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in Alloxan-Induced diabetes mellitus in Wistar Albino Rats.

Effects of Kepok Banana Flour on Glucose Level and Physical Performance in Type 2 Diabetic Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 1162 ◽  
pp. 137-143
Author(s):  
Muizza Nur Afifa ◽  
Brian Wasita ◽  
Adi Magna Patriadi Nuhriawangsa
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Banana Flour ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Diabetes mellitus prevalence has rapidly increased globally. Food contains high resistant starch (RS) may be used as a functional food to prevent and control diabetes mellitus. Resistant starch is high in raw bananas and its products such as flour. The study aimed to evaluate effects of Kepok banana flour on blood glucose and physical performance, especially body weight and feed intake in type 2 diabetic rats induced by nicotinamide (NA) and streptozotocin (STZ). Eight-week-old male Wistar rats weighed 150-200 g were randomly divided into nondiabetic and diabetic groups. Nondiabetic group (n=7 rats) was normal control (NC) and fed with standard diet AIN-93M (American Institute of Nutrition Rodent Diets 1993 for adult maintenance), while diabetic groups (n=7 rats each group) consisted of diabetic control (DC) which fed with standard diet and 3 diabetic treatment groups (T1-T3) which fed with AIN-93M containing kepok banana flour with 4%, 8% and 12% of RS respectively for 14 days. After 14 days, mean fasting blood glucose in group T1, T2 and T3 have lower blood glucose than DC significantly (p<0.05) with the highest decrease of blood glucose was on group T3. Mean of body weight in group T1, T2, T3, and NC gained significantly compared to DC group (p<0.05). Feed intake in group T1, T2, T3, and NC were less than DC significantly (p<0.05). Administration of kepok banana flour with 4%, 8% and 12% of RS is able to decrease glucose level, to restore body weight loss and to reduce feed intake in STZ-NA induced type 2 diabetic rats. Kepok banana flour can be proposed as an alternative diet in the management of type 2 diabetes.

Functional and molecular biological evidence of SGLT-1 in the ruminal epithelium of sheep

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (1) ◽  
pp. G20-G27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg R. Aschenbach ◽  
Heike Wehning ◽  
Martina Kurze ◽  
Elisabeth Schaberg ◽  
Hermann Nieper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Ussing Chambers ◽  
Ruminal Epithelium ◽  
Cloned Cdna ◽  
Mucosal Side

Because of the effective catabolism ofd-glucose to short-chain fatty acids by intraruminal microorganisms, the absorption of d-glucose from the rumen was thought to be of minor importance. However, clinical studies suggested that significant quantities of d-glucose are transported from the ruminal contents to the blood. We therefore tested the ruminal epithelium of sheep for the presence of Na+-glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT-1) on both the functional and mRNA levels. In the absence of an electrochemical gradient, 3- O-methylglucose (3-OMG) was net absorbed across isolated ruminal epithelia mounted in Ussing chambers. The net transport of 3-OMG followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics and was sensitive to phlorizin or decreasing Na+concentrations. The mucosal addition of 10 mM d-glucose induced an immediate, phlorizin-sensitive increase in short-circuit current ( Isc). Isccould also be increased by serosal addition of d-glucose or d-mannose, but electrogenic uptake of d-glucose or 3-OMG added on the mucosal side was still detectable after serosal stimulation of Isc. RT-PCR using primers specific for the ovine intestinal SGLT-1 with subsequent TA cloning and sequencing revealed 100% identity between the cloned cDNA and mRNA fragment 187–621 of ovine intestinal SGLT-1. In conclusion, the ruminal epithelium has a high-affinity SGLT-1, which indicates that it maintains the capacity for d-glucose absorption.

Glucose flux from dietary disaccharides: all sugars are not absorbed at equal rates

1991 ◽  
Vol 261 (5) ◽  
pp. G818-G822 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Heitlinger ◽  
B. U. Li ◽  
R. D. Murray ◽  
H. J. McClung ◽  
H. R. Sloan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzyme ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Glucose Flux ◽  
Free Glucose ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Considerable discrepancies exist in the literature regarding the rates of glucose absorption from the common dietary disaccharides, lactose, maltose, and sucrose. This study compared the unidirectional flux of glucose derived from dietary disaccharides with that of their constituent monosaccharides in vitro. Lactose-stimulated short-circuit current (Isc) and mucosal-to-serosal flux (Jm----s) were lower than that of an equimolar glucose-galactose mixture and were phlorizin inhibitable. Maltose- and glucose-stimulated Isc were similar, but Jm----s of glucose derived from the hydrolysis of maltose was lower than that of free glucose. Sucrose-stimulated Isc and Jm----s were similar to that of an equimolar glucose-fructose mixture. Isc and Jm----s of glucose from both maltose and sucrose were phlorizin and acarbose inhibitable. We conclude that the rate of glucose uptake from disaccharides is less than or equal to that of free glucose and is dependent on the glucose source. We speculate that regulation of glucose uptake from disaccharides can occur at three sites: the hydrolytic enzyme, the glucose transporter, and the tight junctions.

Decrease of LRH receptors in the pituitary gland in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

1985 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiichi Tasaka ◽  
Naoki Terakawa ◽  
Ikuya Shimizu ◽  
Shirou Ohtsuka ◽  
Akira Miyake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Serum Concentration ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Medial Basal Hypothalamus ◽  
Serum Lh

Abstract. In studies into the mechanism of anovulation in the diabetic condition, the LRH receptor content of the pituitary gland of rats with diabetes mellitus was determined. Normal female rats weighing 180–200 g were injected iv with either streptozotocin (6 mg/100 g body weight) or vehicle in dioestrus of the oestrous cycle. The rats were sacrificed by decapitation 9 days after treatment, and serum LH concentrations and the LRH content of the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA), and the LRH receptor content of the pituitary gland was determined. The serum concentration of LH and the LRH content of the MBH in diabetic rats were 34.4 ± 4.8 ng/ml (mean ± sem) and 2.05 ± 0.04 ng/MBH, respectively, which were similar to the respective values of normal rats in dioestrus. However, the LRH receptor content of diabetic rats (13.2 ± 3.9 fmol/pituitary) was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than that of normal rats in dioestrus (68.0 ± 7.1 fmol/pituitary) and pro-oestrus (59.4 ± 13.6 fmol/pituitary). These results suggest that anovulation in diabetic rats is at least partly attributable to a low content of LRH receptors in the pituitary gland.

Altered regulation of intestinal ion transport by enteric nerves in diabetic rats

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (3) ◽  
pp. G444-G449 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Perdue ◽  
J. S. Davison
Keyword(s):  
Ion Transport ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Cholinergic Receptor ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Muscarinic Agonist ◽  
Transport Parameters ◽  
Ileal Mucosa ◽  
Enteric Nerves ◽  
Muscarinic Cholinergic

We compared ion transport parameters in isolated ileal mucosa from diabetic rats (8 wk after streptozotocin injection) and littermate controls under basal conditions and in response to electrical transmural stimulation (TS). Stripped ileal mucosa (submucosal plexus intact) was mounted in Ussing flux chambers modified to include stimulating electrodes on opposite sides of the tissue. Under basal conditions unidirectional fluxes of Na+ and Cl- were decreased across mucosa from diabetic rats compared with controls, whereas net fluxes were not significantly different. TS caused a tetrodotoxin (TTX)-sensitive transient increase in short-circuit current (Isc) that was significantly less in tissue from diabetic than control rats. The muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist, atropine, significantly reduced the Isc response to TS in ileum from control but not diabetic rats. In addition, the noncholinergic component of the response was smaller. The muscarinic agonist, Urecholine chloride (bethanechol chloride), caused an increase in Isc that was unaffected by pretreatment with TTX and was the same in tissue from control and diabetic rats. Our results suggest that the intestinal abnormalities that occur in diabetes may include a defect in the regulation of ion transport by enteric nerves resulting in an abnormal ability to respond to luminal and other stimuli.

Inhibitory effect of gymnemic acid on intestinal absorption of oleic acid in rats

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 1017-1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
L F Wang ◽  
H Luo ◽  
M Miyoshi ◽  
T Imoto ◽  
Y Hiji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Intestinal Absorption ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Gymnema Sylvestre ◽  
Gymnemic Acid ◽  
Acid Absorption ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Dose Dependent

Gymnemic acid, a mixture of triterpene glycosides extracted from the leaves of Gymnema sylvestre, is known to inhibit the intestinal absorption of glucose in human and rats. This work examined the effect of gymnemic acid on oleic acid absorption by the method of intestinal perfusion in rats. The results showed the following. (i) Gymnemic acid potently inhibited the absorption of oleic acid in intestine. (ii) This inhibition was dose dependent and reversible. (iii) The extent of inhibition and the recovery progress were extremely similar to that of glucose absorption. (iv) Taurocholate did not affect the inhibitory effect of gymnemic acid on oleic acid absorption, but lowering its concentration facilitated the recovery from the inhibition. (v) The absorption of oleic acid was not affected by other glycosides such as phloridzin, stevioside, and glycyrrhizin. These new findings are important for understanding the roles of gymnemic acid in therapy of diabetes mellitus and obesity.Key words: gymnemic acid, oleic acid, glucose, intestinal absorption, rat.

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