Effect of dietary fibers on glycemia and insulinemia and on gastrointestinal function in rats

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 1265-1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Bégin ◽  
C. Vachon ◽  
J. D. Jones ◽  
P. J. Wood ◽  
L. Savoie
Keyword(s):  
Guar Gum ◽  
Experimental Situation ◽  
Gastrointestinal Function ◽  
Dietary Fibers ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Small Intestinal Transit ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Tract Function ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Insoluble Fiber

The effects of purified and semipurified dietary fiber supplements on glycemia and insulinemia were measured simultaneously with their effects on digestive tract function in the rat. An insoluble fiber (cellulose) and four soluble fibers (guar gum, carboxymethylcellulose, mustard mucilage, and oat β-glucan) were added separately to a fiber-free solid diet and fed to Sprague–Dawley rats for 10 days. Guar gum and oat β-glucan reduced the food intake, whereas cellulose increased it. Guar gum reduced weight gain. Cellulose increased the protein efficiency ratio. After a 13-h fast, glycemia and insulinemia were measured 45, 90, 210, and 360 min after the beginning of a voluntary short meal. Addition of fibers did not change the glycemic response, but soluble fibers significantly decreased insulinemia 45 min after the meal. All fibers significantly delayed gastric emptying, cellulose and mustard mucilage being the most effective. Dry matter contents of the small intestine were increased especially by guar gum and oat β-glucan. All fibers seemed to slow down small intestinal transit and decreased intestinal absorption. In the present experimental situation, both gastric and intestinal components played a role in the hypoinsulinic effect of dietary fibers. The intestinal component appeared to be more determinant for all soluble fibers, except mustard mucilage where the gastric component was more important.Key words: dietary fibers, glycemia, insulinemia, gastrointestinal function, digestion.

scholarly journals Pharmacological comparison of four biopolymeric natural gums as hemostatic agents for management of bleeding wounds: preliminary in vitro and in vivo results

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Himanshu Kushwah ◽  
Nidhi Sandal ◽  
Meenakshi Chauhan ◽  
Gaurav Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Xanthan Gum ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Gum Tragacanth ◽  
Civilian Trauma ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Cytotoxicity Studies

Abstract Background Uncontrolled bleeding is one of the primary reasons for preventable death in both civilian trauma and military battle field. This study evaluates in vitro and in vivo hemostatic potential of four biopolymeric natural gums, namely, gum tragacanth, guar gum, xanthan gum, and gum acacia. In vitro evaluation of whole blood clotting time and erythrocyte agglutination assay were carried out. In vitro cytotoxicity studies with respect to each gum were done in human lymphocytes to ascertain percent cell viability. In vivo hemostatic potential of each gum (as sponge dressing and powder form) was evaluated in Sprague Dawley rats using tail bleeding assay and compared with commercially available hemostatic sponge. Other important parameters like (a) time taken for complete hemostasis, (b) amount of blood absorbed, (c) adherence strength of developed hemostatic dressing(s), (d) incidence of re-bleeding, and (e) survival of animals were also studied. Results Of the four test gums studied, xanthan gum (@3mg/ml of blood) and gum tragacanth (@35mg/ml of blood) were able to clot blood in least time (58.75±6.408 s and 59.00±2.082 s, respectively) and exhibited very good hemostatic potential in vitro. Except for xanthan gum, all other test gums did not exhibit any significant cytotoxicity at different time points till 24 h. In rat tail bleeding experiments, gum tragacanth sponge dressing and powder achieved hemostasis in least time (156.2±12.86 s and 76±12.55 s, respectively) and much earlier than commercially available product (333.3±38.84 s; p˂0.01). Conclusion Results indicate potential of gum tragacanth to be developed into a suitable hemostatic product.

scholarly journals Effects of realimentation on small intestinal morphology and disaccharidase activity in malnutrition Sprague-Dawley rats

2006 ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
Rustadi Sosrosumihardjo ◽  
Agus Firmansyah ◽  
Asri Rasad ◽  
Daldiyono Harjodisastro ◽  
Endi Ridwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Disaccharidase Activity ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Small Intestinal

Dietary Effect of Guar Gum and its Partially Hydrolyzed Product on the Lipid Metabolism and Immune Function of Sprague-Dawley Rats

1999 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 2163-2167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji YAMADA ◽  
Yoko TOKUNAGA ◽  
Atsushi IKEDA ◽  
Ken-ichi OHKURA ◽  
Soichi MAMIYA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

scholarly journals Hyperosmolarity in the small intestine contributes to postprandial ghrelin suppression

2014 ◽  
Vol 306 (12) ◽  
pp. G1108-G1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joost Overduin ◽  
Tracy S. Tylee ◽  
R. Scott Frayo ◽  
David E. Cummings
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Glucose Solution ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Gastric Bypass Surgery ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Macronutrient Composition ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dietary Modifications

Plasma levels of the orexigenic hormone ghrelin are suppressed by meals with an efficacy dependent on their macronutrient composition. We hypothesized that heterogeneity in osmolarity among macronutrient classes contributes to these differences. In three studies, the impact of small intestinal hyperosmolarity was examined in Sprague-Dawley rats. In study 1, isotonic, 2.5×, and 5× hypertonic solutions of several agents with diverse absorption and metabolism properties were infused duodenally at a physiological rate (3 ml/10 min). Jugular vein blood was sampled before and at 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, and 300 min after infusion. Plasma ghrelin was suppressed dose dependently and most strongly by glucose. Hyperosmolar infusions of lactulose, which transits the small intestine unabsorbed, and 3- O-methylglucose (3- O-MG), which is absorbed like glucose but remains unmetabolized, also suppressed ghrelin. Glucose, but not lactulose or 3- O-MG, infusions increased plasma insulin. In study 2, intestinal infusions of hyperosmolar NaCl suppressed ghrelin, a response that was not attenuated by coinfusion with the neural blocker lidocaine. In study 3, we reconfirmed that the low-osmolar lipid emulsion Intralipid suppresses ghrelin more weakly than isocaloric (but hypertonic) glucose. Importantly, raising Intralipid's osmolarity to that of the glucose solution by nonabsorbable lactulose supplementation enhanced ghrelin suppression to that seen after glucose. Hyperosmolar ghrelin occurred particularly during the initial 3 postinfusion hours. We conclude that small intestinal hyperosmolarity 1) is sufficient to suppress ghrelin, 2) may combine with other postprandial mechanisms to suppress ghrelin, 3) might contribute to altered ghrelin regulation after gastric bypass surgery, and 4) may inform dietary modifications for metabolic health.

scholarly journals Identification of transient glycosylation alterations of sialylated mucin oligosaccharides during infection by the rat intestinal parasite Nippostrongylus brasiliensis

2000 ◽  
Vol 350 (3) ◽  
pp. 805-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niclas G. KARLSSON ◽  
Fredrik J. OLSON ◽  
Per-Åke JOVALL ◽  
Ylva ANDERSCH ◽  
Lennart ENERBÄCK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Process ◽  
Nippostrongylus Brasiliensis ◽  
Blood Group Antigens ◽  
Intestinal Infection ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Acetylneuraminic Acid ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Infectious Cycle ◽  
Intestinal Mucins

The sialylation of the oligosaccharides from small-intestinal mucins during a 13-day infectious cycle was studied in Sprague–Dawley rats with the parasite Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. Sialic acid analysis and release, permethylation and analysis by GC-MS of the sialylated oligosaccharides isolated from the ‘insoluble’ mucin complex revealed a relative decrease (4–7-fold) of N-glycolylneuraminic acid compared with N-acetylneuraminic acid just before parasite expulsion. Northern blots showed that this effect was due to the decreased expression of a hydroxylase converting CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid into CMP-N-glycolylneuraminic acid. Analysis of other rat strains showed that this parasite infection also caused the same effect in these animals. Detailed analysis of infected Sprague–Dawley rats revealed four sialylated oligosaccharides not found in the uninfected animals. These new oligosaccharides were characterized in detail and all shown to contain the trisaccharide epitope NeuAc/NeuGcα2-3(GalNAcβ1-4)Galβ1 (where NeuGc is N-glycolyl neuraminic acid). This epitope is similar to the Sda- and Cad-type blood-group antigens and suggests that the infection causes the induction of a GalNAcβ1-4 glycosyltransferase. This model for an intestinal infection suggests that the glycosylation of intestinal mucins is a dynamic process being modulated by the expression of specific enzymes during an infection process.

Immunocytochemical localization of a brush border hydrolase, lactase, in newborn suckling rat jejunum

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 42-43
Author(s):  
László G. Kömüves ◽  
Mary A. Dudley ◽  
Buford L. Nichols
Keyword(s):  
Brush Border ◽  
Secretory Pathway ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
Ultrastructural Localization ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Rat Pups ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Intracellular Compartments ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Coated Carbon

Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH, EC 3.2.1.23), an integral membrane glycoprotein of the small intestinal brush border, converts lactose, the main carbohydrate in milk, to its monosaccharide components. Although the activity of LPH is high in suckling rats, little is known about its distribution within the intracellular compartments of the secretory pathway and brush border. We present the first description of the ultrastructural localization of LPH in the neonatal jejunum of suckling rat pups.Pieces of jejunum from 12- to 14-d-old suckling rat pups from three litters of Sprague- Dawley rats were fixed with 4% freshly prepared paraformaldehyde in 100 mM phosphate buffer, pH=7.40, for 4 h, and stored in 1% paraformaldehyde, at 4°C, until further processing. The samples were sectioned after cryoprotection in 2.3 M sucrose in an RMC MT-7 ultramicrotome equipped with CR21 cryoattachment. Ultrathin cryosections were collected on Formvar-coated, carbon-evaporated nickel grids. The nonspecific binding sites were blocked by 1% heat-inactivated newborn calf serum in 10 mM Trizma buffer, pH=7.60, containing 500 mM NaCl, 0.05% NaN3 and 20 mM glycine (buffer A).

scholarly journals Effects of Curcumin on Bioavailability of Dioxin-Like Pollutants in Rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delei Cai ◽  
Qing Chen ◽  
Jianlong Han ◽  
Yanhua Song ◽  
Zhen Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Detoxification Mechanisms

Abstract In this study, we used Sprague–Dawley rats to observe the intervention effects of curcumin on bioavailability of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs). We reported the bioavailability of tetra- to hexa-chlorinated PCDD/Fs rose gradually, while that of hepta- and octa-chlorinated PCDD/Fs declined, and no obvious change was found in the bioavailability of DL-PCBs. Curcumin markedly reduced the toxic equivalent (TEQ) of PCDD/Fs in rats, illustrating it might competitively inhibit absorption of PCDD/Fs in small intestinal epithelial cells due to the similar chemical structure (diphenyl) between curcumin and PCDD/Fs. Moreover, curcumin was capable of lowering the TEQ of DL-PCBs in the liver of male rats, but caused no changes in female rats. In conclusion, the prominent decline in the bioavailability of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs induced by curcumin may serve as one of the detoxification mechanisms of curcumin for these pollutants.

scholarly journals Functional changes of the small intestine in over- and undernourished suckling rats support the development of obesity risk on a high-energy diet in later life

2007 ◽  
pp. 183-192
Author(s):  
š Mozeš ◽  
z Šefčíková ◽  
Ľ Lenhardt
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Later Life ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Obesity Risk ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Caloric Density ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Small Intestinal

To investigate the relationship between early nutritional experience, ontogeny of the small intestinal functions and predisposition to obesity development, the following experimental models of male Sprague-Dawley rats were used: 1) rats in which the quantity of nutrition was manipulated from birth to weaning (day 30) by adjusting the number of pups in the nest to 4 (SL), 10 (NL) and 16 pups (LL) and 2) littermates of SL, NL and LL rats fed either a standard or a hypercaloric diet from days 80 to 135 of age. The overfed SL pups were overweight after day 15 and became permanently obese, whereas the underfed smaller LL pups, due to accelerated growth and enhanced food intake from day 30 to day 35, attained a body fat level that did not differ from normally fed NL rats. Moreover, a significantly increased duodenal and jejunal alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity was found in SL and LL rats and these acquired somatic and intestinal characteristics persisted from weaning throughout life. Eight weeks of high-energy diet feeding elicited a similar pattern of intestinal response in SL and LL rats that was clearly different from NL rats. Despite energy over-consumption in these three groups, both SL and LL rats still displayed enhanced AP activity and showed a significant increase in protein/DNA ratio accompanied with a significant body fat accretion. These results indicate that the postnatally acquired small intestinal changes induced by over- and undernutrition could be involved in the similar predisposition to obesity risk in later life when caloric density of the diet is raised.

The Effect of Different Dosages of Guar Gum on Gastric Emptying and Small Intestinal Transit of a Consumed Semisolid Meal

2001 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michiel A. van Nieuwenhoven ◽  
Eva M.R. Kovacs ◽  
Robert-Jan M. Brummer ◽  
Margriet S. Westerterp-Plantenga ◽  
Fred Brouns
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Intestinal Transit ◽  
Small Intestinal Transit ◽  
Small Intestinal

scholarly journals Emu Oil Reduces Small Intestinal Inflammation in the Absence of Clinical Improvement in a Rat Model of Indomethacin-Induced Enteropathy

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne M. Abimosleh ◽  
Cuong D. Tran ◽  
Gordon S. Howarth
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Disease Activity Index ◽  
Intestinal Damage ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Emu Oil ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Nsaid Enteropathy ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Normal Controls

Nonsteroidal-anti-inflammatory-drug (NSAID) enteropathy is characterized by small intestinal damage and ulceration. Emu Oil (EO) has previously been reported to reduce intestinal inflammation.Aim. We investigated EO for its potential to attenuate NSAID-enteropathy in rats.Methods. Male Sprague Dawley rats (n=10/group) were gavaged with Water, Olive Oil (OO), or EO (0.5 mL; days 0–12) and with 0.5 mL Water or the NSAID, Indomethacin (8 mg/kg; days 5–12) daily. Disease activity index (DAI), 13C-sucrose breath test (SBT), organ weights, intestinal damage severity (IDS), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were assessed.P<0.05was considered significant.Results. In Indomethacin-treated rats, DAI was elevated (days 10–12) and SBT values (56%) and thymus weight (55%) were decreased, relative to normal controls. Indomethacin increased duodenum (68%), colon (24%), SI (48%), caecum (48%), liver (51%) and spleen (88%) weights, IDS scores, and MPO levels (jejunum: 195%, ileum: 104%) compared to normal controls. Jejunal MPO levels were decreased (64%) by both EO and OO, although only EO decreased ileal MPO (50%), compared to Indomethacin controls.Conclusions. EO reduced acute intestinal inflammation, whereas other parameters of Indomethacin-induced intestinal injury were not affected significantly. Increased EO dose and/or frequency of administration could potentially improve clinical efficacy.

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