The Relationship of Membrane ATPase Activity to Ouabain-Insensitive Sodium Transport in Human Red Cells

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 642-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. K. M. Smith ◽  
L. G. Welt
Keyword(s):  
Ethacrynic Acid ◽  
Diffusion Mechanism ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Active Sodium ◽  
Sodium Efflux ◽  
Membrane Atpase ◽  
Active Transport System ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Human Red Cells

A component of active sodium efflux has been described by Hoffman and Kregenow (1966, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 137, 566–567) which is not inhibited by ouabain but is inhibited by ethacrynic acid. This has been called "Pump II" and these authors have produced evidence suggesting that the process does not require adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for its energy supply. Studies of membrane adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) from human erythrocytes have therefore been carried out to determine if any component of this enzyme behaved in a qualitatively similar way to that of "Pump II." Our results have shown that ethacrynic acid behaved like a nonspecific sulfhydryl-reacting substance with no discrete inhibitory properties. Two analogues of ethacrynic acid, which did not have any sulfhydryl-reacting properties, could also inhibit "Pump II" but did not inhibit membrane ATPase.It is concluded that there is no direct qualitative correlation between "Pump II" and membrane ATPase in the human red cell. This supports the view that "Pump II" functions independently of the activity of membrane ATPase. Whether "Pump II" is an active transport system or part of a cation exchange diffusion mechanism, it is unlikely that ATP or membrane ATPase are concerned in its function.

scholarly journals Plasma and Red Cell Reference Intervals of 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate of Healthy Adults in Whom Biochemical Functional Deficiencies of Folate and Vitamin B12Had Been Excluded

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Sobczyńska-Malefora ◽  
Dominic J. Harrington ◽  
Kieran Voong ◽  
Martin J. Shearer
Keyword(s):  
Methylmalonic Acid ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Molecular Forms ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Plasma Measurements ◽  
Functional Deficiency

5-Methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) is the predominant form of folate and a strong determinant of homocysteine concentrations. There is evidence that suboptimal 5-MTHF availability is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease independent of homocysteine. The analysis of folates remains challenging and is almost exclusively limited to the reporting of “total” folate rather than individual molecular forms. The purpose of this study was to establish the reference intervals of 5-MTHF in plasma and red cells of healthy adults who had been prescreened to exclude biochemical evidence of functional deficiency of folate and/or vitamin B12. Functional folate and vitamin B12status was assessed by respective plasma measurements of homocysteine and methylmalonic acid in 144 healthy volunteers, aged 19–64 years. After the exclusion of 10 individuals, values for 134 subjects were used to establish the upper reference limits for homocysteine (13 μmol/L females and 15 μmol/L males) and methylmalonic acid (430 nmol/L). Subjects with values below these cutoffs were designated as folate and vitamin B12replete and their plasma and red cell 5-MTHF reference intervals determined,N=126: 6.6–39.9 nmol/L and 223–1041 nmol/L, respectively. The application of these intervals will assist in the evaluation of folate status and facilitate studies to evaluate the relationship of 5-MTHF to disease.

scholarly journals Hemoglobin L Ferrara in a Jewish Family Associated with a Hemolytic State in the Propositus

Blood ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
RONALD L. NAGEL ◽  
HELEN M. RANNEY ◽  
THOMAS B. BRADLEY ◽  
ALAN JACOBS ◽  
LINDA UDEM
Keyword(s):  
Family Study ◽  
Simultaneous Occurrence ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Jewish Family ◽  
Sh Groups ◽  
Red Cell Enzymes ◽  
Abnormal Hemoglobin ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cell Defect

Abstract A Jewish family in which Hb L Ferrara (α247 Asp → Gly β2) occurred is reported. Studies of some of the properties of this hemoglobin demonstrated that its oxygen equilibria, number of readily reactive-SH groups, and spectro-photometric tyrosine titration were indistinguishable from Hb A. Nevertheless, Hb LF was more unstable than Hb A at 55 C. The propositus had accelerated blood destruction although six other heterozygotes for Hb LF did not. A second defect in red cell enzymes or red cell lipids of the propositus was not demonstrable with the technics used but the possibility that the simultaneous occurrence of Hb LF and an otherwise "silent" red cell defect may lead to a hemolytic state remains an attractive explanation. The data provided by this family study did not permit a definite conclusion about the relationship of clinically evident hemolysis in the propositus to the presence of the abnormal hemoglobin.

scholarly journals The Relationship of Bartonella Bacilliformis to the Red Blood Cell as Revealed by Electron Microscopy

Blood ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 708-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
MANUEL CUADRA ◽  
JUAN TAKANO
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Bartonella Bacilliformis ◽  
Coccoid Form ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Ultrathin Sections ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Ultrathin sections of erythrocytosis parasitized by B. bacilliformis have been examined by electron microscopy. The study concerns three Oroya Fever patients whose blood smears showed B. bacilliformis predominantly in its coccoid form as parastizing over 70 per cent of the red cells. B. bacilliformis is termed as a bacterium in its structure and appears to lie not only on the host red cells but predominantly within them. Therefore, this organism might have the capacity to penetrate into the red cell. This finding does not change the basic concept regarding the mechanism of the anemia of Oroya Fever.

Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Al2O3-SiC Interface

2011 ◽  
Vol 697-698 ◽  
pp. 192-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Ting Zhou ◽  
Chuan Zhen Huang ◽  
Han Lian Liu ◽  
Bin Zou ◽  
Hong Tao Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Molecular Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Interfacial Energy ◽  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Diffusion Mechanism ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Interface Model ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Diffusion

The interfacial energy and diffusion phenomenon of the Al2O3(012)-SiC (011) interface model are studied based on molecular dynamics. The interfacial energy increases firstly until reaches its maximum 0.459J/m2at the temperature of 1500K and then decreases. The relationship of diffusion coefficients for each kind of atoms is C>Si>O>Al. Diffusion coefficients of atoms increase at first and then decrease as the temperature goes up. This indicates the diffusion mechanism has been changed during the temperature rising process.

Effect of Nembutal on circulating and tissue blood volumes and hematocrits of intact and splenectomized mice

1959 ◽  
Vol 197 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julius J. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Blood Volume ◽  
Vascular Tone ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Circulating Blood Volume ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cell Volumes ◽  
Blood Volumes

The effect of Nembutal on the circulating and tissue blood volumes and hematocrits was calculated by means of independent determinations of plasma and red cell volumes. Nembutal produced an increase in circulating blood volume accompanied by a reduction in the venous hematocrit. The blood volumes of liver, kidney, spleen and intestine rose following the administration of Nembutal, while the hematocrits of liver, lung, intestine and muscle declined, and that of kidney rose. The administration of Nembutal to splenectomized mice produces similar changes. The relationship of these alterations to changes in periphero-vascular tone are discussed.

scholarly journals In Vitro Measurements of the Effects of Anticoagulants on the Flow Properties of Blood: The Relationship of these Effects to Red Cell Shrinkage

Blood ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILLIAM I. ROSENBLUM
Keyword(s):  
Cell Size ◽  
Blood Viscosity ◽  
Plasma Viscosity ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Cell Shrinkage ◽  
In Vitro Measurements ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Citrate and oxalate increased the viscosity of blood as measured in a capillary viscosimeter. The elevated viscosity was accompanied by erytrhocyte shrinkage, manifest by the decreased hematocrit of blood anticoagulated with either of these agents. Plasma viscosity was not affected. EDTA, which does not alter cell size or shape, also failed to alter blood viscosity, while citrate no longer affected viscosity, if utilized in ACD solution, a milieu which prevents cell shrinkage. When erythrocytes were suspended in hypertonic NaCl, "blood" viscosity was also elevated in comparison to that of suspensions in lower concentrations of NaCl. The data indicate that blood viscosity will be elevated by anticoagulants which are permitted to shrink erythrocytes.

THE RELATIONSHIP OF ERYTHROCYTE INSULIN RECEPTORS TO RED CELL AGE AND TO MONOCYTE INSULIN RECEPTORS

1981 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. WARD ◽  
A. R. REES ◽  
B. A. NAYLOR ◽  
R. C. TURNER
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Receptors ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Cell Age ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Observations on the Measurement and Regulation of the Sodium Content of Rabbit Erythrocytes: Evidence for a Single Sodium Pump

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 791-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. K. M. Smith ◽  
D. Farrington ◽  
L. Sydiuk
Keyword(s):  
Rate Constant ◽  
Sodium Pump ◽  
Ethacrynic Acid ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Sodium Efflux ◽  
A Value ◽  
Active Transport Mechanism ◽  
Sodium Dependent

We have studied the cation content of rabbit erythrocytes; for a group of 40 animals red cell sodium was 9.2 ± 2.7 (S.D.) mmol/1 of cells, while potassium was 112 ± 8.6 mmol/1. Cell sodium content rose as the animals aged, but there was always a wide concentration gradient across the cell wall. This gradient was maintained by an active sodium pump, inhibited by ouabain (10−4 M) and comparable to pump I in the human red cell. The rate constant for this process in 16 rabbits was 0.313 ± 0.07 (S.D.) h−1, a value similar to that seen in man. Ethacrynic acid (10−3 M) inhibited a further component of sodium efflux, the rate constant being 0.259 ± 0.015 (S.D.) h−1. This was superficially comparable to pump II as previously described in the human; on further study, however, it was found to be sodium dependent, but able to function in the absence of adenosine triphosphate and incapable of net up-hill transport. These findings indicate that there is only one active transport mechanism in the red cells of the rabbit, which is a useful model for study in comparison to the red cells of man.

Spleen and liver weight changes in NZB mice with haemolytic anaemia

1975 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. O. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Spleen Weight ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Haemolytic Disease ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Dominant Feature ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Spleen and liver weights from 998 NZB mice were subjected to computerised multivariate analysis. 3-dimensional graphs relating predicted spleen and liver weights to age and body weight were prepared and the relationship of the fitted surface to the histology and pathological autoantibody is discussed. On the basis of spleen weight increase, red-cell destruction throughout the greater part of life seems to be mainly intrasplenic, while intrahepatic destruction does not become important until later, when it is probably a dominant feature in the terminal period of the disease. Only limited organ weight increases occur in breeding females, and it is suggested that pregnancy lessens the effect of the haemolytic disease, the 'protective' effect extending long after the cessation of breeding.

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