Potential application for mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (7) ◽  
pp. 529-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce A Bunnell ◽  
Weiwen Deng ◽  
Christine M Robinson ◽  
Paul R Waldron ◽  
Trinity J Bivalacqua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Future Application ◽  
Bone Marrow Stroma ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Marrow Stroma

Stem cells isolated from various sources have been shown to vary in their differentiation capacity or pluripotentiality. Two groups of stem cells, embryonic and adult stem cells, may be capable of differentiating into any desired tissue or cell type, which offers hope for the development of therapeutic applications for a large number of disorders. However, major limitations with the use of embryonic stem cells for human disease have led researchers to focus on adult stem cells as therapeutic agents. Investigators have begun to examine postnatal sources of pluripotent stem cells, such as bone marrow stroma or adipose tissue, as sources of mesenchymal stem cells. The following review focuses on recent research on the use of stem cells for the treatment of cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases and the future application of mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of a variety of cardiovascular disorders. Key words: stem cells, gene therapy, eNOS, CGRP.

scholarly journals Establishing a deeper understanding of the osteogenic differentiation of monolayer cultured human pluripotent stem cells using novel and detailed analyses

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Zhou ◽  
Jia-Min Shi ◽  
Jing-E Song ◽  
Yu Han ◽  
Hong-Jiao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Osteogenic Differentiation ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Telomerase Activity ◽  
Human Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Alizarin Red

Abstract Background Derivation of osteoblast-like cells from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) is a popular topic in bone tissue engineering. Although many improvements have been achieved, the low induction efficiency because of spontaneous differentiation hampers their applications. To solve this problem, a detailed understanding of the osteogenic differentiation process of hPSCs is urgently needed. Methods Monolayer cultured human embryonic stem cells and human-induced pluripotent stem cells were differentiated in commonly applied serum-containing osteogenic medium for 35 days. In addition to traditional assays such as cell viability detection, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence, and alizarin red staining, we also applied studies of cell counting, cell telomerase activity, and flow cytometry as essential indicators to analyse the cell type changes in each week. Results The population of differentiated cells was quite heterogeneous throughout the 35 days of induction. Then, cell telomerase activity and cell cycle analyses have value in evaluating the cell type and tumourigenicity of the obtained cells. Finally, a dynamic map was made to integrate the analysis of these results during osteogenic differentiation of hPSCs, and the cell types at defined stages were concluded. Conclusions Our results lay the foundation to improve the in vitro osteogenic differentiation efficiency of hPSCs by supplementing with functional compounds at the desired stage, and then establishing a stepwise induction system in the future.

scholarly journals Epigenetic Regulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Focus on Osteogenic and Adipogenic Differentiation

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad M. Teven ◽  
Xing Liu ◽  
Ning Hu ◽  
Ni Tang ◽  
Stephanie H. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Es Cells ◽  
Adipogenic Differentiation ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Msc Differentiation

Stem cells are characterized by their capability to self-renew and terminally differentiate into multiple cell types. Somatic or adult stem cells have a finite self-renewal capacity and are lineage-restricted. The use of adult stem cells for therapeutic purposes has been a topic of recent interest given the ethical considerations associated with embryonic stem (ES) cells. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into osteogenic, adipogenic, chondrogenic, or myogenic lineages. Owing to their ease of isolation and unique characteristics, MSCs have been widely regarded as potential candidates for tissue engineering and repair. While various signaling molecules important to MSC differentiation have been identified, our complete understanding of this process is lacking. Recent investigations focused on the role of epigenetic regulation in lineage-specific differentiation of MSCs have shown that unique patterns of DNA methylation and histone modifications play an important role in the induction of MSC differentiation toward specific lineages. Nevertheless, MSC epigenetic profiles reflect a more restricted differentiation potential as compared to ES cells. Here we review the effect of epigenetic modifications on MSC multipotency and differentiation, with a focus on osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. We also highlight clinical applications of MSC epigenetics and nuclear reprogramming.

scholarly journals Cardiac Regeneration After Myocardial Infarction: an Approachable Goal

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Giacca
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Cardiac Regeneration ◽  
Myocardial Tissue ◽  
Induced Pluripotent ◽  
Large Animals

Abstract Purpose of Review Until recently, cardiac regeneration after myocardial infarction has remained a holy grail in cardiology. Failure of clinical trials using adult stem cells and scepticism about the actual existence of such cells has reinforced the notion that the heart is an irreversibly post-mitotic organ. Recent evidence has drastically challenged this conclusion. Recent Findings Cardiac regeneration can successfully be obtained by at least two strategies. First, new cardiomyocytes can be generated from embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells and administered to the heart either as cell suspensions or upon ex vivo generation of contractile myocardial tissue. Alternatively, the endogenous capacity of cardiomyocytes to proliferate can be stimulated by the delivery of individual genes or, more successfully, of selected microRNAs. Summary Recent experimental success in large animals by both strategies now fuels the notion that cardiac regeneration is indeed possible. Several technical hurdles, however, still need to be addressed and solved before broad and successful clinical application is achieved.

Distinct osteoblastic differentiation potential of murine fetal liver and bone marrow stroma-derived mesenchymal stem cells

2008 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 620-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia Fromigué ◽  
Zahia Hamidouche ◽  
Sébastien Chateauvieux ◽  
Pierre Charbord ◽  
Pierre J. Marie
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Osteoblastic Differentiation ◽  
Bone Marrow Stroma ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Marrow Stroma

Adipogenic Differentiation of Human Adult Stem Cells From Bone Marrow Stroma (MSCs)

2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ichiro Sekiya ◽  
Benjamin L Larson ◽  
Jussi T Vuoristo ◽  
Jian-Guo Cui ◽  
Darwin J Prockop
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Adipogenic Differentiation ◽  
Bone Marrow Stroma ◽  
Human Adult ◽  
Marrow Stroma

scholarly journals Effects on Wound Healing of Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cells Similar to Endothelial Colony-Forming Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Hun Kim ◽  
Jeoung Hyun Nam ◽  
Man Ryul Lee ◽  
Yongsung Hwang ◽  
Eun Soo Park
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Granulation Tissue ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Endothelial Colony Forming Cells ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Background: Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) complement the disadvantages of conventional embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells, and have the advantages of simplicity of production and pluripotency. Some recent studies have applied hiPSC in cell therapy.Methods: In this study, we examined the effect of cells similar to cord blood endothelial colony-forming cells (CB-ECFCs), differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells, on angiogenesis and granulation tissue formation in the proliferative phase of wound healing. For cell transfer, we used methacrylated gelatin (GelMA)-co-poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) cryogel, which has better bioactivity than conventional hydrogels and excellent mechanical properties and swelling capacity. Two full-thickness skin defects, 0.8 cm in diameter, were made in each of our 12 experimental mice. Wound splinting models were used to prevent contraction of the wounds. In each of the experimental animals, 5×10<sup>5</sup> cells were applied with GelMA-co-PSS cryogel in one of the two wounds, while only a culture medium with cryogel was applied to the other wound.Results: Wound reduction rates in the experimental side showed increases compared to the control side in 3 days, but there was no statistical significance. The histological score was significantly increased (P<0.05), and histologic examination showed that angiogenesis and granulation formation were also increased in the experiment side.Conclusion: In conclusion, CB-ECFCs-like cells differentiated from hiPSCs were effective in promoting formation of angiogenesis and granulation tissue in a mouse wound healing model.

scholarly journals The Role of RNA Methylation in Regulating Stem Cell Fate and Function-Focus on m6A

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Weiwei Sun ◽  
Bin Zhang ◽  
Qingli Bie ◽  
Na Ma ◽  
Na Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Biological Role ◽  
Rna Methylation ◽  
Induced Pluripotent ◽  
And Function

The biological role of RNA methylation in stem cells has attracted increasing attention. Recent studies have demonstrated that RNA methylation plays a crucial role in self-renewal, differentiation, and tumorigenicity of stem cells. In this review, we focus on the biological role of RNA methylation modifications including N6-methyladenosine, 5-methylcytosine, and uridylation in embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, and cancer stem cells, so as to provide new insights into the potential innovative treatments of cancer or other complex diseases.

scholarly journals Differentiation of trophoblast cells from human embryonic stem cells: to be or not to be?

Reproduction ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 147 (5) ◽  
pp. D1-D12 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Michael Roberts ◽  
Kyle M Loh ◽  
Mitsuyoshi Amita ◽  
Andreia S Bernardo ◽  
Katsuyuki Adachi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Embryonic Cells ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Developmental Hierarchy

It is imperative to unveil the full range of differentiated cell types into which human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can develop. The need is twofold: it will delimit the therapeutic utility of these stem cells and is necessary to place their position accurately in the developmental hierarchy of lineage potential. Accumulated evidence suggested that hPSC could develop in vitro into an extraembryonic lineage (trophoblast (TB)) that is typically inaccessible to pluripotent embryonic cells during embryogenesis. However, whether these differentiated cells are truly authentic TB has been challenged. In this debate, we present a case for and a case against TB differentiation from hPSCs. By analogy to other differentiation systems, our debate is broadly applicable, as it articulates higher and more challenging standards for judging whether a given cell type has been genuinely produced from hPSC differentiation.

scholarly journals TGF-β Inhibitor SB431542 Promotes the Differentiation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Embryonic Stem Cells into Mesenchymal-Like Cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessander Leyendecker Junior
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Stem Cell Markers ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Due to their potential for tissue engineering applications and ability to modulate the immune system and reduce inflammation, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been explored as a promising option for the treatment of chronic diseases and injuries. However, there are problems associated with the use of this type of cell that limit their applications. Several studies have been exploring the possibility to produce mesenchymal stem cells from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). The aim of these studies is to generate MSCs with advantageous characteristics of both PSCs and MSCs. However, there are still some questions concerning the characteristics of MSCs derived from the differentiation of PSCs that must be answered before they can be used to treat diseases and injuries. The objective of this study was, therefore, to determine if PSCs exposed to SB431542, a TGF-β inhibitor, are able to differentiate to MSCs, judging by morphology, expression of mesenchymal and pluripotent stem cell markers, expression of pluripotency-related genes, and ability to differentiate to osteocytes and adipocytes. The results obtained demonstrated that it is possible to induce the differentiation of both embryonic stem cells and induce pluripotent stem cells into cells with characteristics that highly resemble those from MSCs through the inhibition of the TGF-β pathway.

scholarly journals Generation and Applications of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengzhu Zhao ◽  
Makoto Ikeya
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Disease Modeling ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Induced Pluripotent ◽  
Number Of Publications

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells with fibroblast-like morphology and isolated from the bone marrow via plastic adhesion. Their multipotency and immunoregulatory properties make MSCs possible therapeutic agents, and an increasing number of publications and clinical trials have highlighted their potential in regenerative medicine. However, the finite proliferative capacity of MSCs limits their scalability and global dissemination as a standardized therapeutic product. Furthermore, adult tissue provenance could constrain accessibility, impinge on cellular potency, and incur greater exposure to disease-causing pathogens based on the donor. These issues could be circumvented by the derivation of MSCs from pluripotent stem cells. In this paper, we review methods that induce and characterize MSCs derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and introduce MSC applications to disease modeling, pathogenic mechanisms, and drug discovery. We also discuss the potential applications of MSCs in regenerative medicine including cell-based therapies and issues that should be overcome before iPSC-derived MSC therapy will be applied in the clinic.

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