Release in radial growth in the trunk and structural roots of white spruce as measured by dendrochronology

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1550-1556 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.T. Urban ◽  
V.J. Lieffers ◽  
S.E. Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
The Road ◽  
Wind Exposure ◽  
Structural Roots ◽  
A New Technique

We used a new technique to examine the response of the trunk and structural roots of white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) to an increase in wind exposure. Ring widths were measured in the roots and trunks of trees located within a 120-year-old, boreal mixedwood stand (control) and at the edge of a road built through the stand 16 years before sampling (released). The observed ring widths were divided by widths predicted from regression to produce ring indices. Response indices were produced by subtracting the ring indices of control trees from those of released trees. Allocation indices were produced by subtracting the ring indices of trunks from those of roots. A final index, quantifying the change in allocation to the root and trunk after road clearing, was produced by subtracting allocation indices of control trees from those of released trees. Following the road clearing, the rate of trunk diameter growth remained unchanged for 3–9 years, while root diameter growth increased. These observations suggest that trunk growth may be suppressed for some years following road clearing as a result of increased root growth. The increase in root growth may help stabilize trees after exposure to increased wind stress by increasing the amount of root wood anchoring and supporting them.

scholarly journals Transplant Timing Affects First-season Root Growth of Turkish Hazelnut (Corylus colurna L.)

HortScience ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 805-807
Author(s):  
J. Roger Harris ◽  
Richard Smith ◽  
Jody Fanelli
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Refrigerated Storage ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Successful Establishment ◽  
Bare Root ◽  
Root Observation

Rapid posttransplant root growth is often a determining component of successful establishment. This study tested the effect of transplant timing on first-season root growth dynamics of bare-root Turkish hazelnut trees. Trees were either harvested and planted in the fall (F-F), harvested in the fall and planted in the spring after holding in refrigerated storage (F-S), or harvested and planted in the spring (S-S). All trees were transplanted into 51-L containers, adapted with root observation windows. Root growth began in F-F and F-S trees 1-2 weeks before spring budbreak, but was delayed in S-S trees until ≈3 weeks after budbreak. Budbreak was 6 days earlier for fall-harvested than for spring-harvested trees. No new roots were observed before spring. Root length accumulation against observation windows (RL) was delayed for S-S trees, but rate of increase was similar to F-F and F-S trees soon after growth began. Seasonal height, trunk diameter growth, and RL were similar among treatments. Surface area of two-dimensional pictures of entire rootballs was not correlated with seasonal RL.

Observation of Wind-Loading Influences in Nonconcentric Radial Root Growth in Two Maple Species

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Grabosky
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Wind Loading ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Wind Exposure ◽  
Root Plate ◽  
Root Size

In 2010 and 2016, Acer saccharinum and Acer rubrum roots were harvested and processed into transverse serial sections to observe crosssectional radial growth patterning in response to wind. Trees on the edge of a plantation and from interior positions were selected, and windward/leeward roots were targeted for a comparative assessment. While some observations were suggestive of a response to wind exposure, they were not definitive. Particularly in the windward versus leeward comparison within either edge or interior ground in terms of root size or radial growth pattern, there were no differences observed. In general, the loss of observed upward radial growth bias very closely coincided with the ending of the Zone of Rapid Taper in the architecture of the root plate.

Radial Growth Decline of White Spruce (Picea glauca) During Hot Summers without Drought: Preliminary Results from a Study Site South of a Boreal Forest Border

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Lapenis ◽  
George Robinson ◽  
Gregory B. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Summer Precipitation ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Southern Limit ◽  
Central New York ◽  
Growth Decline ◽  
Hot Days

Here we investigate the possible<sup></sup> future response of white spruce (Picea glauca) to a warmer climate by studying trees planted 90 years ago near the southern limit of their climate tolerance in central New York, 300 km south of the boreal forest where this species is prevalent. We employed high-frequency recording dendrometers to determine radial growth phenology of six mature white spruce trees during 2013-2017. Results demonstrate significant reductions in the length of radial growth periods inversely proportional to the number of hot days with air temperature exceeding 30 oC. During years with very hot summers, the start of radial growth began about 3 days earlier than the 2013-2017 average. However, in those same years the end of radial growth was also about 17 days earlier resulting in a shorter (70 versus 100 day), radial growth season. Abundant (350-500 mm) summer precipitation, which resulted in soil moisture values of 20-30% allowed us to dismiss drought as a factor. Instead, a likely cause of reduced radial growth was mean temperature that exceeded daily average of 30<sup> o</sup>C that lead to photoinhibition.

scholarly journals TREE DIAMETER GROWTH FOLLOWING SILVICULTURAL TREATMENTS IN A SEMI-DECIDUOUS SECONDARY FOREST IN CENTRAL BRAZIL

CERNE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio Venturoli ◽  
Augusto César Franco ◽  
Christopher William Fagg
Keyword(s):  
Radial Growth ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Tree Diameter ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Silvicultural Treatments ◽  
Timber Market

In the Cerrado biome of Brazil, savannas and dry forests are intimately linked and form mosaics. These forests are composed of species of high commercial value, well accepted in the timber market, which causes intensive deforestation on the remaining vegetation. Thus, the management of these forests is an important alternative to reduce deforestation in the remaining vegetation. The objective of this study was to analyze the response of tree species in relation to silvicultural treatments of competition and liana cutting in a semi-deciduous forest in Central Brazil. The results showed that community basal area increased 24% over 4.8 years and the median periodic annual increment in diameter was about 20% higher in plots with silvicultural treatments: 2.9 mm.yr-1 in the control compared to 3.2 mm.yr-1 to 3.6 mm.yr-1 between treatments. This study demonstrated that it is possible to increase the rates of radial growth through silvicultural techniques.

Flooding Tolerance of Fall Panicum and Texas Panicum

Weed Science ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Hoveland ◽  
G. A. Buchanan
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Flooding Tolerance ◽  
Flooded Soil ◽  
Panicum Dichotomiflorum

Fall panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx.) and Texas panicum (Panicum texanum Buckl.) were grown in the greenhouse under flooding treatments of 0, 6, and 9 days in 10 for 1 month. Fall panicum was more tolerant of flooded soil than was Texas panicum. Root development of Texas panicum was reduced by 50% under all flooding treatments. Herbage and root growth of fall panicum with flooding was similar to that on well-drained soil. Fall panicum root diameter was greater than that of Texas panicum, but both species increased under flooding. Tolerance of fall panicum to flooding may partially explain why it competes so well with crop plants during wet periods.

Differential Root Growth of FourSetariaTaxa

Weed Science ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 364-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Orwick ◽  
M. M. Schreiber
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Seminal Root ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
First Order ◽  
Setaria Faberi ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Controlled Environments

We studied the early root growth of fourSetariataxa: giant foxtail (Setaria faberiHerrm.), giant green foxtail [Setaria viridisvar.major(Gaud.) Posp.], robust white foxtail (Setaria viridisvar.robusta-albaSchreiber), robust purple foxtail (Setaria viridisvar.robusta-purpureaSchreiber). Growth studies in controlled environments showed significant differences in root elongation among the taxa at three photoperiods. Seminal root lengths after 4 days followed the order presented for selectivity and metabolism of atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine] and propazine [2-chloro-4,6-bis(isopropylamino)-s-triazine] (robust white foxtail > giant green foxtail = robust purple foxtail > giant foxtail). Giant foxtail had the greatest root diameter, resulting in the greatest surface area and volume when lengths were equated. The order of seminal root lengths or diameters changed little after 7 days. Robust white foxtail had the most and longest first order lateral roots. Diameter of first order laterals showed giant foxtail > giant green foxtail = robust purple foxtail > robust white foxtail.

Within-tree patterns of wood stiffness for white spruce (Picea glauca) and trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides)

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek F. Sattler ◽  
Philip G. Comeau ◽  
Alexis Achim
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Vertical Position ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Cambial Age ◽  
Rate Of Increase

Radial patterns of modulus of elasticity (MOE) were examined for white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) and trembling aspen (Populus tremuoides Michx.) from 19 mature, uneven-aged stands in the boreal mixedwood region of northern Alberta, Canada. The main objectives were to (1) evaluate the relationship between pith-to-bark changes in MOE and cambial age or distance from pith; (2) develop species-specific models to predict pith-to-bark changes in MOE; and (3) to test the influences of radial growth, relative vertical height, and tree slenderness (tree height/DBH) on MOE. For both species, cambial age was selected as the best explanatory variable with which to build pith-to-bark models of MOE. For white spruce and trembling aspen, the final nonlinear mixed-effect models indicated that an augmented rate of increase in MOE occurred with increasing vertical position within the tree. For white spruce trees, radial growth and slenderness were found to positively influence maximum estimated MOE. For trembling aspen, there was no apparent effect of vertical position or radial growth on maximum MOE. The results shed light on potential drivers of radial patterns of MOE and will be useful in guiding silvicultural prescriptions.

TOTAL GROWTH OF THE AERIAL PARTS OF A WHITE SPRUCE TREE AT CHALK RIVER, ONTARIO, CANADA

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Fraser ◽  
L. Belanger ◽  
D. McGuire ◽  
Z. Zdrazil
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Apical Growth ◽  
Productive Capacity ◽  
Annual Rings ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Total Growth

Apical and radial growth in trunk and branches, and needle distribution were studied in a white spruce tree 11 meters high and 36 years old. Growth was summarized according to (1) years of formation (Oblique Summation), (2) transversely by trunk internodes (Horizontal Summation), and (3) position of the annual rings and branch internodes (and needles) relative to the pith or trunk respectively (Vertical Summation). In this study summations 1 and 3 were considered to reflect internal (nutritional and hormonal) controls of growth, whereas summation 2 represented the effect of environmental factors including periodicity of flower and seed formation.The tree studied possessed [Formula: see text] million needles when sampled in 1961, two-fifths of which were formed during the last 2 years of growth. The percentage of ash in the needles varied from 4 in the new needles to almost 8% in those 10 years old. The productive capacity of one "average" needle in terms of apical growth, trunk wood, and new needle formation was estimated.

Changes in drought resistance and root growth capacity of container seedlings in response to nursery drought, nitrogen, and potassium treatments

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 740-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. van den Driessche
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Growth Capacity ◽  
Root Growth Capacity ◽  
N Treatment

Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco), lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl.), and white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) seedlings, each represented by two seed lots, were grown in Styroblock containers in a greenhouse and plastic shelter house from February 1989 to January 1990. The seedlings were exposed to two nitrogen (N) treatments and three potassium (K) treatments arranged factorially within three drought treatments. After winter storage, seedlings from a complete set of treatments were planted into hygric, mesic, and xeric sand beds during 12–14 March. Increasing nursery drought stress increased survival of Douglas-fir and lodgepole pine after planting, and high N treatment level increased survival of lodgepole pine and white spruce. Under xeric conditions, combined nursery drought and high N treatments increased survival of lodgepole pine by 33%, indicating the importance of nursery cultural regime for stock quality. Increase in nursery drought decreased seedling size relatively little, but increase in N increased seedling size one season after planting. A positive relationship between shoot/root ratio and survival in lodgepole pine and white spruce indicated that increase in N increased both shoot growth and drought resistance over the N range investigated. Only Douglas-fir showed an interaction between drought and N treatment and a small response in both survival and dry weight to K. Root growth capacity, measured at the time of planting, showed an approximate doubling in all species due to high N treatment, and was also increased in white spruce by drought stress. Survival and root growth capacity were poorly correlated, but dry-weight growth in sand beds was well correlated with root growth capacity. Shoot dry weight and percent N in shoots measured after nursery growth were correlated with root growth capacity. Manipulation of root growth capacity by changing nursery treatment was apparently possible without altering resistance to drought stress after planting.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document