Osmotic adjustment and its use as a selection criterion in Eucalyptus seedlings

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 2404-2408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge H. Lemcoff ◽  
Ana B. Guarnaschelli ◽  
Ana M. Garau ◽  
María E. Bascialli ◽  
Claudio M. Ghersa
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Water Stress Tolerance ◽  
Early Developmental Stages ◽  
Early Developmental

Osmotic adjustment was studied in 6-month-old seedlings of Eucalyptuscamaldulensis Dehnh., Eucalyptustereticornis Smith, Eucalyptusviminalis Labill., and Eucalyptusgrandis Hill ex Maiden. Because osmotic adjustment is related to water-stress tolerance, it can be used as a selection criterion of material adapted to drought. Half of the individuals of each species were submitted gradually to water stress, while the rest were maintained in soil at field capacity. Twenty-five days later the effect of stress on the development of osmotic adjustment was analyzed. All species had adjusted osmotically. The lowest osmotic adjustment was observed in E. camaldulensis and E. grandis (14.1% and 15.2%, respectively). Eucalyptusviminalis and E. tereticornis had values of 32.3% and 41.9%, respectively. Our results demonstrate that species differ significantly in their extent of osmotic adjustment under drought stress, and that it is possible to use this inductive plant feature as one of the criteria to select, during early developmental stages, Eucalyptus genotypes adapted to drought-prone environments. Some phylogenetic considerations are presented.

Water-stress tolerance and late-season organic solute accumulation in hybrid poplar

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1681-1688 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Tschaplinski ◽  
T. J. Blake
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Turgor Loss Point ◽  
Water Stress Tolerance ◽  
Organic Solute ◽  
The Relationship

Organic solute concentrations of five hybrid poplar cultivars were compared to determine the relationship between water-stress tolerance, tissue solute concentration, and growth rate under field conditions. In the expanding foliage of the faster growing Populus deltoides Bartr. × P. balsamifera L. (Jackii 4), the saturated osmotic potential and turgor loss point osmotic potential were 0.18 MPa and 0.47 MPa lower, respectively, than in the slower growing P. deltoides × P. balsamifera (Jackii 7). The expanding foliage of Jackii 4 had higher (ca. 50%) concentrations of organic solutes, attributable mainly to salicyl alcohol, salicin, sucrose, and an unidentified compound. The coupling of high productivity and stress tolerance in Jackii 4 suggests that these may be compatible rather than competing attributes. Water-stress studies on P. deltoides Bartr. × P. nigra L. (DN 22) under greenhouse conditions demonstrated that stressed trees accumulated 4 times the soluble sugar concentrations of well-watered trees, lowering the saturated osmotic potential by 0.55 MPa and turgor loss point osmotic potential by 1.0 MPa. Leaves were the primary site of osmotic adjustment to water stress and roots showed no adjustment. The use of repeated drying cycles in planting stock may aid survival of postplanting stress in species capable of osmotic adjustment. The relationship between stress tolerance and solute concentrations in the greenhouse water-stress study paralleled that of the field study.

scholarly journals Improvement of drought tolerance in rice using line X tester mating design and biochemical molecular markers

2022 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Almoataz Bellah Ali El-Mouhamady ◽  
Abdul Aziz M. Gad ◽  
Ghada S. A. Abdel Karim
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Hybrid Generation ◽  
Water Stress Tolerance ◽  
Rice Genotypes

Abstract Background Water stress, specifically the limited water resources needed to grow strategic crops, especially rice, poses a great threat to crop productivity. So, it was imperative that scientists all work together to try genetically improving the rice for drought tolerance in light of these environmental challenges. The aim of this study is trying to know the genetic behavior responsible for water-deficit tolerance in rice genotypes but at the molecular level. Moreover, this attempt will be an important leap in the process of genetic improvement in rice for water stress tolerance in Egypt. Results Twenty-three rice genotypes including eight parents and their fifteen F1 crosses or (the first hybrid generation) by line X tester analysis were evaluated for water stress tolerance during two experiments (the control and drought experiment) besides some molecular–biochemical studies for eight parents and the highest selected five crosses for water stress tolerance. The research revealed that five rice crosses out of fifteen hybrids were highly tolerant to water stress compared to the normal conditions. Data of biochemical markers indicated the presence of bands that are considered as molecular genetic markers for water-deficit tolerance in some rice genotypes, and this is the scientific progress achieved in this research. This was evident by increasing the density and concentration of SDS-protein electrophoresis besides enhancing the activities of peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) under water-deficit conditions, which confirmed the tolerance of drought stress in the eight rice genotypes and the best five crosses from the first hybrid generation. Conclusion The five promising and superior rice hybrids showed an unparalleled tolerance to water stress in all evaluated traits under water stress treatment compared to the standard experiment. Also, biochemical and molecular parameters evidence confirmed the existence of unquestionable evidence that it represents the main nucleus for producing rice lines tolerated for drought stress under Egyptian conditions.

scholarly journals Biostimulation of Maize (Zea mays) and Irrigation Management Improved Crop Growth and Water Use under Controlled Environment

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin ◽  
Lin ◽  
Wu ◽  
Chang
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Stress Tolerance ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Water deficits during the growing season are a major factor limiting crop production. Therefore, reducing water use during crop production by the application of regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) is crucially important in water resources. There are few reports on the biostimulants used for growth and water use efficiency (WUE) in maize (Zea mays Linn.) under RDI. Therefore, the influence of betaine and chitin treatments, alone and in combination, on maize cultivar ‘White Pearl’ was assessed by observing changes in the physiology and morphology of plants exposed to RDI. Plants were grown in plastic pots in greenhouses and maintained under full irrigation (FI) for 1 week until imposing RDI and biostimulants. Plants were then subjected to FI (no water deficiency treatment, field capacity >70%) and RDI (field capacity <50%) conditions until the end of each experiment. Plant agronomic performance, photosynthesis parameters, and WUE values were recorded weekly for 8 weeks and three individual experiments were carried out to assess the efficacy of biostimulants and irrigation treatments. Betaine (0, 50, and 100 mM/plant) was foliage-treated every 2 weeks during Experiment 1, but chitin (0, 2, and 4 g/kg) was applied to the soil at the beginning of Experiment 2. The optimal concentration of each chemical alone or in combination was then applied to the plants as Experiment 3. A factorial experiment design of two factors with different levels under a completely randomized arrangement was used in this investigation. Betaine (50 mM) or chitin (2 g/kg) treatments alone significantly elevated total fresh weight (63.03 or 124.07 g/plant), dry weight (18.00 or 22.34 g/plant), and cob weight (3.15 or 6.04 g/plant) and boosted the water-stress tolerance of the maize under RDI compared to controls. However, a combination treatment of 50 mM betaine and 2 g/kg chitin did not increase plant height, fresh shoot and root weights, dry cob weight, and total dry weight under RDI compared to controls. Soil-plant analysis development (SPAD) values (>30) were effective in detecting plant growth performance and WUE values under RDI. These findings may have greater significance for farming in dry lands and offer information for further physiological studies on maize WUE and water stress tolerance

scholarly journals Physiological Basis of Water Stress Tolerance in Soybean

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
KK Sarkar ◽  
MA Mannan ◽  
MM Haque ◽  
JU Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Genotypic Variability ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Water Stress Tolerance ◽  
Malondialdehyde Content ◽  
Soybean Genotypes

An experiment was conducted to study the effects of water stress on physiological parameters associated to drought tolerance in soybean at the Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh during January to April, 2015. Four soybean genotypes namely i) BU Soybean 1 ii) Binasoybean 1 iii) Galarsum and iv) BARI Soybean 5 were grown in two watering regimes viz. control (80% of the field capacity) and water stress (50% of the field capacity). Genotypic variability was found in water stress tolerance in soybean. Highest accumulation of leaf proline, sugar and water content and lower accumulation of malondialdehyde were found in Binasoybean 1 compared to other genotypes. Lowest yield reduction was found in Binasoybean 1. Binasoybean 1 showed relatively higher drought tolerance whereas BARI Soybean 5 was found susceptible to yield. It was found that higher water stress tolerance in Binasoybean 1 was associated with better water relations and higher accumulation of sugar and proline and lower accumulation of malondialdehyde content in leaf.Bangladesh Agron. J. 2015, 18(2): 71-78

Water-stress tolerance of black and eastern cottonwood clones and four hybrid progeny. I. Growth, water relations, and gas exchange

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 364-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.J. Tschaplinski ◽  
G.A. Tuskan ◽  
C.A. Gunderson
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Hybrid Progeny ◽  
Black Cottonwood ◽  
Eastern Cottonwood ◽  
Water Stress Tolerance

Water-stress tolerance of six clones in a pedigree consisting of black cottonwood (Populustrichocarpa Torr. & Gray, female) and eastern cottonwood (Populusdeltoides Bartr., male) parental clones and four hybrid progeny was investigated. Trees were grown outdoors in pots; well-watered trees were kept moist (soil water potential greater than −0.03 MPa), and stressed trees (soil water potential less than −2.0 MPa) were subjected to repeated cyclical stress of 1 or 2 days duration over the 14-week study. Male P. deltoides and the male clone 242 displayed the greatest degree of stress tolerance, as evidenced by greater osmotic adjustment at saturation (0.25 MPa) and maintenance of relative growth rate of the main stem under water stress at 100 and 69% of that of well-watered trees, respectively, compared with reductions to 50–58% for the other hybrid clones. However, differences in total plant dry weight under water stress were less obvious, with female clones allocating more carbon to branch production under well-watered conditions, which was further increased under water stress. Three of the four hybrids displayed some degree of osmotic adjustment at saturation after bud set, which was likely conferred by male P. deltoides. Screening clones of Populus for drought tolerance should take into account the segregating tendency of hybrids to allocate carbon to lateral meristems under stress.

scholarly journals Drought Stress Impacts on Plants and Different Approaches to Alleviate Its Adverse Effects

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 259
Author(s):  
Mahmoud F. Seleiman ◽  
Nasser Al-Suhaibani ◽  
Nawab Ali ◽  
Mohammad Akmal ◽  
Majed Alotaibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Compatible Solutes ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Water Stress Tolerance ◽  
Adaptation Mechanisms

Drought stress, being the inevitable factor that exists in various environments without recognizing borders and no clear warning thereby hampering plant biomass production, quality, and energy. It is the key important environmental stress that occurs due to temperature dynamics, light intensity, and low rainfall. Despite this, its cumulative, not obvious impact and multidimensional nature severely affects the plant morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular attributes with adverse impact on photosynthetic capacity. Coping with water scarcity, plants evolve various complex resistance and adaptation mechanisms including physiological and biochemical responses, which differ with species level. The sophisticated adaptation mechanisms and regularity network that improves the water stress tolerance and adaptation in plants are briefly discussed. Growth pattern and structural dynamics, reduction in transpiration loss through altering stomatal conductance and distribution, leaf rolling, root to shoot ratio dynamics, root length increment, accumulation of compatible solutes, enhancement in transpiration efficiency, osmotic and hormonal regulation, and delayed senescence are the strategies that are adopted by plants under water deficit. Approaches for drought stress alleviations are breeding strategies, molecular and genomics perspectives with special emphasis on the omics technology alteration i.e., metabolomics, proteomics, genomics, transcriptomics, glyomics and phenomics that improve the stress tolerance in plants. For drought stress induction, seed priming, growth hormones, osmoprotectants, silicon (Si), selenium (Se) and potassium application are worth using under drought stress conditions in plants. In addition, drought adaptation through microbes, hydrogel, nanoparticles applications and metabolic engineering techniques that regulate the antioxidant enzymes activity for adaptation to drought stress in plants, enhancing plant tolerance through maintenance in cell homeostasis and ameliorates the adverse effects of water stress are of great potential in agriculture.

scholarly journals Interspecific Differences in Physiological and Biochemical Traits Drive the Water Stress Tolerance in Young Morus alba L. and Conocarpus erectus L. Saplings

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1615
Author(s):  
Zikria Zafar ◽  
Fahad Rasheed ◽  
Ahsan Ul Haq ◽  
Faridah Hanum Ibrahim ◽  
Shazia Afzal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soil Water Deficit ◽  
Water Stress Tolerance ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency

Mitigating climate change requires the identification of tree species that can tolerate water stress with fewer negative impacts on plant productivity. Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate the water stress tolerance of young saplings of C. erectus and M. alba under three soil water deficit treatments (control, CK, 90% field capacity, FC, medium stress MS, 60% FC and high stress, HS, 30% FC) under controlled conditions. Results showed that leaf and stem dry weight decreased significantly in both species under MS and HS. However, root dry weight and root/shoot ratio increased, and total dry weight remained similar to CK under MS in C. erectus saplings. Stomatal conductance, CO2 assimilation rate decreased, and intrinsic water use efficiency increased significantly in both species under MS and HS treatments. The concentration of hydrogen peroxide, superoxide radical, malondialdehyde and electrolyte leakage increased in both the species under soil water deficit but was highest in M. alba. The concentration of antioxidative enzymes like superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase also increased in both species under MS and HS but was highest in C. erectus. Therefore, results suggest that C. erectus saplings depicted a better tolerance to MS due to an effective antioxidative enzyme system.

Stomatal and physiological response of contrasting Z. mauritiana (Lamk.) clones to water stress

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
Fruit Drop ◽  
Water Stress Tolerance ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content

AbstractWater stress is one of the major limitations to fruit production worldwide. Identifying suitable indicators, screening techniques and quantifiable traits would facilitate the genetic improvement process for water stress tolerance. In the present study, we evaluated the ability of physiological parameters (Transpiration, E; Fv/Fm; leaf water potential, ψleaf; leaf temperature, LT; and, leaf relative water content, RWC) to distinguish between contrasting Z. mauritiana clones subjected to a 30-d drought cycle. Four field-grown clones Seb and Gola (tetraploid) and Q 29 and B 5/4 (diploid) were studied. By 30 d after the onset of water stress treatment, the E, Fv/Fm, ψleaf and RWC of drought-stressed plants had declined significantly in all genotypes compared to values of well-watered treatments. However, the reductions were more severe in leaves of diploid clones. Under drought stress, the Seb and Gola, maintained higher E (31.5%), Fv/Fm (6.28%), ψleaf; (11.2%), and RWC (9.3 %) than Q 29 and B 5/4 clones. In general, LT of drought-stressed plants was higher (~4°C) than that of well-watered plants but the relative increase was greater among later than former ones. Under maximum drought stress, LT of Seb and Gola clones was on average 3.0°C lower than that of Q 29 and B 5/4. Former clones yielded 20% more than later ones, mainly reason being (14.8%) less fruit drop as an effect of water stress. The results indicate that presented parameters can be reliable in screening for water stress tolerance ability, with Fv/Fm, ψleaf, RWC and LT having the added advantage of being easily and quickly assessed.

Fertilization and water stress interactions in young Eucalyptus grandis plants

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 1028-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corina Graciano ◽  
Juan J Guiamet ◽  
Juan F Goya
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Water Stress Tolerance ◽  
Mass Allocation

We determined whether fertilization with N and P affects water relations, and thereby water-stress tolerance, in young Eucalyptus grandis plants. To assess whether fertilization enhances osmotic adjustment under drought, 3-month-old E. grandis were planted in pots and fertilized with either N (1 g of urea) or P (12 g of calcium super phos phate). The soil was watered to attain one of two conditions: field capacity and –0.8 MPa. P fertilization when plants were well watered conditions increased solute accumulation, which might confer better performance under water stress. However, under water-stress conditions, nonfertilized and N-fertilized plants showed osmotic adjustment, while P-fertilized plants did not. P fertilization increased dry-mass allocation to leaves and decreased allocation to roots even under water-stress conditions. N-fertilized plants increased allocation to roots and maintained allocation to leaves under water-stress conditions in comparison with control plants, so they were not affected by water stress as much as P-fertilized plants were. This may explain why P fertilization increased growth when water was not limiting but had no effect under drought conditions. In the long term, changes in dry-mass allocation caused by P fertilization might increase susceptibility to water deficit.

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