The Anticonvulsant Properties of Isonicotinic Acid Hydrazide and Associated Changes in γ-Aminobutyric Acid Metabolism

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 959-965 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Wood ◽  
S. J. Peesker
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Isonicotinic Acid ◽  
Acid Hydrazide ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Isonicotinic Acid Hydrazide ◽  
Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Anticonvulsant Action ◽  
Drug Mixture ◽  
The Brain

The administration of isonicotinic acid hydrazide and pyridoxine to chicks prior to their being exposed to oxygen at high pressure brought about a delay in the onset of the hyperbaric-oxygen-induced seizures in the birds. The hydrazide was the active anticonvulsant component of the drug mixture but pyridoxine was necessary to prevent seizures induced by the hydrazide itself shortly after its administration. The anticonvulsant action of the drug mixture developed relatively slowly but lasted for several hours and correlated well with concomitant changes in the concentration of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain. No similar correlation was observed between the anticonvulsant action and the activity of either glutamic acid decarboxylase or GABA-α-oxoglutarate aminotransferase.

A dual mechanism for the anticonvulsant action of aminooxyacetic acid

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Wood ◽  
S. J. Peesker
Keyword(s):  
Isonicotinic Acid ◽  
Acid Hydrazide ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Aminooxyacetic Acid ◽  
Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Decarboxylase Activity ◽  
Anticonvulsant Action ◽  
Gaba Metabolism ◽  
Dual Mechanism ◽  
The Brain

The intramuscular injection of aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA) into mice elevated the concentration of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain, inhibited glutamic acid decarboxylase activity and delayed the onset of isonicotinic acid hydrazide induced seizures. Analyses of these results and of those obtained previously by the authors and other workers indicated that the anticonvulsant action of AOAA involved two mechanisms. One, involving GABA metabolism, was most effective 6 h after AOAA administration, and the other, not involving GABA, was maximally effective 1.5 h after AOAA injection and was completely absent after 6 h. Depending on the convulsant agent under study, the mechanism of the anticonvulsant action of AOAA was purely of the GABA type, purely of the non-GABA type or a combination of both types.

Development of an Anticonvulsant Agent Based on its Effect on γ-Aminobutyric Acid Metabolism

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 1217-1218 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Wood ◽  
S. J. Peesker ◽  
J. I. M. Urton
Keyword(s):  
Hyperbaric Oxygen ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Isonicotinic Acid ◽  
Acid Hydrazide ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Isonicotinic Acid Hydrazide ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Anticonvulsant Agent

The administration of isonicotinic acid hydrazide (2.2 mmol/kg) plus pyridoxine (4.4 mmol/kg) to chicks 14–18 h prior to exposure to hyperbaric oxygen provided excellent protection against the onset of oxygen-induced seizures in the birds.

ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITY OF ISONICOTINIC ACID HYDRAZONE DERIVATIVES USING MES, scPTZ AND ROTOROD NEUROTOXICITY MODELS

2018 ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
Sinha R ◽  
Singh UVS ◽  
Khosa RL ◽  
Jain J
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Capillary Tube ◽  
Isonicotinic Acid ◽  
Acid Hydrazide ◽  
Isonicotinic Acid Hydrazide ◽  
Glass Capillary ◽  
Glass Capillary Tube ◽  
The Brain

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder, involving group of nerve cells, or neurons, in the brain. Many classes of antiepilepticdrugs are being prescribed and used by the stake holders but most of them are associated with serious side effects and toxicity. There is a strongneed of new antiepileptic molecules with less side effects and toxicity. Objective: A series of aryl acid hydrazones of Isonicotinic acid hydrazide(RINH1 -RINH14) were synthesized and evaluated for Anticonvulsant activity. Material and Method: Compounds (RINH1 -RINH14) weresynthesized by refluxing Isonicotinic acid hydrazide with different substituted benzaldehydes/ substituted acetophenones in absolute ethanol.Melting points of all synthesized compounds were monitored by open glass-capillary tube method on Digital Melting point apparatus and areuncorrected. The synthesized compounds were tested for anticonvulsant potential using MES and scPTZ whereas neurotoxicity was determinedusing Rotarod model. Result and Discussion: At 100mg/kg compound RINH10 have shown 29% protection at both 0.5hr and 4.0 time interval.At 300mg/kg and 0.5 hr, compounds RINH4 and RINH10 showed 100% and 50 % protection respectively. Compounds RINH4 and RINH10 havebetter anti MES activity proving that halogens have prominent contribution in Anticonvulsant activity. In scPTZ screen, all synthesized Acidhydrazone (RINH1- RINH14 ) did not show any protection at 30, 100,300 mg/kg , at 0.5 hr and 4.0 hr duration .In rotorod test i.e neurotoxicityscreen, compound RINH5, RINH6 , RINH10 have shown toxicity. Conclusion: The synthesized new molecules were proved to be havinganticonvulsant activity with less signs of neurotoxicity.

The effects of isonicotinic acid hydrazide on the early chick embryo

Development ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-219
Author(s):  
M. A. Castellano ◽  
J. L. Tórtora ◽  
N. I. Germino ◽  
F. Rama ◽  
C. Ohanian
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B6 ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Isonicotinic Acid ◽  
Acid Hydrazide ◽  
Considerable Extent ◽  
Isonicotinic Acid Hydrazide ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Preventive Action ◽  
Pyridoxine Hydrochloride ◽  
Developing Nervous System

1. Unincubated White Leghorn fertile eggs were injected with isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH) through a hole in the shell. A control group was injected with normal saline, a second group with INH plus vitamin B6, and a third group was left unopened. 2. INH, in the doses we used, proved to be lethal for more than 50% of the early chick embryos, and also produced important developmental alterations. 3. Alterations produced by INH were primarily observed at the level of the neural epithelium, particularly at its cephalic portion. The most important ones were a degenerative and necrotic process of the neural epithelium, and a distortion of the normal anatomical relations of the cephalic structures. 4. The embryonic mortality and developmental alterations induced by INH were prevented to a considerable extent by the concurrent injection of pyridoxine hydrochloride and INH. 5. The preventive action of vitamin B6 suggests that toxicity of INH in the chicken embryos is due to the antivitamin-B6 action of INH. Through this mechanism INH would block, specially, the amino acid metabolism. The developing nervous system was the embryonic area most sensitive to such metabolic alterations.

Postneonatal Vitamin B6-Dependent Epilepsy

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-223
Author(s):  
STEVEN B. COKER
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Vitamin B6 ◽  
Pyridoxal Phosphate ◽  
Isonicotinic Acid ◽  
Acid Hydrazide ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Isonicotinic Acid Hydrazide ◽  
Peripheral Neuritis ◽  
Normal Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin B6 Deficiency

Vitamin B6 acts as coenzyme in decarboxylation and transamination of amino acids. Pyridoxal phosphate is the coenzyme for a glutamic decarboxylase and γ-aminobutyric acid transaminase, enzymes necessary in production and metabolism of brain γ-aminobutyric acid. Vitamin B6 deficiency has been known to produce peripheral neuritis, dermatitis, anemia, and convulsions in infants.1 Administration of isonicotinic acid hydrazide may produce a vitamin B6-responsive neuropathy. Convulsions from vitamin B6 dependency occur despite normal vitamin B6 levels. These seizures, according to pediatric and neurological texts, occur immediately after birth up to 6 months.1-4 In 1985, Goutieres and Aicardi5 described three patients with atypical pyridoxine-dependent seizures with onset at 7 weeks, 5 days, and 4 months.

Sequential Lowering and Raising of Brain γ-Aminobutyric Acid Levels by Isonicotinic Acid Hydrazide

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 780-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Wood ◽  
S. J. Peesker
Keyword(s):  
Untreated Control ◽  
Isonicotinic Acid ◽  
Acid Hydrazide ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Isonicotinic Acid Hydrazide ◽  
Intramuscular Administration ◽  
Gaba Level

The intramuscular administration of isonicotinic acid hydrazide to chicks produced initially a rapid and significant decrease in the concentration of brain γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) which was followed by a reversal of the effect such that the GABA level became greater than that in untreated control chicks.

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