Time-dependent Changes in Prostaglandin Excretion in Response to Frusemide in Man

1979 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Scherer ◽  
P. C. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Haemodynamic Effects ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Urinary Volume ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Urinary Potassium ◽  
The One ◽  
Vascular Compartment ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. To evaluate in man by a non-invasive technique the possible role of prostaglandin (PG) compounds in initial renal haemodynamic effects after frusemide we studied the urinary excretion of PGE2 and of PGF2α before and at 15 min and 120 min after intravenous injection of this drug. 2. An increase of PGE2 and of PGF2α excretion was found in all 19 volunteer subjects within 15 min after frusemide, and PG excretion had returned towards control values at 120 min. The stimulation of PGF2α excretion by frusemide was markedly lower in men than in women, but this difference was statistically not significant. 3. No clear-cut relation was found between urinary PG compounds, on the one hand, and urinary volume, urinary sodium and urinary potassium, on the other hand, during the study. 4. The results support the assumption that the rapid increase of urinary PG compounds after frusemide, which parallels the changes in renal haemodynamics, may be an indicator of an activation of the PG system, in part or predominantly, in the vascular compartment.

scholarly journals The Privilege of Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Evaluating Ovarian Tumors

QJM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A A Hafez ◽  
M A Nasr ◽  
N L Salman
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Radiology Department ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Ovarian Mass ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Non Invasive

Abstract Background Exclusion of malignancy in ovarian mass is of paramount importance. It is the most crucial step after identification of a mass and it has a profound effect on the patient's management. So, a reliable method with which to differentiate a benign from a malignant ovarian mass would provide a basis for optimal preoperative planning and may also reduce the number of unnecessary laparotomies for patients undergoing treatment for benign disease. Objective The aim of our study is to highlight the role of magnetic resonance spectroscopy as a non-invasive technique which may effectively assist in differentiating benign from malignant ovarian masses. Patients and Methods This study included 20 patients with adnexal masses as suggested by preliminary pelvic ultrasound examination. referred from the Gynecology Department to the Radiology Department at Ain shams university hospitals. nine were benign, two were borderline, and six were malignant tumors and 3 were hemorrhagic cyst. Endometriosis, tubo-ovarian abscess. Results Our study revealed sharp choline peak in some benign as well as some malignant cases and so Cho peak could not help in the differential diagnosis between benign and malignant tumors, creatine, lipid and NAA were detected in both benign and malignant tumors, also Choline/Creatine Ratio fairly can differentiate between benign and malignant tumors with cut off point = 3.750 at sensitivity = 75.0% & specificity = 100.0% . Conclusion Our study had some factors that affect the results. First, the sample size were not enough to achieve a good results, second, diversity of samples and the complicated tumor histopathologic and morphologic features.

Pearls and pitfalls: Neuroimaging in headache

Cephalalgia ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 554-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne May
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Primary Headache ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Hypothalamic Area ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Neurophysiological Studies

Premise One of the most exciting developments in modern neuroscience was the development of imaging techniques providing a non-invasive technique for detection of structure-function relationships characteristic of pain and headache. There is no question that neuroimaging has provided us with a better understanding of how the aura in migraine develops, and it has served as a bridge between neurophysiological studies and clinical findings, although doubtless several questions remain. Pearls Neuroimaging drew attention toward central mechanisms in idiopathic headache syndromes. Outstanding functional studies have reinforced the crucial role of the brainstem in acute and chronic migraine and the hypothalamic area in trigemino-autonomic headaches. Several morphometric studies suggest a decreased gray matter in pain-transmitting areas in headache patients; however, those have to be seen in the light of a wealth of pain studies and studies on exercise-dependent plasticity. Goal This review focuses on neuroimaging as a scientific tool and highlights the recent advances made in studying primary headache syndromes using functional and structural neuroimaging techniques. It will also point toward open questions and gives recommendations for future studies.

Locative Complements of Verbs of Movement in Czech

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 87-113
Author(s):  
Marta Ungermanová
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The One ◽  
Syntactic Properties ◽  
Made In

This paper describes the syntactic properties of three types of locative complements in Czech that are compatible with verbs of movement. The distinction between these complements (each with its own interpretation) is made in the first place on the basis of several formal criteria (in particular, involving the rich Czech morphology), and, in addition, on semantic criteria. It is examined whether there exists sufficient correspondence between these criteria, and in particular, to what extent they can satisfactorily classify locative complements into essential and circumstantial ones. It is shown that there is no clear-cut distinction between these two categories of locative complements with Czech movement verbs. Furthermore, the syntactic role of the locative complements is shown to depend mainly on the verb, but also on other elements of the sentence. Finally, on the basis of several examples, it is argued that, on the one hand, the form of the complement does not predict its syntactic role and interpretation and, on the other hand, that two different forms can share the same syntactic role and interpretation.

scholarly journals Theologians as Cultural Brokers: Transatlantic Translation of Ideas during the Emergence of Liberation Theology

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 406
Author(s):  
Antje Schnoor
Keyword(s):  
Liberation Theology ◽  
Latin American ◽  
The Other ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Cultural Brokers ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Theological Discourse ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

The paper sheds light on the transatlantic theological discourse during the emergence of liberation theology. It conceptualizes this discourse as a transatlantic communication process reframing it as a transfer and translation of ideas and concepts. Starting from this perspective, I prove the assumption that the transatlantic theological discourse reflected a Latin American claim to academic equity and I show that European reactions to liberation theology implied answers to that claim. As the focus is on the relationship between Latin America and Europe, the article illustrates the significant role of relationships marked by different forms of dependency (economic, political, intellectual) in the development of liberation theology. Furthermore, the paper argues that for a deeper understanding, it is misleading to speak about Latin American theologians on the one hand and European theologians on the other hand, as if it was about clear-cut groups with homogenous motivations, positions, and goals. On the contrary, there were advocates and opponents of liberation theology on both sides of the Atlantic who moreover formed transatlantic alliances. The paper calls those theologians cultural brokers, since they communicated and mediated across the Atlantic.

scholarly journals Transcranial theta-burst stimulation of primary sensory cortex attenuates somatosensory threat memory in humans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karita E Ojala ◽  
Matthias Staib ◽  
Samuel Gerster ◽  
Christian C Ruff ◽  
Dominik R Bach
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Cortex ◽  
Initial Stimulus ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Primary Sensory Cortex ◽  
Complex Stimuli ◽  
Sensory Cortices ◽  
Theta Burst ◽  
Stimulation Of

Sensory cortices are required for learning to discriminate complex stimuli that predict threat from those that predict safety in rodents. Yet, sensory cortices may not be needed to learn threat associations to simple stimuli. It is unknown whether these findings apply in humans. Here, we investigated the role of primary sensory cortex in discriminative threat conditioning with simple and complex somatosensory conditioned stimuli (CS) in healthy humans. Immediately before conditioning, participants received continuous theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation (cTBS) to primary somatosensory cortex either in the CS-contralateral or CS-ipsilateral hemisphere. After overnight consolidation, threat memory was attenuated in the contralateral compared to the ipsilateral group, as indicated by reduced startle eye-blink potentiation. There was no evidence for a difference between simple and complex stimuli, or that CS identification or conditioning was affected, suggesting a stronger effect of cTBS on consolidation than on initial stimulus processing. We propose that non-invasive stimulation of sensory cortex may provide a new avenue for interfering with threat memories in humans.

scholarly journals Role of Dermoscopy in the Assessment of Basal Cell Carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loredana Ungureanu ◽  
Ioana Cosgarea ◽  
Simona Şenilǎ ◽  
Alina Vasilovici
Keyword(s):  
Basal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Basal Cell ◽  
Residual Disease ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Ablative Therapies ◽  
Vascular Structures

Basal cell carcinoma is one of the most common cancers in white people, with a continuous increase worldwide. Dermoscopy, a non-invasive technique, allows early diagnosis based on the presence of typical vascular structures, pigmented structures, and ulceration and the absence of specific melanocytic structures. Moreover, dermoscopy is useful in basal cell carcinoma management, enabling the differentiation between multiple histological subtypes, between pigmented and non-pigmented variants and allowing a more accurate assessment of surgical margins. After non-ablative therapies, dermoscopy allows the accurate detection of residual disease. The purpose of this review is to highlight the dermoscopic features encountered in basal cell carcinoma and to outline the role of dermoscopy for diagnosis and therapeutic response in this cancer.

scholarly journals ComDev in the Mediatized World

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (Special-Issue) ◽  
pp. 229-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Hemer ◽  
Thomas Tufte
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Change Processes ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Communication For Development ◽  
The One ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Media And Communication

Abstract In late 2011 we are in the beginning of a revolution that may or may not turn out to be more far-reaching than the one unleashed in 1989. A common denominator in this resurging revolution is the mobilizing power of the so-called social media. Even if labels such as the Twitter or Facebook revolution are rightfully refuted, the on-going Arab Spring is a clear-cut example of an unprecedented communication power, largely out of the authorities’ control. While the crucial role of media and communication in processes of social change at last becomes evident, it is however not associated with the field of communication for development and social change. While that field historically has been about developing prescriptive recipes of communication for some development, it is time attention is refocused to the deliberative, non-institutional change processes that are emerging from a citizens’ profound and often desperate reaction to the global now.

Mönckeberg’s Disease of the Lower Limb

2021 ◽  
pp. 153857442098744
Author(s):  
Enrique M. San Norberto ◽  
Álvaro Revilla ◽  
Carlos Vaquero
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Calcification ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Colour Doppler ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Tibial Arteries ◽  
Medial Sclerosis ◽  
Transmetatarsal Amputation ◽  
Toe Brachial Index

Vascular calcification represents a group of several pathological states of differing aetiologies. Mönckeberg medial sclerosis is considered to be more widespread in the lower abdominal region and lower limbs. We present a 59-years-old male patient presented right foot gangrene. At physical exploration, femoral and popliteal pulses were presented and the ankle-brachial pressure index was 0.45, and the toe-brachial index was 0.33. The patient underwent distal angioplasty of anterior and posterior tibial arteries and due to inaccurate evolution a transmetatarsal amputation was required. Mönckeberg’s medial sclerosis is diagnosed with an ABI>1.1, however, questions have been raised about the validity and the role of ABI in diagnosis of Mönckeberg’s medial sclerosis. Colour-doppler vascular ultrasound allow a non-invasive technique widely available to detect vascular calcification and to differentiation between Mönckeberg’s medial sclerosis and the atherosclerosis-related lesions.

15 Stimulating the brain with sound: focused ultrasound for neuromodulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (8) ◽  
pp. e6.2-e6
Author(s):  
Chris Butler
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Motion Detection ◽  
Focused Ultrasound ◽  
Visual Motion ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Auditory Masking ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Visual Motion Detection

Chris Butler studied medicine at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge (1991–1994) and then at the University of Edinburgh (1994–1997). He conducted his PhD on the syndrome of transient epileptic amnesia under the supervision of Professor Adam Zeman. He worked as a post-doctoral fellow at the Memory and Aging Center, University of California at San Francisco and moved to Oxford in 2009. He was awarded a Clinician Scientist fellowship from the Medical Research Council in 2013.Transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) is emerging as a potentially powerful, non-invasive technique for focal brain stimulation. TUS uses low intensity focused ultrasound delivered through the skull to cause direct modulation of neuronal function. In animal studies, TUS has been shown to modulate activity in several brain areas, including sensorimotor regions, visual cortex, frontal eye fields, anterior cingulate cortex and thalamic targets, resulting in behavioural as well as electrophysiological changes. Several studies have shown that TUS can be applied safely to healthy human participants to modulate behaviour and neural activity in brain regions including somatosensory, visual, and motor cortex as well as to deeper thalamic nuclei. These data have resulted in TUS emerging as a safe, potent, non-invasive brain stimulation tool, with better spatial accuracy and greater depth than established techniques such as transcranial magnetic or electrical stimulation. I will review these studies and discuss recent work of our own in which we studied, for the first time, TUS effects on higher-order human cortex.We investigated whether TUS can modulate higher-order visual processing both in superficial (middle temporal area (MT)) and deep (fusiform face area (FFA)) regions. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to map skull anatomy and functional regions of interest (MT and FFA) for each participant (n=16). To control for non-specific effects, auditory masking was applied during the tasks. EEG data were collected throughout. Auditory masking reduced subjective stimulation detection to chance level and abolished auditory evoked potentials. Ultrasonic stimulation of MT led to facilitation of visual motion detection in the contralateral hemifield, with no effect upon face identity detection. Stimulation of FFA did not affect visual motion detection performance. We show that TUS can be used in humans to modify behaviour and electrophysiological activity in higher-order visual pathways in a task- specific and anatomically precise manner.

Interactions between postprandial thermogenesis, sensory stimulation of feeding, and hunger

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (4) ◽  
pp. R936-R940 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. LeBlanc ◽  
J. Soucy
Keyword(s):  
Control Experiment ◽  
Sensory Stimulation ◽  
O2 Consumption ◽  
Feeding Experiment ◽  
Sham Feeding ◽  
Preceding Experiment ◽  
The One ◽  
Postprandial Thermogenesis ◽  
Stimulation Of

An early thermogenic response has been described following the ingestion of palatable food. This study was designed to investigate the possible relationship between this so-called cephalic response, the sensory stimulation of feeding, and the declining feeling of hunger as the meal progresses. O2 consumption, carbohydrate and lipid oxidation, as well as ratings of hunger were measured in four experimental situations in which the subjects, after overnight fast, ate either two small caramel cakes at one time or the same amount of calories divided in eight portions that were eaten at 10-min intervals. The third experiment, the sham-feeding experiment, was similar to the last one except that the food was spit out instead of being swallowed after being chewed. A control experiment was added in which no food was given but during which the subject mimicked the act of chewing as was done in the preceding experiment. A small increase in O2 consumed was observed in the control experiment. After the one-meal experiment, the increase was larger for the first 90 min and declined thereafter. During the first 40 min of the sham-feeding experiment, O2 consumption increased more than when the eight meals were eaten, indicating that during this period the sensory stimulation per se is responsible for the cephalic thermic response to food. At 90 min, the ratings of hunger were diminished not only in the eight meals experiment but in the eight sham meals experiment as well, showing the role of sensory stimulation in the control of hunger. These results indicate a possible causal relationship between the cephalic thermogenesis, the control of hunger, and the prandial sensory stimulations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document