STUDIES ON THE PRESERVATION OF BLOOD: V. THE INFLUENCE OF THE HYDROGEN ION CONCENTRATION ON CERTAIN CHANGES IN BLOOD DURING STORAGE

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 827-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelby Kashket ◽  
David Rubinstein ◽  
Orville F. Denstedt
Keyword(s):  
Red Cells ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Citrate Dextrose

The hexokinase of the erythrocyte has two optima of activity, a pronounced one at pH 7.8 and a lesser one at pH 6.0. Glycerate-2,3-diphosphatase of the red cell similarly has two sharp optima, at pH 7.0 and 8.1, respectively. From pH 7.2 to 7.8 the activity of the diphosphatase is very low. During storage of blood with the citrate–dextrose (CD) medium at 4 °C. the pH of the samples falls from about pH 7.4 to 6.9, by the end of the fourth week. When blood is preserved with the acidified citrate–dextrose (ACD) medium, the pH falls from about 7.1 to 6.5 in the same period. The content of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and the diminution in the activity of the hexokinase of the red cells are related to the change in the pH of the blood during storage. The significance of these changes is discussed.

STUDIES ON THE PRESERVATION OF BLOOD: V. THE INFLUENCE OF THE HYDROGEN ION CONCENTRATION ON CERTAIN CHANGES IN BLOOD DURING STORAGE

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 827-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelby Kashket ◽  
David Rubinstein ◽  
Orville F. Denstedt
Keyword(s):  
Red Cells ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Citrate Dextrose

The hexokinase of the erythrocyte has two optima of activity, a pronounced one at pH 7.8 and a lesser one at pH 6.0. Glycerate-2,3-diphosphatase of the red cell similarly has two sharp optima, at pH 7.0 and 8.1, respectively. From pH 7.2 to 7.8 the activity of the diphosphatase is very low. During storage of blood with the citrate–dextrose (CD) medium at 4 °C. the pH of the samples falls from about pH 7.4 to 6.9, by the end of the fourth week. When blood is preserved with the acidified citrate–dextrose (ACD) medium, the pH falls from about 7.1 to 6.5 in the same period. The content of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and the diminution in the activity of the hexokinase of the red cells are related to the change in the pH of the blood during storage. The significance of these changes is discussed.

STUDIES ON THE PRESERVATION OF BLOOD: VI. THE INFLUENCE OF ADENOSINE AND INOSINE ON THE METABOLISM OF THE ERYTHROCYTE

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 1269-1276 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Rubinstein ◽  
Shelby Kashket ◽  
Orville F. Denstedt
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Organic Phosphate ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Phosphate Esters ◽  
Ammonium Ions ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Full Effect ◽  
Citrate Dextrose

Inosine is as effective as adenosine in maintaining the organic phosphate esters in the erythrocytes during storage in the citrate–dextrose preservative medium. Adenosine undergoes deamination in the presence of erythrocytes with liberation of ammonia. The ammonia tends to counteract the increase in the hydrogen ion concentration caused by the glycolytic production of lactic acid. By maintaining the hydrogen ion concentration within the range favorable to the activity of hexokinase, adenosine tends to maintain the utilization of glucose in the preserved red cells. Inosine, on the contrary, does not resist the increase in hydrogen ion concentration of the cells during storage, hence the utilization of glucose rapidly becomes impaired and supplanted by the utilization of ribose derived from the nucleoside. The utilization of ribose remains practically unaffected by the increase in hydrogen ion concentration to pH 6.1. Ammonium ions stimulate the utilization of glucose by erythrocytes but in degree not sufficient to account for the full effect of adenosine.

STUDIES ON THE PRESERVATION OF BLOOD: VI. THE INFLUENCE OF ADENOSINE AND INOSINE ON THE METABOLISM OF THE ERYTHROCYTE

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 1269-1276 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Rubinstein ◽  
Shelby Kashket ◽  
Orville F. Denstedt
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Organic Phosphate ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Phosphate Esters ◽  
Ammonium Ions ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Full Effect ◽  
Citrate Dextrose

Inosine is as effective as adenosine in maintaining the organic phosphate esters in the erythrocytes during storage in the citrate–dextrose preservative medium. Adenosine undergoes deamination in the presence of erythrocytes with liberation of ammonia. The ammonia tends to counteract the increase in the hydrogen ion concentration caused by the glycolytic production of lactic acid. By maintaining the hydrogen ion concentration within the range favorable to the activity of hexokinase, adenosine tends to maintain the utilization of glucose in the preserved red cells. Inosine, on the contrary, does not resist the increase in hydrogen ion concentration of the cells during storage, hence the utilization of glucose rapidly becomes impaired and supplanted by the utilization of ribose derived from the nucleoside. The utilization of ribose remains practically unaffected by the increase in hydrogen ion concentration to pH 6.1. Ammonium ions stimulate the utilization of glucose by erythrocytes but in degree not sufficient to account for the full effect of adenosine.

scholarly journals Red Cell 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate and Intracellular Arterial pH in Acidosis and Alkalosis

Blood ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 740-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane F. Desforges ◽  
Philip Slawsky
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Plasma Bicarbonate ◽  
Weak Organic Acid ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Blood Ph ◽  
Clinical Conditions

Abstract With the use of 14C-DMO (14C-5, 5-dimethyl-2,3-oxazolidinedione), a weak organic acid, we measured the intraerythrocytic hydrogen ion concentration in 16 acidotic and alkalotic patients. Whole blood pH, red cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, hemoglobin, oxyhemoglobin, plasma pCO2, and plasma bicarbonate were measured simultaneously on heparinized arterial blood. The results show: (1) hydrogen ion concentration in the red cell varies directly with that of whole blood, (2) red cell concentration of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate varies inversely with the whole blood hydrogen ion concentration, and (3) red cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate concentration also varies inversely with the intracellular hydrogen ion concentration. There were no significant relationships between the arterial total hemoglobin or oxyhemoglobin and intracellular or whole blood pH, nor was there any relationship between plasma pCO2 or plasma bicarbonate and intracellular or whole blood pH. We concluded that in a number of clinical conditions in which the hydrogen ion concentration is altered, the cellular pH parallels that of the whole blood and that the 2,3-diphosphoglycerate concentration varies with the hydrogen ion concentration.

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