Bile salt dependent bile flow in the rabbit: evidence for the importance of an amiloride inhibitabie pathway

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 1316-1320 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Strasberg ◽  
R. G. Ilson ◽  
C. E. Bear
Keyword(s):  
Bile Salt ◽  
Bile Flow ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Sodium Taurocholate ◽  
Electrolyte Transport ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Electrolyte Secretion ◽  
Dependent Flow ◽  
Secretion Rates ◽  
Salt Secretion

Bile salt dependent flow and electrolyte secretion in response to two bile salts were studied in awake rabbits. It was found that sodium glycodeoxycholate had a much greater choleretic and cholioneretic efficiency than sodium taurocholate. The effect of the bile salts on flow and electrolyte secretion was not linear across the range of bile salt secretion rates studied. When amiloride was administered significant decreases in choleretic and cholioneretic efficiencies occurred, but furosemide had no effect. It is concluded that bile salts stimulate electrolyte transport via amiloride inhibitable cellular processes, and that this electrolyte transport is in part responsible for bile salt dependent bile flow.

Taurocholate, but not taurodehydrocholate, increases biliary permeability to sucrose

1983 ◽  
Vol 245 (5) ◽  
pp. G651-G655 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Reichen ◽  
M. Le
Keyword(s):  
Bile Salt ◽  
Bile Flow ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Biliary Tree ◽  
Secretory Rate ◽  
Plasma Ratio ◽  
Dose Dependent Fashion ◽  
Dose Dependent Increase ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Salt Secretion

To determine whether bile salts alter the permeability of the biliary tree to inert solutes, we investigated the effects of taurocholate and taurodehydrocholate on [14C]sucrose bile-to-plasma ratio in the situ perfused rat liver. Sucrose bile-to-plasma ratio remained virtually constant over a 3-h period in untreated rats. Infusing increasing amounts of taurocholate produced the anticipated dose-dependent increase in bile flow and bile salt secretion up to a maximal secretory rate of 278 nmol X min-1 X g liver-1. When the secretory rate was exceeded, bile flow decreased by 22%. Even at doses below the maximal secretory rate, sucrose bile-to-plasma ratio increased in a dose-dependent fashion. To determine whether this was due to recruitment of more permeable centrizonal hepatocytes, the effect of equimolar amounts of taurodehydrocholate was determined. This nonmicelle-forming bile salt led to more marked choleresis than taurocholate but did not affect sucrose bile-to-plasma ratio. We conclude that taurocholate, but not taurodehydrocholate, leads to a dose-dependent increase in biliary permeability.

Effect of Lysine Acetylsalicylate on Biliary Lipid Secretion in Dogs

1975 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Erlinger ◽  
Dominique Bienfait ◽  
Renee Poupon ◽  
Micheline Dumont ◽  
M. Duval
Keyword(s):  
Bile Salt ◽  
Bile Flow ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Biliary Lipid ◽  
Cholesterol Gallstones ◽  
Cholesterol Saturation ◽  
Parallel Increase ◽  
Lysine Acetylsalicylate ◽  
Cholesterol Secretion ◽  
Salt Secretion

1. The influence of lysine acetylsalicylate on bile flow, erythritol clearance and bile salt, phospholipid and cholesterol secretion in bile was studied in unanaesthetized dogs fitted with a Thomas duodenal cannula. 2. Lysine acetylsalicylate induced a marked increase in bile flow and a parallel increase in erythritol clearance although the bile salt secretion remained unchanged; this suggests that the compound stimulated the formation of the canalicular (hepatocytic) bile salt-independent fraction of bile flow. 3. Lysine acetylsalicylate induced a significant decrease in biliary phospholipid and cholesterol secretion and the cholesterol saturation of bile was significantly reduced. 4. It is postulated that the decrease in phospholipid and cholesterol secretion resulted from the dilution of intracanalicular bile salts. This effect of lysine acetylsalicylate, and possibly of other bile salt-independent choleretics, may be of value in the treatment of cholesterol gallstones in man.

Analysis of the components of bile flow in the rhesus monkey

1975 ◽  
Vol 228 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
SM Strasberg ◽  
RG Ilson ◽  
KA Siminovitch ◽  
D Brenner ◽  
JE Palaheimo
Keyword(s):  
Bile Salt ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Bile Flow ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Secretion Rate ◽  
Group A ◽  
Flow Components ◽  
Secretion Rates ◽  
Salt Secretion

Bile flow studies were performed in three groups of awake rhesus monkeys. In the first group, the increase in bile flow stimulated by secretin was not accompanied by an increase in erythritol-14C clearance. Resection of the gastric antrum and small intestine in the second group resulted in stable bile flow at fixed bile salt secretion rates. Linear regression lines for bile flow versus bile salt secretion rate and erythritol-14C clearance versus bile salt secretion rate were parallel, and the Y-axis intercept for the latter was consistently higher than for the former. We concluded that erythritol-14C clearance equals canalicular flow, and ductular reabsorption is constant at all bile salt secretion rates in this species. Bile flow was studied during fasting and feeding, over 6 days, in the third group. A model incorporating four bile flow components was developed and tested by multivariate regression analysis. The data fit the model quite well, explaining greater than 90% of the variation in bile flow. A method of measuring the contribution to bile flow of each of the four components is provided.

scholarly journals Selective biliary lipid secretion at low bile-salt-output rates in the isolated perfused rat liver. Effects of phalloidin

1986 ◽  
Vol 237 (1) ◽  
pp. 301-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Rahman ◽  
R Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Bile Salt ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Isolated Perfused Rat Liver ◽  
Perfused Rat Liver ◽  
Biliary Lipid ◽  
Perfusion Fluid ◽  
Lipid Secretion ◽  
Rat Livers ◽  
Secretion Rates ◽  
Salt Secretion

At high bile-salt-secretion rates the biliary secretion of phospholipids and cholesterol is dependent on that of the bile salts. However, at low bile-salt outputs some secretion remains. Isolated perfused rat livers were used in these experiments in order to study the bile-salt-independent secretion of biliary lipids. The livers were isolated and saline (0.9% NaCl), or phalloidin dissolved in saline, was added to the perfusion fluid after 1 h of liver isolation. The concentration and output of cholesterol was significantly decreased in phalloidin-treated livers compared with the controls, whereas there was no significant decrease in phospholipids; the secretion of cholesterol and phospholipids can thus be uncoupled from each other by the action of phalloidin. These experiments suggest that a proportion of cholesterol gets into bile independently of bile salts and phospholipids. These findings are discussed in relation to the supersaturation of some biles with cholesterol and its relationship to the bile-salt-independent fraction of cholesterol.

Effect of intestinal resection on bile salt absorption in dogs

1965 ◽  
Vol 208 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Playoust ◽  
Leon Lack ◽  
I. M. Weiner
Keyword(s):  
Bile Salt ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Enterohepatic Circulation ◽  
Sodium Taurocholate ◽  
Intestinal Resection ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Salt Absorption ◽  
Complete Failure ◽  
Fat Meal

The efficiency of intestinal absorption of bile salts was evaluated by studying the rate of disappearance of radioactivity from the bile of dogs after the intravenous administration of sodium taurocholate-24-C14. Bile was sampled through an indwelling tube in the gall bladder. One day after a high-fat meal normal dogs retained 48% of the radioactivity; dogs with resection of the jejunum retained 48%, whereas those with resection of the ileum retained only 3% in the bile. This is consistent with previous observations that the ileum is the site of bile salt absorption in vitro and in anesthetized animals. Animals with resection of the ileum exhibited significant steatorrhea; however, three-fourths of the ingested fat was absorbed in spite of almost complete failure to absorb bile salts. This indicates that fat and bile salts are not normally absorbed together. Elimination of enterohepatic circulation of bile salts by resection of the ileum contributes to the observed steatorrhea.

Effect of glycodihydrofuisidate on sulfobromophthalein transport maximum in the hamster

1976 ◽  
Vol 231 (6) ◽  
pp. 1875-1878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Delage ◽  
M Dumont ◽  
S Erlinger
Keyword(s):  
Bile Salt ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Sodium Taurocholate ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Biliary Secretion ◽  
Biliary Lipid ◽  
Lipid Secretion ◽  
Dye Transport ◽  
Cholesterol Secretion

The effect on sulfobromophathalein transport maximum (Tm) and biliary lipid secretion of sodium glyco-24,25-dihydrofusicate, a micelle-forming compound secreted into bile, has been studied in the hamster and compared to that of a physiological bile salt, sodium taurocholate. Biliary phospholipid and cholesterol secretion increased both during glycodihydrofusidate and taurocholate administration, an observation which suggest that both compounds increased th biliary secretion of micelle-forming compounds. In contrast, only taurocholate increased sulfobromophthalein Tm into bile, while glycodihydrofusidate administration decreased it. This observation suggests that the increase in sulfobromophthalein Tm observed during taurocholate administration is not the result of micellar sequestration. It could rather be the consequence of a specific effect of bile salts on the dye transport system.

Effects of essential fatty acid deficiency on enterohepatic circulation of bile salts in mice

2009 ◽  
Vol 297 (3) ◽  
pp. G520-G531 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Lukovac ◽  
E. L. Los ◽  
F. Stellaard ◽  
E. H. H. M. Rings ◽  
H. J. Verkade
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Bile Salt ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Essential Fatty Acid ◽  
Bile Flow ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Enterohepatic Circulation ◽  
Synthesis Rate ◽  
Bile Production ◽  
Deficient Mice

Essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency in mice has been associated with increased bile production, which is mainly determined by the enterohepatic circulation (EHC) of bile salts. To establish the mechanism underlying the increased bile production, we characterized in detail the EHC of bile salts in EFA-deficient mice using stable isotope technique, without interrupting the normal EHC. Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) has been proposed as an important regulator of bile salt synthesis and homeostasis. In Fxr −/− mice we additionally investigated to what extent alterations in bile production during EFA deficiency were FXR dependent. Furthermore, we tested in differentiating Caco-2 cells the effects of EFA deficiency on expression of FXR-target genes relevant for feedback regulation of bile salt synthesis. EFA deficiency-enhanced bile flow and biliary bile salt secretion were associated with elevated bile salt pool size and synthesis rate (+146 and +42%, respectively, P < 0.05), despite increased ileal bile salt reabsorption (+228%, P < 0.05). Cyp7a1 mRNA expression was unaffected in EFA-deficient mice. However, ileal mRNA expression of Fgf15 (inhibitor of bile salt synthesis) was significantly reduced, in agreement with absent inhibition of the hepatic bile salt synthesis. Bile flow and biliary secretion were enhanced to the same extent in EFA-deficient wild-type and Fxr −/− mice, indicating contribution of other factors besides FXR in regulation of EHC during EFA deficiency. In vitro experiments show reduced induction of mRNA expression of relevant genes upon chenodeoxycholic acid and a selective FXR agonist GW4064 stimulation in EFA-deficient Caco-2 cells. In conclusion, our data indicate that EFA deficiency is associated with interrupted negative feedback of bile salt synthesis, possibly because of reduced ileal Fgf15 expression.

scholarly journals Acute effects of cholestatic and choleretic bile salts on vasopressin- and glucagon-induced hepato-biliary calcium fluxes in the perfused rat liver

1992 ◽  
Vol 283 (2) ◽  
pp. 575-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Hamada ◽  
A Karjalainen ◽  
B A Setchell ◽  
J E Millard ◽  
F L Bygrave
Keyword(s):  
Bile Salt ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Bile Flow ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Perfused Rat Liver ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Calcium Fluxes ◽  
Principal Effect

The effects were investigated of the choleretic bile salt glycoursodeoxycholate (G-UDCA) and of the cholestatic bile salt taurochenodeoxycholate (T-CDCA) on changes in perfusate Ca2+, glucose and oxygen and in bile calcium and bile flow induced by the administration of (a) vasopressin, (b) glucagon and (c) glucagon plus vasopressin together to the perfused rat liver [Hamada, Karjalainen, Setchell, Millard & Bygrave (1992) Biochem. J. 281, 387-392]. G-UDCA itself increased the secretion of calcium in the bile several-fold, but its principal effect was to augment each of the above-mentioned metabolic events except glucose and oxygen output; particularly noteworthy was its ability to augment the ‘transients’ in bile calcium and bile flow seen immediately after the administration of vasopressin with or without glucagon. T-CDCA, by contrast, produced opposite effects and attenuated all of the parameters measured, and in particular the transients in bile calcium and bile flow. The data provide evidence of a strong correlation between calcium fluxes occurring on both the sinusoidal and the bile-canalicular membranes and that all are modifiable by glucagon, Ca(2+)-mobilizing hormones and bile salts.

Biliary Inter-Relationship between Phospholipid, Bilirubin and Taurocholate in the Anaesthetized Rat

1984 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 499-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. García-Marín ◽  
A. Esteller
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Bile Flow ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Mixed Micelle ◽  
Enterohepatic Circulation ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Sodium Taurocholate ◽  
Micelle Formation ◽  
Mixed Micelle Formation ◽  
Anaesthetized Rat

1. The interference between biliary phospholipid and bilirubin secretion was investigated in rats with bile fistulae, under conditions of normal and maximal bilirubin secretion. The enterohepatic circulation of bile salts was interrupted and the animals received infusions of sodium taurocholate, a micelle-forming physiological bile salt. 2. Sodium taurocholate infusion (0.19 μmol min−1 100 g−1 body weight) induced an increase in bile flow and phospholipid secretion, while basal bilirubin secretion was not increased. 3. Bilirubin infusion (0.26 μmol min−1 100 g−1 body weight) induced a decrease in basal and taurocholate-stimulated phospholipid secretion. Biliary mixed micelle formation was presumably altered during bilirubin infusion, although bile taurocholate concentration, taurocholate secretion rate and bile flow were not modified. 4. When sodium taurocholate was infused during bilirubin-decreased phospholipid secretion, this secretion was restored but maximal biliary bilirubin secretion was not increased. 5. These results provide circumstantial evidence for the hypothesis that mixed micelle formation is not an important determinant of maximal bilirubin transport into bile.

How does bile salt penetration affect the self-assembled architecture of pluronic P123 micelles? – light scattering and spectroscopic investigations

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (30) ◽  
pp. 19977-19990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arpita Roy ◽  
Niloy Kundu ◽  
Debasis Banik ◽  
Jagannath Kuchlyan ◽  
Nilmoni Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Light Scattering ◽  
Bile Salt ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Triblock Copolymer ◽  
Sodium Taurocholate ◽  
Sodium Deoxycholate ◽  
The Self ◽  
Spectroscopic Investigations ◽  
Pluronic P123 ◽  
Supramolecular Aggregate

The triblock copolymer of the type (PEO)20–(PPO)70–(PEO)20 (P123) forms a mixed supramolecular aggregate with different bile salts, sodium deoxycholate (NaDC) and sodium taurocholate (NaTC), having different hydrophobicity.

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