The effects of nitrous oxide on the developing hamster embryos

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 1229-1232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravindra M. Shah ◽  
David N. Burdett ◽  
David Donaldson
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Teratogenic Effects ◽  
Limb Defects ◽  
Effect Relationship

Pregnant hamsters were exposed to different concentrations of nitrous oxide during the period of organogenesis. Teratogenic effects were observed in a small but significant number of fetuses. Types of malformations included cleft palate, limb defects, gut herniation, and fetal edema. A dose–effect relationship was not observed. It is not clear from our observations whether the observed effect on the fetuses was due to the excess of nitrous oxide, hypoxia, or a combination of both. Comparison with published literature indicates that further studies on the effects of nitrous oxide in placental animals are needed.

Teratogenic effects of diazepam in the hamster

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 556-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravindra M. Shah ◽  
David Donaldson ◽  
David Burdett
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Teratogenic Effects ◽  
Effect Relationship ◽  
Limb Anomalies ◽  
Intravenous Treatment ◽  
Intravenous Diazepam ◽  
Different Doses

Pregnant hamsters were treated with different doses of oral and intravenous diazepam during the period of organogenesis. Teratogenic effects of diazepam were observed following oral treatment on days 8 and 10 and following intravenous treatment on day 11 of gestation. Types of malformations included cleft palate, exencephaly, limb anomalies, and hemorrhage. A dose–effect relationship was not observed. Comparison with reported literature seems to indicate that diazepam may be a mild teratogen in some species.

Exogenous creatine delays anoxic depolarization and protects from hypoxic damage: dose–effect relationship

1999 ◽  
Vol 816 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Balestrino ◽  
Renata Rebaudo ◽  
Gianluigi Lunardi
Keyword(s):  
Dose Effect ◽  
Damage Dose ◽  
Effect Relationship ◽  
Anoxic Depolarization

Clinically derived dose–effect relationship for hyperthermia given in combination with low-dose radiotherapy

1986 ◽  
Vol 59 (697) ◽  
pp. 81-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. van der Zee ◽  
G. C. van Rhoon ◽  
J. L. Wike-Hooley ◽  
H. S. Reinhold
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Effect Relationship ◽  
Low Dose Radiotherapy

Clinical Strategy for Optimal Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Herbal Dose Selection in Disease Therapeutics: Expert Consensus on Classic TCM Herbal Formula Dose Conversion

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (08) ◽  
pp. 1515-1524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin-Hua Zha ◽  
Li-Sha He ◽  
Feng-Mei Lian ◽  
Zhong Zhen ◽  
Hang-Yu Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Expert Consensus ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Herbal Formula ◽  
Dose Selection ◽  
Effect Relationship ◽  
Weight Measurement ◽  
Relationship Of

The clinical therapeutics of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) constitutes a complicated process which involves theory, diagnosis, and formula prescription with specific herbal dosage. Zhang Zhong-Jing’s classic work, Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases, has been influencing TCM practice for almost 2000 years. However, during this extended period of time in Chinese history, the Chinese weight measurement system experienced noticeable changes. This change in the weight measurement system inevitably, and perhaps even negatively, affected TCM herbal dosage determination and treatment outcome. Thus, in modern society, a full understanding of the accuracy of herbal dose selection has a critical importance in the TCM daily practice of delivering the best treatment to the patients suffering from different illnesses. In the 973 Project of the Chinese National Basic Research Program, expert consensus on classic TCM formula dose conversion has been reached based on extensive literature review and discussion on the dose–effect relationship of classic TCM formulas. One “liang” (两) in classic TCM formulas is equivalent to 13.8[Formula: see text]g. However, based on many TCM basic and clinical studies of variable herbal formula prescriptions and herbal drug preparations, the rule of one liang equals 13.8[Formula: see text]g should be adjusted according to different disease conditions. Recommended by the committee on TCM formula dose–effect relationship of the China Association of Chinese Medicine and the World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies, the following expert consensus has been reached: (i) One liang converts to 6–9[Formula: see text]g for the severely and critically ill patients. (ii) One liang converts to 3–6[Formula: see text]g for the patients suffering from chronic diseases. (iii) One liang converts to 1–3[Formula: see text]g in preventive medicine. The above conversions should be used as a future TCM practice guideline. Using this recommended guideline should enhance the effectiveness of daily TCM practice.

Dose–effect relationship in children's psychotherapy services.

1999 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark S. Salzer ◽  
Leonard Bickman ◽  
E. Warren Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Dose Effect ◽  
Effect Relationship ◽  
Children's Psychotherapy ◽  
Psychotherapy Services

scholarly journals Characteristics and dose‐effect relationship of clinical gamma‐hydroxybutyrate intoxication: A case series

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madelaine Abid ◽  
Jana Kietzerow ◽  
Stefanie Iwersen‐Bergmann ◽  
Tino Schnitgerhans ◽  
Hilke Andresen‐Streichert
Keyword(s):  
Case Series ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Effect Relationship ◽  
Gamma Hydroxybutyrate ◽  
Relationship Of

JAK2/STAT3 in role of arsenic-induced cell proliferation: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shugang Li ◽  
Shanshan Ran ◽  
Qingxin Ren
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Arsenic Exposure ◽  
Malignant Cell ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Exposure Concentration ◽  
Effect Relationship

Abstract Objectives Malignant cell proliferation is one of the important mechanisms of arsenic poisoning. A large number of studies have shown that STAT3 plays an important role in cell malignant proliferation, but there are still many contradictions in the effect of arsenic on JAK2/STAT3. This study aims to explore the role of JAK2/STAT3 in arsenic-induced cell proliferation. Methods By taking normal cells as the research object and using Standard Mean Difference (SMD) as the effect size, meta-analysis was used to explore the effect of arsenic on JAK2/STAT3. Then, the dose-effect Meta was used to further clarify the dose-effect relationship of arsenic on JAK2/STAT3. Results Through meta-analysis, this study found that arsenic could promote the phosphorylation of STAT3 (SMD=4.21, 95%CI [1.05, 7.37]), and increase IL-6 and p-JAK2, Vimentin, VEGF expression levels, thereby inducing malignant cell proliferation. In addition, this study also found that arsenic exposure dose (<5 μmol m−3), time(<24 h) and cell type were important sources of heterogeneity in the process of exploring the effects of arsenic on p-STAT3, IL-6 and p-JAK2. Dose-effect relationship meta-analysis results showed that arsenic exposure significantly increased the expression level of IL-6. When the arsenic exposure concentration was less than 7 μmol m−3, the expression level of p-JAK2 upregulated significantly as the arsenic exposure concentration gradually increasing. Moreover, the expression level of p-STAT3 elevated significantly with the gradual increase of the arsenic concentration under 5 μmol m−3 of arsenic exposure, but the expression level of p-STAT3 gradually decreases when the concentration is greater than 5 μmol m−3. Conclusions Exposure to low dose of arsenic could promote the expression of JAK2/STAT3 and induce the malignant proliferation of cells through upregulating IL-6, and there was dose-effect relationship among them.

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