DIETARY CONTROL OF SERUM CHOLESTEROL LEVELS IN RATS FED HIGH-FAT, CHOLATE-CONTAINING DIETS

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Wilson ◽  
J. M. Martin ◽  
W. S. Hartroft
Keyword(s):  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Dietary Cholesterol ◽  
Sodium Cholate ◽  
Dietary Control ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Proportional Change ◽  
Series Of Experiments

In a series of experiments, rats were fed semisynthetic atherogenic diets containing variable amounts of cholesterol (from 0 to 5%) with 40% of either cocoa butter, dairy butter, corn oil, or linseed oil as the source of fat, and 2% sodium cholate. It was found that serum cholesterol levels increased as the amount of dietary cholesterol increased to the 1% level, but raising the dietary cholesterol above this level did not provoke a proportional change in serum cholesterol during the first 3 months of the experiment.

THE EFFECT OF DIET, AGE, AND SEX ON CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM IN WHITE LEGHORN CHICKENS

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 1705-1715 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Wood ◽  
J. Biely ◽  
J. E. Topliff
Keyword(s):  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Dietary Cholesterol ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Yolk Cholesterol ◽  
Age And Sex

The cholesterol metabolism of chickens differed in birds of different age and sex. The normal serum cholesterol levels were higher in females than in males and higher in 1-week-old chicks than in mature birds of the same sex. Laying hens were less susceptible to hypercholesterolemia induced by dietary cholesterol than were mature cockerels or young chicks of either sex. Corn oil tended to increase the degree of hypercholesterolemia in all cholesterol-fed birds except young cockerels. A vitamin-A-rich oil, dogfish liver oil, decreased the rise in serum cholesterol level in cholesterol-fed chicks of both sexes, but in mature birds it produced the opposite effect. The addition of 1% cholesterol to the control diet of hens increased the yolk cholesterol concentration of eggs laid by the birds and this increase in concentration was greatly enhanced if 10% corn oil was also present in the diet.

Estrogen deficiency worsens steatohepatitis in mice fed high-fat and high-cholesterol diet

2011 ◽  
Vol 301 (6) ◽  
pp. G1031-G1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihiro Kamada ◽  
Shinichi Kiso ◽  
Yuichi Yoshida ◽  
Norihiro Chatani ◽  
Takashi Kizu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Estrogen Deficiency ◽  
Macrophage Infiltration ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

Recent studies indicate an accelerated progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in postmenopausal women. Hypercholesterolemia, an important risk factor for NASH progression, is often observed after menopause. This study examined the effects of estrogen on NASH in ovariectomized (OVX) mice fed a high-fat and high-cholesterol (HFHC) diet. To investigate the effects of estrogen deficiency, OVX mice and sham-operated (SO) mice were fed normal chow or HFHC diet for 6 wk. Next, to investigate the effects of exogenous estrogen replenishment, OVX mice fed with HFHC diet were treated with implanted hormone release pellets (containing 17β-estradiol or placebo vehicle) for 6 wk. OVX mice on the HFHC diet showed enhanced liver injury with increased liver macrophage infiltration and elevated serum cholesterol levels compared with SO-HFHC mice. Hepatocyte monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP1) protein expression in OVX-HFHC mice was also enhanced compared with SO-HFHC mice. In addition, hepatic inflammatory gene expressions, including monocytes chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2 (CCR2), were significantly elevated in OVX-HFHC mice. Estrogen treatment improved serum cholesterol levels, liver injury, macrophage infiltration, and inflammatory gene expressions in OVX-HFHC mice. Moreover, the elevated expression of liver CCR2 and MCP1 were decreased by estrogen treatment in OVX-HFHC mice, whereas low-density lipoprotein dose dependently enhanced CCR2 expression in THP1 monocytes. Our study demonstrated that estrogen deficiency accelerated NASH progression in OVX mice fed HFHC diet and that this effect was improved by estrogen therapy. Hypercholesterolemia in postmenopausal women would be a potential risk factor for NASH progression.

THE EFFECT OF DIETARY MARINE FISH OILS ON THE SERUM CHOLESTEROL LEVELS IN HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC CHICKENS

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Wood ◽  
Jacob Biely
Keyword(s):  
Marine Fish ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Fish Oils ◽  
Shark Liver Oil ◽  
Serum Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Clear Explanation ◽  
Basking Shark

An investigation was carried out into the effect of marine fish oils on the serum cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemic chickens. The oils were fed at the 10% level in the diet. Lingcod liver oil and halibut liver oil prevented the hypercholesterolemic effect of supplementary cholesterol, whereas crude herring oil increased the hypercholesterolemia to the same extent as did corn oil and tallow. Ratfish liver oil, dogfish liver oil, and basking shark liver oil had less noticeable effects on the cholesterol levels. No clear explanation could be given for the observed behavior but there seemed to be a difference in the effects on serum cholesterol of liver oils from teleostei fish and from selachii fish, the former class of liver oils being much more potent in preventing the increase in serum cholesterol concentration in chickens caused by the addition of cholesterol to the diet.

THE EFFECT OF DIETARY MARINE FISH OILS ON THE SERUM CHOLESTEROL LEVELS IN HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC CHICKENS

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Wood ◽  
Jacob Biely
Keyword(s):  
Marine Fish ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Fish Oils ◽  
Shark Liver Oil ◽  
Serum Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Clear Explanation ◽  
Basking Shark

An investigation was carried out into the effect of marine fish oils on the serum cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemic chickens. The oils were fed at the 10% level in the diet. Lingcod liver oil and halibut liver oil prevented the hypercholesterolemic effect of supplementary cholesterol, whereas crude herring oil increased the hypercholesterolemia to the same extent as did corn oil and tallow. Ratfish liver oil, dogfish liver oil, and basking shark liver oil had less noticeable effects on the cholesterol levels. No clear explanation could be given for the observed behavior but there seemed to be a difference in the effects on serum cholesterol of liver oils from teleostei fish and from selachii fish, the former class of liver oils being much more potent in preventing the increase in serum cholesterol concentration in chickens caused by the addition of cholesterol to the diet.

scholarly journals Dietary cholesterol alters Na+/K+ selectivity at intracellular Na+/K+ pump sites in cardiac myocytes

2004 ◽  
Vol 286 (2) ◽  
pp. C398-C405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerrie A. Buhagiar ◽  
Peter S. Hansen ◽  
Benjamin Y. Kong ◽  
Ronald J. Clarke ◽  
Clyne Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Cardiac Myocytes ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Dietary Cholesterol ◽  
Angiotensin Ii Receptors ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Modest Increase ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Isolated Cardiac Myocytes

A modest diet-induced increase in serum cholesterol in rabbits increases the sensitivity of the sarcolemmal Na+/K+ pump to intracellular Na+, whereas a large increase in cholesterol levels decreases the sensitivity to Na+. To examine the mechanisms, we isolated cardiac myocytes from controls and from rabbits with diet-induced increases in serum cholesterol. The myocytes were voltage clamped with the use of patch pipettes that contained osmotically balanced solutions with Na+ in a concentration of 10 mM and K+ in concentrations ([K+]pip) ranging from 0 to 140 mM. There was no effect of dietary cholesterol on electrogenic Na+/K+ current ( Ip) when pipette solutions were K+ free. A modest increase in serum cholesterol caused a [K+]pip-dependent increase in Ip, whereas a large increase caused a [K+]pip-dependent decrease in Ip. Modeling suggested that pump stimulation with a modest increase in serum cholesterol can be explained by a decrease in the microscopic association constant KK describing the backward reaction E1 + 2K+ → E2(K+)2, whereas pump inhibition with a large increase in serum cholesterol can be explained by an increase in KK. Because hypercholesterolemia upregulates angiotensin II receptors and because angiotensin II regulates the Na+/K+ pump in cardiac myocytes in a [K+]pip-dependent manner, we blocked angiotensin synthesis or angiotensin II receptors in vivo in cholesterol-fed rabbits. This abolished cholesterol-induced pump inhibition. Because the ϵ-isoform of protein kinase C (ϵPKC) mediates effects of angiotensin II on the pump, we included specific ϵPKC-blocking peptide in patch pipette filling solutions. The peptide reversed cholesterol-induced pump inhibition.

scholarly journals Obesity Does Not Interfere with the Cholesterol-Lowering Effect of Plant Stanol Ester Consumption (as Part of a Heart-Healthy Diet)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Piia Simonen ◽  
Elisa Arte ◽  
Helena Gylling
Keyword(s):  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Dietary Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Absorption ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Plant Stanol Ester ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Plant Stanol ◽  
Control Serum ◽  
Stanol Ester

Dietary modifications including plant stanol ester consumption are recommended measures to control serum and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol concentrations, but obesity can affect their responses. We investigated whether body mass index (BMI) affects serum cholesterol levels during plant stanol (mainly sitostanol) ester consumption. This ad hoc analysis was based on earlier results of a cross-over, randomized controlled trial of postmenopausal women consuming rapeseed oil-based margarine without or with plant stanol ester (3 g plant stanols/day) for seven weeks. We classified the subjects as normal-weight (BMI ≤ 25 kg/m2, n = 9, mean 22.6 kg/m2) or overweight/obese (BMI > 25 kg/m2, n = 11, mean 28.4 kg/m2), and recalculated the results, focusing on cholesterol absorption, cholesterol synthesis, and fecal steroid outputs. Serum cholesterol levels were similar in the groups during the control diet. Plant stanol ester reduced serum cholesterol by 0.63 ± 0.19 mmol/L (11%) in normal-weight and by 0.75 ± 0.13 mmol/L (12%) in overweight/obese subjects (p < 0.05 for both), and cholesterol absorption was reduced in both groups. However, relative and dietary cholesterol absorption were more effectively reduced in normal-weight subjects. In conclusion, overweight/obesity did not interfere with the serum cholesterol response to plant stanol ester consumption despite substantial differences in cholesterol metabolism between the groups.

Behavioral components of high-fat diet hyperphagia: meal size and postprandial satiety

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (1) ◽  
pp. R196-R200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoe S. Warwick ◽  
Colleen M. McGuire ◽  
Kathleen J. Bowen ◽  
Stephen J. Synowski
Keyword(s):  
Test Meal ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Meal Size ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Behavioral Expression ◽  
Series Of Experiments

Previously, rats fed a high-fat liquid diet (HF) ad libitum consumed more kilocalories and had greater weight gain than rats fed a liquid high-carbohydrate diet (HC) of equivalent energy density (Warwick, Z. S., and H. P. Weingarten. Am. J. Physiol. Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 269: R30–R37, 1995). The present series of experiments sought to clarify the behavioral expression of HF hyperphagia by comparing HF and HC with regard to meal size and magnitude of postingestive satiety effect. Meal size of HF was greater than HC at 2.3 kcal/ml and also when diets were formulated at 1.15 kcal/ml. In a preload-test meal paradigm, an orally consumed HF preload was less satiating than a calorically equivalent HC preload across a range of preload volumes and intermeal intervals. Sensory-specific satiety was ruled out as an explanation of the relatively greater intake of test meal after an HF preload meal; an intragastrically delivered HF preload was less satiating than intragastric HC. Furthermore, a fat (corn oil emulsion) preload was less satiating than a carbohydrate (sucrose) preload when an evaporated milk test meal was used. These findings indicate that hyperphagia on an HF diet is expressed in increased meal size and decreased intermeal interval.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF THE LEVEL AND TYPE OF DIETARY FAT ON THE METABOLISM OF CHOLESTEROL AND BETA LIPOPROTEINS IN THE CEBUS MONKEY

1956 ◽  
Vol 104 (6) ◽  
pp. 817-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar W. Portman ◽  
D. Mark Hegsted ◽  
Fredrick J. Stare ◽  
Dorothy Bruno ◽  
Robert Murphy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Dietary Cholesterol ◽  
Fixed Ratio ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Cottonseed Oil ◽  
Hydrogenated Cottonseed Oil ◽  
Cebus Monkeys ◽  
Isocaloric Diets

A study was carried out to determine the effect of the level and type of dietary fat on the concentration of cholesterol and beta lipoproteins in the sera of Cebus monkeys. Three groups of monkeys were fed isocaloric diets containing a fixed ratio of alpha protein and cholesterol to calories but with different amounts of corn oil and sucrose. Corn oil provided 10, 32, and 45 per cent of the calories in the three diets, and the level of sucrose was varied inversely. After 8 weeks the serum cholesterol and Sf 12 to 100 beta lipoprotein concentrations were significantly greater in the medium and high fat groups. When corn oil was decreased from 45 to 10 per cent of dietary calories and sucrose was increased, the serum cholesterol fell in all cases, and when the reverse change was made, the concentration of serum cholesterol increased. Variation in dietary sucrose had no specific effect. Substitution of starch for sucrose with diets otherwise constant did not cause significant change in the concentration of serum cholesterol. When monkeys fed corn oil diets at any of three levels were changed to hydrogenated cottonseed oil diets at the same level, the serum cholesterol and Sf 12 to 100 beta lipoproteins rose. However, hydrogenated cottonseed oil had no greater hypercholesteremic effect than did corn oil in the absence of dietary cholesterol. Diets containing lard with cholesterol also produced strikingly greater serum lipide responses than did diets based on corn oil and cholesterol. Hydrogenated cottonseed oil had a greater hypercholesteremic effect than an unhydrogenated cottonseed oil from the same lot. Preliminary studies indicated that the saturated fats (hydrogenated cottonseed oil) produced the most striking elevation of serum cholesterol values (above controls fed corn oil) when casein was the dietary protein.

Effect of Early Nutrition on Serum Cholesterol Levels in Adult Rats Challenged with High Fat Diet

1983 ◽  
Vol 113 (5) ◽  
pp. 1046-1050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Coates ◽  
Spencer A. Brown ◽  
Babasaheb R. Sonawane ◽  
Otakar Koldovsky
Keyword(s):  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Early Nutrition ◽  
Cholesterol Levels
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document