Effects of Feeding a Zero- or High-Roughage Diet to Cattle upon Adipose Tissue Lipogenesis

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 532-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Buchanan-Smith ◽  
F. D. Horney ◽  
W. R. Usborne ◽  
T. D. Burgess
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Pentose Phosphate ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Synthetase Activity ◽  
Lipogenic Enzymes ◽  
Fourfold Increase ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Hereford steer calves were fed whole shelled corn or corn silage diets to determine the effect of dietary roughage level on lipogenic enzymes of adipose tissue. In Trial 1, perirenal and subcutaneous adipose tissue were taken post-mortem from 32 steers who had been fed either diet ad libitum for at least 175 days and weighed 450 kg live. In Trial 2, for which a changeover design was used, six cattle were fed both diets so that energy intake was calculated to be equal for each. Perirenal adipose tissue was taken in the second trial by biopsy when the steers weighed 200 kg live. In Trial 1, compared to high-roughage, the zero-roughage diet elicited from a two- to fourfold increase (P < 0.05) in activity of pentose phosphate pathway dehydrogenases of adipose tissue. This dietary effect was not observed in Trial 2. In both trials, acetyl-CoA synthetase activity and fatty acid synthesizing capacity from acetate of adipose tissue were unaffected by diet. Carcasses from animals fed the zero-roughage diet in Trial 1 contained 6% more separable fat (P < 0.05) than carcasses from animals fed the high-roughage diet. The mean of both trials for plasma acetate from animals fed the zero-roughage diet was 0.61 μmol/ml, which was less (P < 0.05) than 0.95 μmol/ml, which was the comparable value determined from animals fed the high-roughage diet. Plasma propionate was increased (P < 0.05) by feeding the zero-roughage diet in both trials but accounted for less than 20% of volatile fatty acids in all samples examined.

Effect of body condition at calving on tissue mobilization, development of fatty liver and blood chemistry of dairy cows

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. M. Reid ◽  
C. J. Roberts ◽  
R. J. Treacher ◽  
L. A. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Cell Count ◽  
Fatty Infiltration ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Isolated Adipocytes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Friesian Cows

ABSTRACTAn experiment was performed with two groups of nine British Friesian cows to compare the effect of calving in fat or thin condition on (1) the mobilization and functional activity of subcutaneous adipose tissue, (2) the mobilization of skeletal muscle, (3) the development and resolution of fatty infiltration of the liver and (4) the chemistry and haematology of blood. Sampling was performed at various times during the dry period and subsequent lactation. There were no differences between groups in the amount of adipose tissue mobilized between 4 weeks before and 26 weeks after calving. The lipogenic and lipolytic capacities of isolated adipocytes were also not different between groups at any time although major changes occurred in both over the calving period and during early lactation. Acetate oxidation to carbon dioxide was higher in adipocytes isolated from thin cows particularly after calving. More muscle fibre area was lost in the fat cows compared with the thin cows between 4 weeks before and 4 weeks after calving and the fat cows had greater infiltration of fat in the liver at 1 and 4 weeks after calving than the thin cows. The mean white-cell count was lower and the packed-cell volume was higher in the fat cows than in the thin cows at 1 week after calving. The major differences between groups in blood composition were increased concentrations of copper, non-esterified fatty acids, bilirubin and enzymes such as ornithine carbamyl transferase in the fat cows after calving. These results suggest that fat and thin cows respond differently to the metabolic demands of early lactation and that some of these differences render fat cows more susceptible to disease.

Staged ultrasound-guided liposuction for hidden arteriovenous fistulas in obese patients

VASA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 403-407
Author(s):  
Gabor Cs.Nagy ◽  
Reiner Verwiebe ◽  
Matthias Wunsch
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Ultrasound Guided ◽  
Arteriovenous Fistulas ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Abstract. Background: In obese patients with end stage renal disease, puncturing matured arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) that run deep under the skin surface may prove difficult. To achieve reliable puncturability, there are several surgical solutions. Superficialization with mobilization is common. With some newer options (lipectomy and liposuction) subcutaneous adipose tissue is surgically reduced. There are only a few authors who have published their experience with liposuction and we want to add our own results. Patients and methods: We report our experience with ultrasound-guided liposuction (USGL). We introduce liposuction cannulas via small incisions to reduce the subcutaneous adipose tissue overlying the planned cannulation zones under ultrasound control using tumescent anaesthesia till the prospective needle access segments become easily palpable. So far, we have used this technique for cephalic forearm and upper arm fistulas only. Furthermore, we review the relevant literature. Results: From February 2014 through November 2016, six patients were treated using USGL. Their body mass indices ranged from 30.8 to 53.8 kg/m2 (mean 37.6). The mean depths of the AVFs beneath the skin surface were 13.3 (8–20) mm before and 5.1 (3.5–6) mm after surgery. The mean time of the procedure was 15 minutes. There were no postoperative complications. In five patients, the AVFs could reliably be punctured after three weeks. One patient is not yet on dialysis. During the follow-up period of 24 (11–43) months, all six AVFs remained primarily patent. In the literature, we found nine reports on altogether 81 patients undergoing USGL. Almost all noteworthy complications occurred only after ultrasound-powered liquefaction of adipose tissue, which was only used by a single investigator. Conclusions: USGL is a method that can be learned easily, is minimally invasive, seems to be safe, and requires only short operation times.

Effects of isoenergetic barley grain and alfalfa pellet diets on in vitro lipogenesis and lipogenic enzyme activities in subcutaneous adipose tissue from sheep

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. K. Okine ◽  
P. F. Arthur
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Lipogenic Enzyme ◽  
Acetyl Coa Carboxylase ◽  
Lipogenic Enzymes ◽  
Acetyl Coa ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

The effects of feeding isoenergetic barley grain or alfalfa pellets on in vitro lipogenesis, palmitate esterification, and lipogenic enzymes activities in biopsy samples of subcutaneous adipose tissue in 10 ewes were studied. Acetyl CoA carboxylase and FAS activities and rate of esterification were 52, 38, and 88%, respectively, higher (P < 0.05) in subcutaneous adipose of ewes fed the concentrate versus those fed the roughage diet. Key words: Isoenergetic, adipose tissue, acetyl CoA carboxylase

scholarly journals Activities of lipogenic enzymes in subcutaneous adipose tissue are not increased in patients with chronic kidney failure

2012 ◽  
Vol 123 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Wojciech Wołyniec ◽  
Julian Świerczyński ◽  
Marek Szołkiewicz ◽  
Michał Chmielewski ◽  
Przemysław Rutkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Kidney Failure ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Chronic Kidney Failure ◽  
Lipogenic Enzymes ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

The effect of compensatory growth on lipogenesis in ovine carcass adipose tissue

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 155 ◽  
Author(s):  
RL Hood ◽  
RF Thornton
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Biochemical Pathways ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Rates of lipogenesis, as measured by the incorporation in vitvo of [14C]acetate into fatty acids, were measured in wethers which were either fed continuously or subjected to an interval of starvation. Refeeding ad libitum of starved sheep resulted in a faster growth rate; immature sheep after 110 days and mature sheep after 56 days had reached a fat content similar to that in the continuously grown sheep. In continuously grown sheep the rate of lipogenesis in subcutaneous adipose tissue increased with increasing liveweight. Lipogenesis was almost totally eliminated after a period of weight loss. In nutritionally rehabilitated immature and mature sheep, lipogenesis was restored and reached a rate higher than that measured for sheep which were continuously grown on the same diet. In immature sheep lipogenesis responded rapidly to refeeding. However, lipogenesis in mature sheep was slower to respond to increased dietary intake, which indicated that in mature sheep the biochemical pathways of lipid metabolism take several days to respond and reach their full lipogenic potential in response to changes in the physiological state.

Changes in composition and pH of digesta along the gastrointestinal tract of sheep in relation to scouring induced by wheat engorgement

1977 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Lee
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ad Libitum

Changes in the composition of digesta along the gastrointestinal tract of scouring sheep fed on wheat grain ad libitum were studied relative to sheep fed on lucerne hay ad libitum. Wheat engorgement significantly (P < 0.005) depressed the pH of the digesta in the reticulorumen and the digestive tract distal to the jejunum. A mean total volatile fatty acids concentration of 10.3mM in the caecum of scouring sheep was significantly lower than the mean of 51.6mM in sheep fed on lucerne hay. Net absorption of water was negligible in the colon of scouring sheep as digesta were only 13.7–14.7% dry matter, whereas in sheep fed on lucerne, the dry matter of digesta increased from 14.7% in the caecum to 27.9% at the rectum.

scholarly journals New intragastric sleeve technique reduces adipose tissue in pig experimental model: tomographic study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana da Silva Ribeiro ◽  
Ricardo Paiva Araújo dos Scheiba Zorron ◽  
Saulo José Quina Silva ◽  
Silvia Marcela Ruiz Cadena ◽  
Marcelo Borges dos Santos Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Sham Group ◽  
Single Port ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Reduce Weight Gain ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Abstract In order to implement a new bariatric surgery technique, we verify the efficacy of intragastric sleeve to reduce weight gain and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). Animals were divided into two groups: G1 (single-port intragastric sleeve) and G2 (sham group). The stomach was surgically reduced by single-port intragastric sutures to fo a gastric sleeve. Animals were submitted to computer tomography (CT) before the surgical procedure and after 18 weeks. Images were analyzed and measurements of the thickness of SAT, depth and width of the longissimus dorsi muscle and the rib eye area were made. Body weight and CT measurements were analyzed using the GLM PROC. The correlation coefficients were calculated among weight, moments and measures. There was a significant difference in weight gain, in which G1 had an average of 42.803 ± 3.206 kg, lower than G2 (45.966 ± 4.767 kg). The mean values for SAT and muscle measurements differed significantly between groups, in which G1 achieved the lowest values. All variables had significant correlations and high magnitude. Intragastric sleeve surgery induced a significant decrease of SAT. The new intragastric sleeve technique is feasible, safe and effective, mainly in reducing fat deposition, making it an important alternative in bariatric surgical treatment.

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