Carry-over effects on growth and transpiration in Fagus sylvatica seedlings after drought at various stages of development

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 468-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Löf ◽  
N T Welander
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Unit Leaf ◽  
After Effect ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Mass Increase

In the two experiments carried out, newly emerged F. sylvatica seedlings were grown in pots with sand for 2 years in a controlled environmental chamber. Seedling dry mass, leaf area, and number of leaves decreased because of drought in the previous and in the current year. The decrease in area per leaf was due only to the current-year drought. Drought in both the previous and the current year reduced the number of shoots in the current year. Shoot length was mainly affected by previous-year drought. Current-year seedling transpiration decreased because of drought both in the previous and in the current year. The transpiration rate per unit leaf area was not affected by previous-year drought, whereas an after-effect was found within the growing season. The recovery of transpiration following a drought was up to 20 days. Water-use efficiency was influenced by drought during shoot development. The correlation between integrated transpiration and dry mass increase was high. This study shows that both previous as well as current environmental conditions must be taken into consideration when explaining seedling growth.

scholarly journals Effect of Nickel Applications for the Control of Mouse Ear Disorder on River Birch

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Ruter
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Nickel Sulfate ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Leaf Dry Mass ◽  
Birch Trees ◽  
Mouse Ear

Abstract Mouse ear (leaf curl, little leaf, squirrel ear) disorder has been a problem in container-grown river birch (Betula nigra L.) for several decades. The disorder is easy to detect in nurseries as the plants appear stunted due to shortened internodes which give the appearance of a witches-broom. The leaves are small, wrinkled, are often darker green in color, are commonly cupped and have necrotic margins. Plants grown in soil rarely express the disorder. A trial was initiated in June 2003 to determine if a deficiency of nickel was the cause of mouse-ear on river birch. Symptomatic river birch trees (Betula nigra ‘BNMTF’ Dura-Heat™) in their second growing season in #15 containers were selected for uniformity of size and mouse ear. Treatments included a 1) control, 2) 789 ppm Ni sprays, 3) 394 ppm Ni sprays, 4) 0.005 lbs Ni/yd3 as a drench, 5) 26 g/pot triple superphosphate (0–46–0), and 6) 130 g/pot Milorganite. Nickel was applied as nickel sulfate, whereas triple superphosphate and Milorganite contain trace amounts of nickel. At 16 days after treatment, up to 5 cm of new growth was evident on plants sprayed with nickel. Thirty days after treatment shoot length increased up to 60%, leaf area increased 80 to 83%, and leaf dry mass increased 76 to 81% for plants sprayed or drenched with nickel sulfate. Plants treated with triple superphosphate or Milorganite did not resume normal growth. All plants treated with nickel sulfate in 2003 did not show symptoms of mouse ear after initiation of growth in 2004. Based on this research mouse ear disorder of river birch is caused by a deficiency of nickel which can be corrected by foliar or drench applications of nickel sulfate.

Potted platycodon production in response to paclobutrazol

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Henrique Ferreira Sabino ◽  
José Antonio Saraiva Grossi ◽  
Toshik Iarley da Silva ◽  
Otávio Miranda Verly ◽  
Sebastião Martins Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Diameter ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Ornamental Species

ABSTRACT Platycodon grandiflorus is an ornamental species that can be marketed as a potted flower; however, it has fragile and bending floral stems. Plant growth regulators, such as paclobutrazol, are compounds that reduce stem elongation, enabling the production of plants with a more compact formation. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of paclobutrazol on platycodon growth, in a greenhouse. A completely randomized blocks experimental design was used in a 4 × 5 factorial scheme, with four replicates. The treatments consisted of four varieties of ‘Astra Semi-Double’ platycodon (Blue, Lavender, Pink and White) and five paclobutrazol doses (0, 1.25, 2.5, 3.75 and 5.0 mg pot-1). The paclobutrazol application did not affect the stem diameter, number of leaves, days until anthesis, number of flowers or flower buds, and flower diameter. The shoot length, leaf area and shoot dry mass decreased with higher doses of the growth regulator. Lavender showed the highest values for shoot length, number of leaves, leaf area and shoot dry mass. Pink had the earliest anthesis, followed by Blue and White, whereas Lavender had the latest anthesis. The dose of 3.75 mg pot-1 of paclobutrazol efficiently controlled the growth and improved the visual quality of all the platycodon varieties.

scholarly journals PHOSPHATE AND POTASSIUM FERTILIZATION FOR RADISH GROWN IN A LATOSOL WITH A HIGH CONTENT OF THESE NUTRIENTS

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 412-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
ARTHUR BERNARDES CECÍLIO FILHO ◽  
ALEXSON FILGUEIRAS DUTRA ◽  
GILSON SILVERIO DA SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Plant Leaf ◽  
Potassium Fertilization ◽  
Chemical Fertilization ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Better Than

ABSTRACT The intensive cultivation of vegetables with frequent chemical fertilization may cause accumulation of nutrients in the soil. This, in turn, may reduce crop yields and damage the environment due to contamination of ground water and rivers. Thus, to increase the effects of P (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 kg ha -1 of P2O5) and K (0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 kg ha-1 of K2O) doses on the growth and productivity of radish cultivars (Sakata 19 and Sakata 25) in a soil with high levels of these nutrients, two experiments were conducted in randomized blocks with the factors cultivars and doses arranged in a 2 x 5 factorial design with three replications. Number of leaves per plant, leaf area, shoot and root dry mass, total and commercial productivity, percentage of cracked roots and P and K contents in the plant and in the soil were evaluated. The Sakata 19 cultivar performed better than the Sakata 25 in both experiments. The fertilization with P or K did not influence the growth and the productivity of both radish cultivars. Therefore, both cultivars of radish evaluated do not need to be fertilized with P and K when planted in a Latosol with high levels of these nutrients.

scholarly journals EMISSÃO DE ÓXIDO NITROSO ASSOCIADO AO USO DE UREIA NO CULTIVO DE MELÃO AMARELO

Nativa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 600
Author(s):  
Vanessa Cláudia Vasconcelos Segundo ◽  
Renato Innecco ◽  
Ebenézer De Oliveira Silva
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Root Part ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Brazilian Northeast ◽  
Total Soil Nitrogen

O meloeiro tem grande importância econômica para o Nordeste brasileiro. Entretanto, em seu cultivo utiliza-se insumos que podem prejudicar o ambiente; como, os fertilizantes nitrogenados. Objetivou-se avaliar a emissão de N2O em cultivo de meloeiro amarelo ‘Goldex’. O experimento foi instalado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram: 0 (controle), 1,0; 1,5 e 2 vezes a quantidade de nitrogênio recomendada para cada estádio. Foi analisado o fluxo de N2O, área foliar, número de folhas, massa seca da parte aérea, massa seca dos frutos, massa seca da parte radicular, nitrogênio total do solo, das plantas e N (NH4+ e NO3-) do solo. O fluxo de N2O teve comportamento temporal irregular durante a fase de plântulas e crescente na floração. Os tratamentos afetaram significativamente a área foliar, número de folhas, massa seca da parte aérea, massa seca da parte radicular, nitrogênio da parte aérea e parte radicular das plantas e do solo. A aplicação de nitrogênio, em dosagens superiores à recomendada, não aumentou a produção do meloeiro. E o cálculo do fator de emissão mostrou que a emissão do N2O não atingiu valores prejudiciais ao ambiente.Palavras-chave: fator de emissão, efeito estufa e nitrogênio. NITROUS OXIDE EMISSION ASSOCIATED WITH UREA USE THE YELLOW MELON CROP ABSTRACT: The melon has great economic importance for the Brazilian Northeast. However, in its cultivation uses inputs that can harm the environment; Such as nitrogen fertilizers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the emission of N2O in yellow 'Goldex' cultivar. The experiment was installed in a completely randomized design with five replications. The treatments were: 0 (control), 1.0; 1.5 and 2 times the amount of nitrogen recommended for each stage. N2O flux, leaf area, leaf number, shoot dry mass, fruit dry mass, dry mass of the root portion, total soil nitrogen, of the plants and N (NH4 + and NO3 -) of the soil were analyzed. The flow of N2O had irregular temporal behavior during the seedling phase and increased in flowering. The treatments affected significantly the leaf area, number of leaves, dry mass of the aerial part, dry mass of the root part, nitrogen of the aerial part and root part of the plants and the soil. The application of nitrogen, in dosages higher than the recommended one, did not increase the production of the melon. And the calculation of the emission factor showed that the emission of N2O did not reach values harmful to the environment.Keywords: emission fator, greenhouse and nitrogen.

Root, shoot and leaf traits of the congeneric Styrax species may explain their distribution patterns in the cerrado sensu lato areas in Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Habermann ◽  
Anna C. G. Bressan
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Deep Roots ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Forest Habitats

Shoot and root lengths, the number of leaves, biomass and leaf area were measured in Styrax ferrugineus Nees and Mart., Styrax camporum Pohl. and Styrax pohlii A. DC cultivated in rhizotrons. Additionally, young individuals of these species were planted in a cerrado sensu stricto (s. str.), at the edge and in the understorey of a cerradão, and in the understorey of a riparian forest. Six months after planting, the specific leaf area (SLA) and the CO2 assimilation rate were assessed on an area (Aarea) and mass (Amass) basis. S. ferrugineus exhibited greater root and lower shoot length in comparison to S. pohlii. The high shoot growth and concomitantly substantial root length of S. camporum may illustrate why this species is widely distributed in the cerrado sensu lato areas, whereas the deep roots of S. ferrugineus could account for its occurrence in the cerrado s. str. In the field, an irradiance-diminishing gradient enlarged the SLA of S. pohlii, which positively influenced its Amass, and which could partially explain its occurrence in shady habitats. However, a non-plastic trait, such as the high shoot length of S. pohlii, is more likely to be responsible for the success of this species in forest habitats.

scholarly journals MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PLASTICITY OF SAPLINGS OF Cabralea canjerana (Vell.) MART. IN DIFFERENT LIGHT CONDITIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Paula Lora Zimmermann ◽  
Frederico Dimas Fleig ◽  
Luciane Almeri Tabaldi ◽  
Suelen Carpenedo Aimi
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Lower Content ◽  
Physiological Plasticity ◽  
Chlorophyll A And B ◽  
Number Of Leaves

ABSTRACT This work was carried out to verify the plasticity of saplings of Cabralea canjerana plants and their capacity to adapt to different light environments by means of morphological and physiological characteristics. For this, 12 plants of a secondary Deciduous Seasonal Forest fragment were selected, six growing under canopy and six in full sun. Trees were classified according to their sociological position as emergent and dominated. The leaves were classified as apical, intermediate and basal according to their position in the canopy. The variables measured were: total number of leaves, width, length, thickness, leaf area and dry mass of leaflets; content of chlorophyll a and b and carotenoids. Emergent leaflets of the upper position of the canopy in full sun, which are considered the most exposed to luminosity, presented xeromorphic characteristics such as leaflet size reduction, greater limbus thickness, smaller leaf area and lower content of chlorophyll b. The similarity in the dry mass and pigment content demonstrates that the photosynthetic activity of the C. canjerana plants analyzed is not being affected by the different conditions of the environment, which demonstrates the plasticity of the species and its capacity of development in several light conditions.

scholarly journals Effects of lead on seedling growth of spesia populnea

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 194-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kabir ◽  
M.Z. Iqbal ◽  
M. Shafiq ◽  
Z.R. Farooqi
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Thespesia Populnea ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Number Of Leaves

The effects of lead on root, shoot and seedling length, leaf area, number of leaves, plant circumference, seedling dry weight, root/shoot and leaf area ratios of <I>Thespesia populnea</I> L. were determined in greenhouse under natural environmental conditions with and without phytotoxic metal ions at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 µmol/l. Lead treatments have a strong influence on the growth and development of <I>T</I>. <I>populnea</I> by reducing significantly (<I>P</I> &lt; 0.05) all the above parameters. Lead treatment at 5–25 µmol/l produced significant (<I>P</I> &lt; 0.05) effects on seedling and root length, plant circumference and seedling dry weight of <I>T</I>.<I> populnea,</I> while lead treatment at 10–25 µmol/l produced significant (<I>P</I> &lt; 0.05) effects on shoot length, number of leaves and leaf area as compared to control. Tolerance in <I>T</I>.<I> populnea</I> seedling at 25 µmol/l of lead treatment was lowest as compared to all other treatments.

Seed dimorphism in relation to germination and growth of Cakile edentula

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 1231-1235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianhua Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Leaf Area Ratio ◽  
Cakile Edentula ◽  
Shoot To Root Ratio ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Germination And Growth

Previous studies showed that the two seed morphs produced from the upper and lower fruit segments of Cakile edentula differed significantly in their germinability and carry-over effects on the growth of the subsequent plants. By partitioning variables into seed-morph and seed-mass components, this study suggests that both seed germination and the growth of the subsequent plants depend on seed mass rather than seed morph. Plants from large seeds generally had greater leaf area, shoot to root ratio, biomass, and smaller leaf area ratio than those from small seeds. Within the same seed-mass class, plants from the lower fruit segment showed greater shoot to root ratio only at the end of the experiment. Since specific leaf area, leaf area ratio, and shoot to root ratio depended significantly on plant dry mass, the effect of seed mass on these variables may be actually achieved indirectly through the influence on plant size. Key words: seed dimorphism, seed mass, maternal effect, germination, growth, Cakile edentula.

scholarly journals Effects of plant growth regulators in heliconia ‘Red Opal’

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 301
Author(s):  
Ana Cecilia Ribeiro de Castro ◽  
Fernando José Hawerroth ◽  
Carlos Alberto Kenji Taniguchi ◽  
Tiago Freitas Silva ◽  
Nazaré Suziane Soares
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
One Year

The objective of this study was to evaluate growth regulators with purpose of reducing the size of heliconia ‘Red Opal’ potted plants. The experiment was carried out in randomized block design with five treatments (trinexapac-ethyl and paclobutrazol at rates of 37.5 and 75.0 mg of active ingredient per pot and control without growth regulator) and five replicates. The treatments were applied 40 days after planting the rhizomes in pots filled with soil. Thirty and 150 days after the growth regulator application, plant height, number of leaves and shoots, petioles length and leaf area were evaluated. One year after planting the rhizomes in pots the number of inflorescence and leaves (leaves, sheathing leaf bases and inflorescences) and rhizomes (rhizomes and roots) dry mass were determined. Trinexapac-ethyl had no differences compared to the control in any of the variables evaluated. Paclobutrazol proved effective in reducing plant height, leaf area and petiole length and increase in number of leaves and shoots but the effect was temporary. Also, it did not affect the inflorescences production and leaves and rhizomes dry mass. Paclobutrazol is efficient to promote height reduction and to increase the number of shoots in heliconia ‘Red Opal’ potted plants without affect the inflorescence formation but its effects is temporary.

scholarly journals Effects of gamma rays on germination and growth in Jatropha curcas L.

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 964-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dileswar Nayak ◽  
N. S. Patil ◽  
L. K. Behera ◽  
D. B. Jadeja
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Jatropha Curcas L ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Collar Diameter

The present investigation was carried out at the Forestry Research Farm, Navsari Agricultural University; Navsari to evaluate the gamma rays at 10 kR, 20 kR and 30 kR induced variability in Jatropha curcas L. on germination, growth and yield for seven Jatropha genotypes (Phule J-1, Urlikanchan, Hansraj, SKN Big, Chhatrapati, Hansot and MPJ-55). The significantly maximum germination percentage (66.96%), seedling survival (74.18%), seedling collar diameter (0.958cm), shoot length (49.442cm), number of leaves per seedling (7.757) and leaf area (37. 58)was observed in Chhatrapati genotype during nursery stage. While low rate of gamma rays treatment (10 kR) had stimulatory effect for germination percentage, seedling survival, seedling collar diameter, shoot length, number of leaves per seedling and leaf area. However, higher gamma rays doses (30 kR) drastically reduced all studied characters. The interaction effect of genotype and gamma rays were significant for number of leaves per seedling. Further, it was not significant in other traits like germination percentage, seedling survival, seedling collar diameter, shoot length and leaf area.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document