FACTORS INFLUENCING THE AMOUNT OF INSULIN EXTRACTABLE FROM BEEF PANCREAS: II. EFFECTS OF ALTERING THE EXTRACTION PROCEDURE ON THE CHANGES IN THE INSULIN EXTRACTABLE FROM AGING PANCREAS AND ON RECOVERY OF INSULIN

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 537-543
Author(s):  
C. J. Labuschagne ◽  
B. K. Haessig ◽  
Gerald A. Wrenshall
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Transient Increase ◽  
Progressive Decrease ◽  
Ethanol Extraction ◽  
Extraction Procedures ◽  
Protamine Zinc Insulin ◽  
Factors Influencing

Using variants of a hydrochloric acid – ethanol extraction procedure, which are described, only about one-tenth of the crude insulin extractable from beef pancreas was found to be extracted in the same way as crystallized Zinc-Insulin added to extraction fluid. An effective conjugation of most of the extractable crude insulin from beef pancreas with non-insulin factors thus appears to have occurred at least during the acid–alcohol phase of extraction. Nevertheless the mouse-convulsion method used for insulin assay proved effective in estimating the amount of this conjugated fraction of the extractable insulin following the addition either of the unconjugated Zinc-Insulin-Toronto or of the conjugated Protamine Zinc Insulin (Toronto) to the crude insulin in acid alcoholic extracts of pure beef pancreas. The phases of transient increase and progressive decrease in the insulin extractable from initially fresh beef pancreas during aging also occurred in the conjugated fraction of the extractable insulin. The proportion of this crude insulin which extracted as conjugated insulin did not change appreciably during the process of aging.The above findings support the view that the transient increase superimposed on a progressive decrease in the extractable insulin during aging of fresh pancreas are not caused by progressive changes in conjugation of insulin. The finding of similar changes with time of aging in the concentration of extractable insulin of beef pancreas when two different extraction procedures were employed, and again when two different extraction media were employed, suggests that these changes are not products of the method or materials employed for extraction.

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE AMOUNT OF INSULIN EXTRACTABLE FROM BEEF PANCREAS: II. EFFECTS OF ALTERING THE EXTRACTION PROCEDURE ON THE CHANGES IN THE INSULIN EXTRACTABLE FROM AGING PANCREAS AND ON RECOVERY OF INSULIN

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 537-543
Author(s):  
C. J. Labuschagne ◽  
B. K. Haessig ◽  
Gerald A. Wrenshall
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Transient Increase ◽  
Progressive Decrease ◽  
Ethanol Extraction ◽  
Extraction Procedures ◽  
Protamine Zinc Insulin ◽  
Factors Influencing

Using variants of a hydrochloric acid – ethanol extraction procedure, which are described, only about one-tenth of the crude insulin extractable from beef pancreas was found to be extracted in the same way as crystallized Zinc-Insulin added to extraction fluid. An effective conjugation of most of the extractable crude insulin from beef pancreas with non-insulin factors thus appears to have occurred at least during the acid–alcohol phase of extraction. Nevertheless the mouse-convulsion method used for insulin assay proved effective in estimating the amount of this conjugated fraction of the extractable insulin following the addition either of the unconjugated Zinc-Insulin-Toronto or of the conjugated Protamine Zinc Insulin (Toronto) to the crude insulin in acid alcoholic extracts of pure beef pancreas. The phases of transient increase and progressive decrease in the insulin extractable from initially fresh beef pancreas during aging also occurred in the conjugated fraction of the extractable insulin. The proportion of this crude insulin which extracted as conjugated insulin did not change appreciably during the process of aging.The above findings support the view that the transient increase superimposed on a progressive decrease in the extractable insulin during aging of fresh pancreas are not caused by progressive changes in conjugation of insulin. The finding of similar changes with time of aging in the concentration of extractable insulin of beef pancreas when two different extraction procedures were employed, and again when two different extraction media were employed, suggests that these changes are not products of the method or materials employed for extraction.

Mercury Removal from Fish Protein Concentrate

1972 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1777-1779 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. W. Regier
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Mercury Removal ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Fish Protein ◽  
Proteinaceous Food

The potential reclamation of mercury contaminated proteinaceous food by an extraction procedure such as employed in making fish protein concentrate was investigated. The addition of hydrochloric acid to the isopropanol extractant was found to give removals as high as 93% from dry swordfish protein concentrate. The normal Halifax isopropanol extraction process did not effect any significant removal of the mercury.Preliminary studies of the variables indicated acid concentration, kind of alcohol (ethanol and isopropanol), alcohol concentration, extractant volume, and number of extractions were important in the extraction.

scholarly journals Methodological study of extraction procedures applied to urban particulate matter

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1071-1079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jirina Sysalova ◽  
Jirina Szakova ◽  
Walter Goessler ◽  
Jana Tremlova
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Arsenic Species ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Icp Oes ◽  
Methodological Study ◽  
Species Occurrence ◽  
Air Filters ◽  
Extraction Procedures ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe modified BCR three-step sequential extraction procedure has been applied to two different samples of urban particulate matters (PM). The distribution of selected trace elements As, Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn was investigated and, in a comparative study, the presence of common organic air filters in extraction procedures was evaluated. Analytes in separate fractions were determined by ICP-OES and GFAAS, respectively, depending on concentration levels. While, due to air filters, a significant increase of some analytes mobility in individual fractions has been observed in case of the jet-milled PM (tunnel Letna), but in case of the PKC sample such effect was not found. The analyte impurities built in some filters has been tested, and the impact on the reliability of analyte results has been discussed. The arsenic species occurrence and their stability in presence of air filters (size 47 mm) were investigated in both urban PM samples as well, using HPLC-ICP-MS technique. Water soluble and by three-step BCR procedure extractable arsenic forms are shown in chromatograms

Modified Procedure for Extraction of Poliovirus from Naturally-Infected Oysters Using Cat-Floc and Beef Extract

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
EDWARD F. LANDRY ◽  
JAMES M. VAUGHN ◽  
THOMAS J. VICALE
Keyword(s):  
Crassostrea Gigas ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Acid Precipitation ◽  
Poliovirus Type ◽  
Extraction Procedures ◽  
Precipitation Technique ◽  
Beef Extract ◽  
Virus Recovery

Methods for recovery of poliovirus type 1 (LSc2ab) from naturally-infected oysters (Crassostrea gigas) were examined. Extraction procedures analyzed included glycine-saline and polyelectrolyte (Cat-Floc) methods followed by concentration using modifications of an acid precipitation technique, Direct viral assay of shellfish homogenates, when compared to virus recovery following extraction, indicated that substantially fewer viruses were detected in initial homogenates. These data appeared to support the contention that input values based on homogenate assay were inappropriate in determining recovery efficiencies with naturally-infected shellfish. Since absolute efficiencies could not be determined, relative efficiencies using samples from pooled homogenates were used to determine the recovery efficiencies of various extraction procedures. Cat-Floc extraction followed by a beef extract-modified acid precipitation technique resulted in higher virus recoveries than a glycine-saline extraction procedure.

Extraction Efficiency Study—Examination of Three Procedures for Extracting 14C-Labeled and Unlabeled Residues of Organophosphorus Pesticides and Carbaryl from Bean Leaves and Kale

1971 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 953-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall R Watts
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Close Agreement ◽  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticides ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Extraction Procedures ◽  
Rapid Extraction ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Bean Leaves

Abstract Two rapid extraction procedures which consist of sample blending with ethyl acetate or acetonitrile and an exhaustive Soxhlet extraction procedure using 10% methanol in chloroform were tested for efficiency of extraction of 14C-labeled residues of carbaryl, malathion, and phosphamidon on laboratory-grown and treated bean plants. The extraction procedures were also tested on field-treated kale containing 7–11 day old residues of azinphosmethyl, parathion, and malathion. The extraction efficiencies of the 3 procedures were in very close agreement for all residues in both studies. More than 90% of the 14C-containing residues were extracted from treated bean leaves. The extraction efficiencies for field-weathered residues on kale were judged to be essentially 100%, since several hours of additional Soxhlet extraction did not remove any more residue.

Factors influencing the Interaction of insecticidal Mists on flying Insects

1946 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. L. David ◽  
P. Bracey
Keyword(s):  
Blood Meal ◽  
Maximum Dose ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Progressive Decrease ◽  
Relative Resistance ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Flying Insects ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Spray Droplets

Experiments are described which illustrate some of the ways in which the results of exposing insects to a spray mist are dependent on either their behaviour or physiological state. Only fine mist dispersals with particles below 10 microns in diameter are considered and in such mists the flight movements of the insects are very largely responsible for the collisions between the insect and the droplets. An increase in flight activity leads to the accumulation of a greater number of spray droplets and consequently a higher kill. Under these conditions insecticides such as pyrethrins which exert a strong irritating action on Aëdes in minimal amounts are superior to DDT which does not have this effect. For practical applications under circumstances where the sprays depend on mist action to produce their effect it is advantageous to mix pyrethrum with the DDT sprays so that the maximum dose of the latter may be accumulated.Further experiments are concerned with the relative resistance of male and female Aëdes aegypti to insecticides and the change of resistance which takes place on ageing or as a result of a blood meal. It is shown that the male is innately more susceptible to both pyrethrins and DDT and that the resistance of the females is higher after a blood meal. There is also a progressive decrease in resistance with age.

scholarly journals Comparing Three DNA Extraction Procedures for Cost, Efficiency, and DNA Yield

HortScience ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 822-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.W. Lickfeldt ◽  
N.E. Hofmann ◽  
J.D. Jones ◽  
A.M. Hamblin ◽  
T.B. Voigt
Keyword(s):  
Dna Extraction ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Ammonium Bromide ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Extraction Procedures ◽  
Dna Yield ◽  
Ctab Method

An efficient deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction procedure that yields large quantities of DNA would provide adequate DNA for a large number of different analytical procedures. This study was conducted to compare three DNA extraction procedures for cost, time efficiency, and DNA content while extracting DNA from Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.). Three students at the Univ. of Illinois with varying levels of DNA extraction experience conducted DNA extractions using Plant DNeasy™ Mini Kits, Plant DNAzol® Reagent, and a PEX/CTAB buffer. Costs varied significantly with cost (US$) per DNA sample of $3.04 for the DNeasy™ method, $0.99 for the DNAzol® method, and $0.39 for the PEX/CTAB extraction. The DNAzol® method was the fastest; although extracting 2.8 ng less DNA than the DNeasy™ method, it did not require the use of hazardous organic solvents, and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were satisfactory for DNA fingerprinting of Kentucky bluegrass cultivars. The PEX/CTAB method, which did not include a tissue homogenization step, did not have reproducible banding patterns due to miniscule and inconsistent quantities of DNA extracted, or possibly due to inadequate purification. The investigator with the least DNA extraction experience was the slowest, while extracting 75% more DNA. All three methods are easily adapted to laboratories having personnel with different levels of experience. The DNAzol® Reagent method should save time and money, with reproducible results when many individual plant samples need to be identified. Chemical names used: potassium ethyl xanthogenate (PEX); cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB)

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