Factors Influencing the Reaction Rate of Hydrochloric Acid and Carbonate Rock

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.A. Mumallah
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Carbonate Rock ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Factors Influencing

Evaluation of High Dissolving-Power Retarded Acid Recipes for Carbonate Acidizing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norah Aljuryyed ◽  
Abdullah Al Moajil ◽  
Saeed Alghamdi ◽  
Sajjad AlDarweesh
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Carbonate Rock ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Gas Wells ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Oil And Gas Wells ◽  
Carbonate Acidizing ◽  
Acid Retardation

Abstract Development of retarded acid recipes that can have both adequate dissolving power and controllable reaction rate is desired to maximize the effectiveness of matrix stimulation treatments for oil and gas wells. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) has high dissolving power, however, the reaction rate with carbonate rock is uncontrollable and can cause face dissolution. Organic acids have low dissolving power and controllable reaction rate. The objective of this paper was to compare the effectiveness of three low viscosity retarded acid recipes with dissolving powers of 15 wt% and >20 wt% HCl equivalent. The examined acid recipes were 15/28 wt% emulsified acids, retarded acid recipes #1, #2 and #3, and 15/26 wt% HCl. The emulsified acids were at 30:70 ratio of diesel to acid. The retarded acid recipes were prepared at different dissolving power. Retarded acid recipe #3 was equivalent to 15 wt% HCl while retarded acid recipes #1 and #2 were equivalent to >20 wt% HCl. The calcite disc dissolution rate with retarded acids #1 and #2 was significantly lower than 26 wt% HCl and comparable to 15 wt% HCl at 75°F. The solubility of calcite discs in the retarded acid recipe #3 showed acid retardation higher than retarded acid recipes #1 and #2. The corrosion rate of retarded acid recipes #1 and #2 were 0.003-0.015 lb/ft2 at 250°F and 6 hrs, lower than both examined 26-28 wt% HCl and emulsified acids. The pitting indices of retarded acid recipes #1, #2, and #3 were 4, 2, and 1 respectively at 300°F. The pore volumes to breakthrough (PVBT) of retarded acid recipes #1 and #2 were slightly higher than retarded acid recipes #3 at 200°F. The PVBT values for 15 wt% and 28 wt% emulsified acid was comparable to retarded acid recipes #1, #2, and #3, confirming their retardation was effective.

Studying dispersed and rheological properties of hydrocarbon-containing acid emulsions and their efficiency in removing asphalt-resin-paraffin deposits

2020 ◽  
pp. 128-139
Author(s):  
M. Yu. Shumakher ◽  
V. V. Konovalov ◽  
A. P. Melnikov
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Efficient Removal ◽  
Reservoir Properties ◽  
Hydrocarbon Solvents ◽  
Formation Zone ◽  
Effect Of The Composition

Currently, the treatment of the bottomhole formation zone with acidic compositions is one of the most common methods to intensify the oil inflow. The use of various modified acid compositions increases the efficiency of acid treatments on the bottomhole formation zone. Acid compositions, including those containing hydrocarbon solvents, which contribute to more efficient removal of organic colmatants, affect the reaction rate of the reagent with the rock and processing equipment, change the reservoir properties, etc.The article presents the results of experimental studies, which are aimed at establishing the effect of the composition of hydrocarbon-containing acidic emulsions consisting of an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid, toluene and Neonol AF 9-10 on their dispersed and rheological properties, as well as their efficiency in removing paraffin deposits.

Investigation of Factors Influencing the Formation of Tungstate-Based Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Nanobelts/Nanotubes

2007 ◽  
Vol 352 ◽  
pp. 85-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
De Liang Chen ◽  
Yoshiyuki Sugahara
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Long Range Order ◽  
Interlayer Water ◽  
Organic Hybrid ◽  
Lamellar Structures ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Formation Behavior ◽  
Apparent Diameter

Tungstate-based inorganic−organic hybrid nanobelts/nanotubes were synthesized in a system of H2W2O7·xH2O/n-octylamine/heptane (n-octylamine:H2W2O7·xH2O molar ratio: 30), and the effects of the volume ratios of heptane to n-octylamine and the amounts of interlayer water in H2W2O7·xH2O on the formation behavior of the hybrids were investigated. The belt/tubelike hybrids obtained were 10–20 +m in length and 200–500 nm in apparent diameter. Large volume ratios of heptane to n-octylamine not only enhanced the degree of the long-range order of the lamellar structures in the hybrids, but they also improved the morphologic uniformity of the hybrids. The existence of interlayer water in H2W2O7·xH2O was indispensable to the formation of tungstate-based inorganic−organic hybrid nanobelts/nanotubes. The amounts of interlayer water in H2W2O7·xH2O varied over a wide range (x, from 0.85 to 4.1), had a neglectable effect on the morphology of the tungstate-based nanophase hybrids, but exerted a remarkable influence on the rate of the reaction of H2W2O7·xH2O with n-octylamine in the heptane solvent. The larger the amount of interlayer water, the more rapid the reaction rate.

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE AMOUNT OF INSULIN EXTRACTABLE FROM BEEF PANCREAS: II. EFFECTS OF ALTERING THE EXTRACTION PROCEDURE ON THE CHANGES IN THE INSULIN EXTRACTABLE FROM AGING PANCREAS AND ON RECOVERY OF INSULIN

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 537-543
Author(s):  
C. J. Labuschagne ◽  
B. K. Haessig ◽  
Gerald A. Wrenshall
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Transient Increase ◽  
Progressive Decrease ◽  
Ethanol Extraction ◽  
Extraction Procedures ◽  
Protamine Zinc Insulin ◽  
Factors Influencing

Using variants of a hydrochloric acid – ethanol extraction procedure, which are described, only about one-tenth of the crude insulin extractable from beef pancreas was found to be extracted in the same way as crystallized Zinc-Insulin added to extraction fluid. An effective conjugation of most of the extractable crude insulin from beef pancreas with non-insulin factors thus appears to have occurred at least during the acid–alcohol phase of extraction. Nevertheless the mouse-convulsion method used for insulin assay proved effective in estimating the amount of this conjugated fraction of the extractable insulin following the addition either of the unconjugated Zinc-Insulin-Toronto or of the conjugated Protamine Zinc Insulin (Toronto) to the crude insulin in acid alcoholic extracts of pure beef pancreas. The phases of transient increase and progressive decrease in the insulin extractable from initially fresh beef pancreas during aging also occurred in the conjugated fraction of the extractable insulin. The proportion of this crude insulin which extracted as conjugated insulin did not change appreciably during the process of aging.The above findings support the view that the transient increase superimposed on a progressive decrease in the extractable insulin during aging of fresh pancreas are not caused by progressive changes in conjugation of insulin. The finding of similar changes with time of aging in the concentration of extractable insulin of beef pancreas when two different extraction procedures were employed, and again when two different extraction media were employed, suggests that these changes are not products of the method or materials employed for extraction.

Gas-phase reaction rate of sodium hydroxide with hydrochloric acid

1984 ◽  
Vol 88 (14) ◽  
pp. 3123-3129 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Silver ◽  
A. C. Stanton ◽  
M. S. Zahniser ◽  
C. E. Kolb
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Phase Reaction ◽  
Gas Phase Reaction

scholarly journals A Study on the Leaching of Rare Earth Elements from Waste Phosphor Powder

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 459-468
Author(s):  
Gee Hun Lee ◽  
Chang Kwon Kim ◽  
Dong Hoon Lee ◽  
Young Jun Song
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Nitric Acid Solution ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Phosphor Powder ◽  
Leaching Reaction

This study was carried out to obtain data to design a process to recover rare earth elements, specifically Y(Yttrium), La(Lanthanum), Ce(Cerium), Eu(Europium), Tb(Terbium) from waste phosphor powder. For this purpose, we investigated the effect of temperature, concentration, time and acids on leaching of the rare earth elements. The effect of roasting temperature, roasting time, roasting agent and its dosage on the leaching of rare earth elements were also investigated. 92% of the Yttrium, 70% of the Europium and 8% of the Cerium contained in the waste phosphor powder was leached at the condition of 50 oC and 0.3N HCl solution for 3hours. However, Terbium and Lanthanum were never leached at this condition. The leaching ratio increased to 100% of Yttrium and Europium, 98% of Cerium, 92% of Terbium and 89% of Lanthanum by leaching after soda ash roasting. In the leaching experiment with unroasted phosphor at 80 oC, the initial leaching reaction rate of Yttrium was 0.035 mol/L·s in 0.3N sulfuric acid solution, 0.033 mol/L·s in nitric acid solution and 0.028 mol/L·s in 0.3N hydrochloric acid solution. And the initial leaching reaction rate of Europium was 0.0017 mol/L·s in 0.3N sulfuric acid solution, 0.00114 mol/L·s in nitric acid solution and 0.00113 mol/L·s in 0.3N hydrochloric acid solution. For Cerium, the initial leaching reaction rate was 0.00019 mol/L·s in 0.3N sulfuric acid solution, 0.00025 mol/L·s in nitric acid solution and 0.00014 mol/L·s in 0.3N hydrochloric acid solution.

scholarly journals Kinetics study the decomposition of the cellulose into cellulose nanocrystals by hydrothermal with hydrochloric acid catalyst

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zulnazri Zulnazri ◽  
Rozanna Dewi ◽  
Sulhatun Sulhatun ◽  
Nasrun Nasrun
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Cellulose Nanocrystals ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Reaction Rate Constant ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Reaction Rate Constants ◽  
Ft Ir

The aim of this study was to hydrolyzed cellulose nanocrystals as cellulose-based biomass residues from oil palm by using hydrochloric acid under hydrothermal conditions. The characterization of cellulose nanocrystals was determined by FT-IR spectroscopy and X- ray diffraction. The infrared spectroscopy showed there has been a removal of lignin and hemicellulose in the spectrum. Crystallinity which reaches 78.59% was obtained by hydrolysis using hydrochloric acid catalyst 3 mol/L with a reaction time of 1 hour. Based on the graph of -ln CA/CA0 vs. time obtained that Cellulose nanocrystals forming reaction is of first order. The reaction rate constants to the formation of glucose (k2) is greater than the reaction rate constant to the formation of Cellulose nanocrystals (k1), which indicates that the phase of slow reaction is the reaction of the most influential on the overall reaction rate, the reaction of the formation of Cellulose nanocrystals.

Results of experimental studies of integrated physico-chemical impact in carbonate reservoirs

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
R.U. Rabaev ◽  
◽  
Sh.Kh. Sultanov ◽  
V.E. Andreev ◽  
A.V. Chibisov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Dissolution Kinetics ◽  
Carbonate Reservoirs ◽  
Reservoir Rock ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Acid Reaction ◽  
Dissolution Efficiency

The article highlights the experimental studies results of carbonate rock dissolution kinetics in order to develop effective methods of slowing down the acid reaction rate in the heterogeneous structures. It was found that the intensity of carbonate reservoirs leaching process with the addition of hydrocarbon solvents such as dioxanes increases due to the acetals transition to the oil phase, dissolution of highly active oil components and more intense penetration of an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid to the carbonate matrix of the reservoir rock, which intensifies the process of leaching. The technology of complex physico-chemical impact on carbonate reservoirs has been developed. It is shown that the use of a aqueous hydrochloric acid solutions mixture and an organic solvent leads to an increase in the dissolution efficiency to 88% and the reaction rate increases by a factor of 3.5.

PENGARUH KONSENTRASI KATALIS ASAM DAN KECEPATAN PENGADUKAN PADA HIDROLISIS SELULOSA DARI AMPAS BATANG SORGUM MANIS

EKUILIBIUM ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Enny Kriswiyanti
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Agitation Speed ◽  
First Order ◽  
Reaction Rate Constants ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Hydrolysis Of Cellulose ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

<p>Abstract : Sweet sorghum stem residues contains high enough cellulose (36.92%)so it can be<br />hydrolyzed to glucose. In this research, hydrolysis of cellulose is carried out using hydrochloric<br />acid catalyst. This research aims to determine the effect of acid catalyst concentration and<br />agitation speed on the resulting reduction of glucose levels and determine the reaction rate<br />constant of hydrolysis of sweet sorghum stem residues. The observed variables were the<br />concentration of hydrochloric acid catalyst (0.5 N, 1 N, 1.5 N, 2 N) and the agitation speed (150<br />rpm, 200 rpm, 250 rpm, 300 rpm). Glucose samples were analyzed by using the Lane-Eynon<br />method. Data analysis showed the higher concentration of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and the<br />agitation speed, the levels of reduced glucose that is formed is also higher. In this study by<br />assuming a first order reaction, the reaction rate constants obtained at variable concentrations of<br />hydrochloric acid catalyst ranged from 0.0010 to 0.0033 / minute and at agitation speeds variable<br />ranged from 0.0023 to 0.0030 / minute.<br />Keywords : sweet sorghum stem residues, hydrochloric acid, hydrolysis, cellulose</p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document