Effects of clear-cutting, thinning, and wood moisture content on the susceptibility of Norway spruce stumps to Heterobasidion annosum

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 759-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malin Bendz-Hellgren ◽  
Jan Stenlid
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Heterobasidion Annosum ◽  
Wood Moisture ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Almost All

The effects of clear-cutting and thinning as well as heartwood and sapwood moisture content on spore infection by Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. were investigated in summer cuttings in southern and central Sweden. At five sites, 20-100 stumps in clear-cut, thinned, and precommercially thinned stands of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) were created and left for natural spore infection. An additional 20 stumps per stump type and site were artificially inoculated with conidiospores of H. annosum. The probability of natural infection was 0.73 and 0.53 for stumps in thinned and clear-cut stands, respectively. Almost all (95%) of the artificially inoculated stumps in thinned and clear-cut stands became colonized, and no differences due to stump type were found. The probability of infection of stumps in precommercially thinned stands was lower than for the other stump types of both naturally and artificially inoculated stumps. The proportion of colonized sapwood was reduced with increasing moisture content. Stump colonization seemed unaffected by temperature, even though stump temperatures exceeded 40°C for 2 h at one site.

scholarly journals Ways to use silver birch Betula pendula Roth regeneration in sites considered for stand conversion due to decline of Norway spruce Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. in the Silesian Beskid Mountains

2017 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-237
Author(s):  
Sławomir Ambroży ◽  
Tadeusz Zachara ◽  
Mariusz Kapsa ◽  
Elżbieta Chomicz-Zegar ◽  
Ruslan Vytseha
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Silver Birch ◽  
Partial Cutting ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Clear Cutting

Abstract One of the tree species appearing after a decline of Norway spruce Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. in the Silesian Beskid Mountains is Silver Birch Betula pendula Roth. Therefore our study was aimed at evaluating this birch regeneration and the dynamics of changes resulting from experimental cutting. Measurements and inventories of trees were conducted on research plots located in a ten-year old birch regeneration site with either no cutting, partial cutting (50%) or clear cutting (100%) of birch. We observed an introduction of biocenotic species (rowan, willow, aspen) as well as the target species (spruce, fir, beech) under the birch canopy. Fir and beech were also planted, because of their slow natural regeneration. The clear cut treatment caused a great number of sprouts growing from birch stumps, reaching a height of about 2 m over 3 years, resulting in competition with the regeneration of other species. Partial cutting did not cause such a drastic amount of sprouting. Furthermore, we found that only the spruce height increment is significantly less under a birch canopy compared to open space. The obtained results indicate a necessity to adjust the density and species composition of regenerating tree species under a birch canopy, avoiding complete removal of the first generation birch cover and the need to moderately thin out birch.

Early development of root rot in young Norway spruce planted on sites infected by Heterobasidion in southern Finland

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 604-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuula Piri
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Heterobasidion Annosum ◽  
Tree Stand ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Plantation Age ◽  
Armillaria Cepistipes ◽  
Experimental Plots ◽  
Armillaria Species

Root rot infections in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) regeneration, planted after the clear-cutting of spruce on sites infested by Heterobasidion, were investigated on 21 experimental plots in eight 2- to 23-year-old plantations. Heterobasidion root rot became evident about 10 years after planting and the proportion of infected spruces increased steadily with plantation age. The average number of planted spruces infected per old decayed stump was 0.2 trees in 2- to 9-year-old plantations, 0.8 trees in 11- to 15-year-old plantations, and 1.8 trees in 20- to 23-year-old plantations. About 10 and 20 years after planting, 7 and 23% of the planted spruces in the disease centers were infected by Heterobasidion. Heterobasidion parviporum Niemelä & Korhonen, and Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. s. str. caused 98 and 2% of the Heterobasidion infections in the previous spruce rotation, and 96 and 4% in the spruce regeneration, respectively. In all, 71% of the infected regeneration trees were attacked by a Heterobasidion genet that was also isolated from the stumps of the previous tree stand. Armillaria species (Armillaria borealis Marxmüller & Korhonen and Armillaria cepistipes Velenovský) were isolated from 7% of the planted spruces.

Three-dimensional structure of tubular air channels formed by Armillaria spp. in water-saturated logs of silver fir and Norway spruce

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (9) ◽  
pp. 1338-1345 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Metzler ◽  
U Hecht
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Wood Moisture Content ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Wood Moisture ◽  
Air Channels ◽  
Water Saturated

Water saturation of wood impedes the availability of oxygen necessary for wood decay. Storage of logs under water sprinkling is therefore used as an economic method in forestry. However, sapwood decay caused by Armillaria spp. was found in logs under water sprinkling, even at a wood moisture content of more than 150% (dry weight basis). Decay was associated with the formation of tubular air channels discernible as bright streaks extending from the cambial region into the sapwood. Their light colour results from different refraction of light in gas-filled versus water-filled wood structures. To examine the structure of the tubular air spaces in greater detail, we sampled wood of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst. and silver fir (Abies alba (Mill.)). Radial, transverse, as well as tangential sections of affected timber were examined, and a structural model of tubular air channels is presented. These structures are formed around wood rays by a tubular sheath of pseudoparenchymatous mycelium, which in its cellular structure is reminiscent of pseudosclerotial plates. This structure allows the efficiently located extrusion of water from water-saturated wood. The power necessary for this process is suggested to be the generation of gaseous CO2. Since the air channels are in contact with the external surface, they evidently act as a conduit allowing oxygen to enter and penetrate to a depth of several centimetres. By this unique arrangement of the tubular air channels, Armillaria spp. appear able to metabolize wood cells in an aerobic microenvironment within water-saturated wood. This results in wood decay leading to significant economic loss in stored timber despite the application of regular sprinkling.Key words: Armillaria spp., Picea abies, Abies alba, wood moisture content, oxygen supply, wood anatomy, wood decay.

scholarly journals The proportion of heartwood in conifer (Pinus sylvestris L., Picea abies [L.] H. Karst.) trunks and its influence on trunk wood moisture -

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 295-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Millers
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Average Moisture Content ◽  
Wood Moisture ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Different Ages

As the tree age increases, the formation of heartwood takes place in the central part of the tree. Since there is a large difference in the moisture content between sapwood and heartwood in conifers, the proportion of heartwood expressed in percentage is one of the most important factors influencing the average moisture of trunk wood. The aim of the research was to find out the changes in parameters of heartwood proportion and the changes in average trunk wood moisture parameters, depending on the age of the tree. To evaluate and compare the heartwood proportion in pine and spruce trunk and its moisture, sample plots were established throughout the territory of Latvia in 2011. These sample plots were established in stands of different ages (37–143 years). The total number of sample plots was 61–29 for pines with 246 sample trees and 32 sample plots for spruces with 270 sample trees. With the increase in the tree age from 60 to 140 years, the heartwood proportion increases and the average moisture content of trunk wood decreases. With an increase of the heartwood proportion in pine from 18% to 39%, the average moisture of trunk wood decreases from 108% to 86%, but with an increase of the heartwood proportion in spruce from 30% to 49%, the average moisture content of trunk wood decreases from 107% to 81%.  

scholarly journals The Profitability of Cross-Cutting Practices in Butt-Rotten Picea abies Final-Felling Stands

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kärhä ◽  
Räsänen ◽  
Palander
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Heterobasidion Annosum ◽  
Time And Motion ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Motion Studies ◽  
The Impact

Research Highlights: This study offers new information on the cross cutting of decayed stems with the sounding of short (0.5 m) offcuts and the bucking of longer (3.0 m) butt-rotten poles. Background and Objectives: The root and butt-rot fungus Heterobasidion annosum sensu lato (Fr.) Bref. causes wood quality damage to trees in softwood forests. When timber is harvested in butt-rotten forests, it is essential that the decayed part of the tree is recognized and cut away from a stem, while the healthy and good quality log section of a stem is cross cut with precision sawlogs. The objective of the study was to investigate the impact of two off-cutting methods on stem processing time, cutting productivity, sawlog volume, and commercial value at the roadside landing when harvesting timber from the butt-rotten Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) final-felling forests. Materials and Methods: The length of the short offcuts used was 0.5 m. The results of the cross-cutting practices were compared to the decayed pulpwood poles of 3 m from the butt of the rotten stems. Time and motion studies were carried out in stands before the profitability calculations. The study data consisted of 1980 Norway spruce sawlog stems. Results: Sounding of the short offcuts added significantly to the stem processing time of butt-rotten stems, but the sawlog volume and the timber value recovery of the stems were higher than those of the decayed pulpwood poles of 3 m. Conclusions: The study concluded that sounding of butt-rotten Norway spruce stems with one to three offcuts is economically profitable if the diameter of the decayed column at the stem stump’s height is small (≤5 cm). In contrast, when the width of the decay is larger (>5 cm), it is more profitable to first cross cut the decayed pulpwood pole of 3 m and then to observe the height of the decayed part of the stem.

Effets de la coupe à blanc et de la coupe par bandes sur la régénération obtenue après 5 ans dans des pessières noires du Québec

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Pominville ◽  
Jean-Claude Ruel
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Lower Proportion ◽  
The Other ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Coupe À Blanc

An experiment was conducted to compare the effects of traditional clear-cutting with those of strip cutting on regeneration of black spruce, Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P., stands on scarified and unscarified uplands and on lowlands. To that effect, regeneration surveys were done before cutting, in the following year, and 3 and 5 years after cutting. Five years after harvesting, strip cutting led to higher coniferous stocking than clear-cutting on scarified uplands and on lowlands. On unscarified uplands, the gain attributable to strip cutting was not significant. The coniferous stocking of strip cuts on scarified uplands was not greater than on unscarified uplands. So the efficiency of scarification could not be proved in that study. Stocking obtained after 5 years remained closely related to the one observed immediately after harvesting in the strip cufs as in the clear-cuttings. This is particularly true for balsam fir, Abiesbalsamea (L.) Mill. In the strip cuts, the balsam fir stocking was constant while the one of black spruce increased. This could have an impact on the evolution of the composition of the new stands and, consequently, on their vulnerability to spruce budworm, Choristoneurafumiferana (Clem.). The majority of the clear-cuttings were well regenerated 5 years after harvesting. Their average coniferous stocking was slightly above 60%. However, 48% of the clear-cuttings did not reach this level when only unscarified plots on uplands were considered. Advance growth was abundant in those plots but suffered high losses during harvesting. Consequently, reducing the losses during harvesting would result in a lower proportion of clear-cuttings with insufficient coniferous stocking 5 years after cutting. On the other hand, almost all the strip cuts with insufficient regeneration after harvesting were well regenerated 5 years later. Thus, strip cutting could be an interesting option on sites with insufficient advance growth and on sites well regenerated before cutting but where important losses during harvesting are anticipated.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document