Survival and growth of Pseudotsugamenziesii seedlings inoculated with biocide-treated soils at planting in a degraded clearcut

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1741-1749 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Colinas ◽  
D. Perry ◽  
R. Molina ◽  
M. Amaranthus
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Forest Plantation ◽  
Safe Site ◽  
Soil Animals ◽  
Nutrient Mineralization ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Stimulation Of

To determine the component(s) of transfer soils responsible for increased seedling survival and growth, we inoculated planting holes with forest, plantation, and clear-cut soils that were (i) treated with fertilizer to test for effects of nutrients; treated with biocides to test for effects of (ii) microarthropods or nematodes, (iii) protozoa, (iv) fungi, and (v) bacteria; (vi) pasteurized; (vii) Tyndallized; and (viii) untreated. Odds of survival were increased by inoculation with untreated plantation soils, but not if they were fertilized or treated with dimethoate + carbofuran (grazercide), fumagillin (protozoacide), or oxytetracycline + penicillin (bactericide). Addition of untreated forest soil did not increase survival. For all soils, survival odds were increased by captan (fungicide), pasteurization, and Tyndallization. Treatments affected seedling dry weights differently than survival. Untreated plantation and forest soil transfers increased dry weights whereas neither did when treated with dimethoate + carbofuran. Dry weights of seedlings given clear-cut soil were increased by fertilization, pasteurization, and Tyndallization of the soil; the latter two treatments also increased the number of short roots. We hypothesize that stimulation of seedling growth by soil transfers was related to an increased rate of nutrient mineralization due to microbivorous soil animals contained within the transfer soils. Soil transfers may have enhanced seedling survival by at least two mechanisms: (i) by providing a safe site for beneficial rhizosphere organisms to proliferate, free from competing organisms that have proliferated in the clear-cut soil; (ii) through volatile organic compounds that stimulated seedling root growth, especially ethylene, which previous studies have shown to be produced at significantly lower rates in soils of the clear-cut compared with adjacent forest soils. Further research is needed to distinguish between these possibilities.

Effect of soil transfer on ectomycorrhiza formation and the survival and growth of conifer seedlings on old, nonreforested clear-cuts

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 944-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Amaranthus ◽  
D. A. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Mature Forest ◽  
Sugar Pine ◽  
Mycorrhiza Formation ◽  
Soil Transfer ◽  
Survival And Growth

Small amounts (150 mL) of soil from established conifer plantations and mature forest were transferred to planting holes on three clear-cuts in southwest Oregon and northern California to enhance mycorrihiza formation. The clear-cuts, 8–27 years old and unsuccessfully reforested, included a range of environmental conditions. At Cedar Camp, a high-elevation (1720 m) southerly slope with sandy soil, transfer of plantation soils increased 1st-year Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedling survival by 50%. Notably, soil from a plantation on a previously burned clear-cut doubled mycorrhiza formation and tripled seedling basal area growth. Soil from mature forest did not improve survival and growth. Less dramatic effects owing to soil transfer were evident on other sites, which were lower in elevation and had clayey soils with greater water-holding capacity, and where woody shrubs had apparently preserved mycorrhizal fungi. At Crazy Peak (1005 m), seedling survival was uniformly good, and soil from a previously burned plantation increased Douglas-fir mycorrhiza formation. At Wood Creek (500 m), soil from a plantation on a previously unburned clear-cut increased mycorrhizal branching on sugar pine (Pinuslambertiana Dougl.) seedlings, but there was no other effect. Results suggest that adequate mycorrhiza formation is critical to seedling growth and survival on cold, droughty sites. Populations of mycorrhizal fungi, and perhaps other beneficial soil biota, decline if reforestation is delayed or other host plants are absent. These declines can be offset by soil transfer from the proper source; in this study, soil from vigorous young plantations.

scholarly journals Prunus Africana Provenances Growth and Survival Evaluation in the Highland of Awi zone, Amhara Region, North Western Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Demekristos
Keyword(s):  
Light Exposure ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Prunus Africana ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Establishment Rate

The aims of the study were to evaluate seedling growth and survival of Prunus africana provenances in awi highland based on ecological requirement of the tree. We measured survival and growth of three P.africana provenances seedlings found in Ethiopia (provenances sources namely: Gedeo, Jibat and Munnessa). Design of experiment with randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Seedlings planted at 2m, 2.5m and 3m distance between plants, plot, and blocks respectively. A plot size of 10mx10m and 25 plants are found per plot (0.01ha). We used ANOVA to test differences in survival, and growth among provenances over time. Results concluded that, provenances have no significant variation among in establishment rate, plant height and collar diameter growth. Of these provenances, Jibat was the first in establishment (56%), second in height (1.97m) and diameter (2.89cm). Gedeo was stood first in height (2.30m) but second in establishment rate (52%) and thickness(3.45cm), but Munessa with very good growth in diameter(3.59cm) might be prefreed for bark extraction followed by Gedeo, last in height (1.75m),but established second (52%). Contrary to expectations, seedlings were still at substantial risk of mortality ≥3 years after planting. Probably the plants survival rate and growth probably affected by altitude, soil water potential, light exposure, and wild animal presence in the surrounding. In steep slope sites, canopy shade, existing weed vegetation as well as wild animals such as apes is unlikely to enhance seedling survival after planting. Our results suggest that seedling mean growth increased with 0.008mm thickness and 0.41mm per day while 2.8mm thickness and 146.8mm tall increment recorded in 2560meter elevated high land or injibara with mean value of 18.5°C and rain fall is 1300mm.

scholarly journals Seedling Survival and Growth of Tree Species: Site Condition and Seasonality in Tropical Dry Forest Restoration

2014 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 313
Author(s):  
CLAUDIA ALVAREZ-AQUINO ◽  
GUADALUPE WILLIAMS-LINERA
Keyword(s):  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Tropical Dry Forest ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Cedrela Odorata ◽  
Guazuma Ulmifolia ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Tabebuia Rosea ◽  
Dry Forest Restoration ◽  
Ceiba Aesculifolia

La restauración del bosque tropical seco es prioritaria por ser el bosque más amenazado. En Veracruz, el bosque seco se ha reducido al 7% de su cobertura original. Nuestro objetivo fue determinar el efecto de la condición del sitio a restaurar y la estacionalidad en la supervivencia y tasa de crecimiento relativo en altura y diámetro de especies de árboles nativos. Estudiamos el desempeño de plántulas durante dos estaciones secas y dos lluviosas, y el efecto de la vegetación leñosa existente > 1 m de altura. Se trasplantaron 960 plantas: 40 individuos de seis especie (Cedrela odorata, Ceiba aesculifolia, Guazuma ulmifolia, Ipomoea wolcottiana, Luehea candida, Tabebuia rosea) en cuatro sitios abandonados. La supervivencia y la tasa de crecimiento relativo se registraron cada cuatro meses durante dos años. La mayor supervivencia se observó en sitios con mayor riqueza de especies arbóreas y la tasa de crecimiento relativo en altura estuvo positivamente correlacionada con la altura de la vegetación existente. La mayor tasa de crecimiento relativo para especies y sitios se registró durante la estación lluviosa. En el sitio con menos vegetación, el desempeño de las plántulas fue pobre y sólo Guazuma sobrevivió. Ceiba mostró la mayor supervivencia (82-90%) pero una tasa de crecimiento relativo baja; Guazuma presentó una supervivencia elevada (20-94%) y la mayor tasa de crecimiento relativo; Cedrela mostró la menor supervivencia (3-7%) y tasa de crecimiento relativo alta. Los resultados sugieren que la vegetación del sitio, la estacionalidad y las especies afectan el desempeño de las plántulas durante el establecimiento temprano. La implicación en términos de la restauración ecológica es la importancia de aprovechar la vegetación existente aunque ésta sea escasa.

Time-dependent Changes in Prostaglandin Excretion in Response to Frusemide in Man

1979 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Scherer ◽  
P. C. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Haemodynamic Effects ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Urinary Volume ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Urinary Potassium ◽  
The One ◽  
Vascular Compartment ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. To evaluate in man by a non-invasive technique the possible role of prostaglandin (PG) compounds in initial renal haemodynamic effects after frusemide we studied the urinary excretion of PGE2 and of PGF2α before and at 15 min and 120 min after intravenous injection of this drug. 2. An increase of PGE2 and of PGF2α excretion was found in all 19 volunteer subjects within 15 min after frusemide, and PG excretion had returned towards control values at 120 min. The stimulation of PGF2α excretion by frusemide was markedly lower in men than in women, but this difference was statistically not significant. 3. No clear-cut relation was found between urinary PG compounds, on the one hand, and urinary volume, urinary sodium and urinary potassium, on the other hand, during the study. 4. The results support the assumption that the rapid increase of urinary PG compounds after frusemide, which parallels the changes in renal haemodynamics, may be an indicator of an activation of the PG system, in part or predominantly, in the vascular compartment.

Container Volume Affects Survival and Growth of White Spruce, Black Spruce, and Jack Pine Seedlings: A Literature Review

1988 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Craig Sutherland ◽  
Robert J. Day
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Production Phase ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Survival And Growth

Abstract This paper is the first general review of the affects of container volume on the survival and growth of containerized white spruce, black spruce, and jack pine seedlings. The review shows that the literature on this topic is fragmentary and inconsistent. Seedling growth in the greenhouse production phase has been more completely quantified than subsequent establishment and growth after out-planting in the field. In the greenhouse production phase, seedling growth increased from 72 to 360% when the container volume was tripled in size. After outplanting in the field, seedling growth trends were more variable. Seedling height growth increased from 34 to 84% when container volume was tripled in size. Seedling survival was more difficult to assess because of limited data. Only white spruce showed a 10% increase in survival with an increase in container volume. The indications from this literature review suggest that nursery managers and practicing foresters should become more aware of the limitations imposed on seedling survival and growth due to container volume. To maintain optional survival and growth for white spruce, black spruce and jack pine, the container volume should range from 90 to 120 cm3. North. J. Appl. For. 5:185-189, Sept. 1988.

Light-dependent seedling survival and growth of four tree species in Costa Rican second-growth rain forests

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Iriarte Vivar Balderrama ◽  
Robin L. Chazdon
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Light Transmittance ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Growth Increments ◽  
Light Gradient ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Survival And Growth

The dependence of tree seedling survival and growth on light availability was evaluated over 15 mo in three second-growth, wet forest stands (15–18 y old) in north-eastern Costa Rica. Seedlings of four canopy tree species (Dipteryx panamensis, Hyeronima alchorneoides, Virola koschnyi and Vochysia guatemalensis) were planted into four canopy treatments in three replicated stands and in a pasture site, spanning a nearly complete gradient of light availability. Survival and growth of all species increased in response to increasing light availability, but species differed in survival in shaded microsites (6–20% light transmittance) and in growth increments per light increase. Hyeronima showed the highest mortality at low light levels and the highest relative height growth increase per light increase. In contrast, Virola showed high survival at low and moderate light, but showed the lowest leaf area and above-ground biomass per light increase among all species. Dipteryx and Vochysia maintained relatively high rates of survival and growth across the entire light gradient. Hyeronima and Virola showed trade-offs between growth and survival responses to light, unlike Dipteryx and Vochysia. Differences among species in seedling survival at low light may be determined by a variety of physiological and morphological traits that may or may not be mechanistically linked to growth responses.

Enrichment of big-leaf mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King) in logging gaps in Bolivia: The effects of planting method and silvicultural treatments on long-term seedling survival and growth

2011 ◽  
Vol 262 (12) ◽  
pp. 2271-2280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael M. Navarro-Cerrillo ◽  
Daniel M. Griffith ◽  
María José Ramírez-Soria ◽  
William Pariona ◽  
Duncan Golicher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Swietenia Macrophylla ◽  
Silvicultural Treatments ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Planting Method

Stand density, drought, and herbivory constrain ponderosa pine regeneration pulse

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 862-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Kolb ◽  
Kelsey Flathers ◽  
John B. Bradford ◽  
Caitlin Andrews ◽  
Lance A. Asherin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Survival Duration ◽  
Northern Arizona ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Pine Regeneration ◽  
Stand Thinning ◽  
Survival And Growth

Trees in dry forests often regenerate in episodic pulses when wet periods coincide with ample seed production. Factors leading to success or failure of regeneration pulses are poorly understood. We investigated the impacts of stand thinning on survival and growth of the 2013 cohort of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex P. Lawson & C. Lawson) seedlings in northern Arizona, United States. We measured seedling survival and growth over the first five growing seasons after germination in six stand basal areas (BAs; 0, 7, 14, 23, 34, and 66 (unthinned) m2·ha−1) produced by long-term experimental thinnings. Five-year survival averaged 2.5% and varied among BAs. Mean survival duration was longer in intermediate BAs (11 to 16 months) than in clearings and high BAs (5 months). The BAs of 7, 14, and 23 m2·ha−1 had >2600 5-year-old seedlings·ha−1. In contrast, regeneration was lower in the clearing (666 seedlings·ha−1) and failed completely in the 34 m2·ha−1 and unthinned treatments. Seedling survival was highest during wet years and lowest during drought years. Many surviving seedlings had no net height growth between years 4 and 5 because of stem browsing. Results indicate that natural regeneration of ponderosa pine is influenced by stand BA, drought, herbivory, and interactions between extreme climatic events.

Short-term Performance of Two Sulfonylurea Herbicides: Efficacy, Seedling Survival, and Growth

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-85
Author(s):  
Phillip E. Reynolds ◽  
Micheal J. Roden
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Term Performance ◽  
Survival Of Seedlings

Abstract Metsulfuron (ALLY or ESCORT), 36 and 72 g ai/ha (~ 0.5 and 1.0 oz ai/ac), and sulfometuron (OUST), 150, 300, and 450 g ai/ha (~ 2.1, 4.2, and 6.3 oz ai/ac), were applied to a northern New Brunswick clearcut (silty clay loam and silty clay soils) to reduce raspberry competition. Treatment, using skidder-mounted herbicide application equipment, occurred in May and August 1986, with planting of 2+2, bareroot, black spruce seedlings in June 1986 and in June 1987. Seedling survival and growth were measured yearly for 5 growing seasons after planting. By August 1991, raspberry cover was less in some treatments than in controls. Survival of seedlings planted 1 month after spring treatments was less than controls, and no significant stem volume increases were observed. Survival of seedlings planted approximately 1 yr after spring treatments was greater than that of control seedlings. Survival of seedlings planted after some summer treatments also was poor, and no significant stem volume increases were noted for seedlings planted after site preparation with sulfometuron. Optimal stem volume increases over control seedlings were observed for seedlings planted 1 yr after spring sulfometuron treatment. These increases occurred sooner than for seedlings planted 1 yr after spring metsulfuron treatment or after summer metsulfuron treatment. Fifth-year stem volume for these seedlings was correlated with raspberry cover (r² = 0.44), decreasing as raspberry cover increased. We conclude that the use of other less expensive silvicultural herbicides may provide equally effective raspberry control and better black spruce seedling survival and growth. North. J. Appl. For. 12(2):80-85.

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