Seasonal and geographic origin effects on cold hardiness of white spruce buds, foliage, and stems

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 1066-1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Differential Thermal Analysis ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
North American ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Stem Tissue ◽  
Early Fall

Cold hardiness of dormant vegetative buds from white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) trees originating from throughout the species' North American range was measured by differential thermal analysis between August and April at Vernon, B.C. Buds were least hardy in early fall (low temperature exotherm −12 to −25 °C) and most hardy midwinter (low temperature exotherms −20 to −34 °C). Buds of northerly origin trees were more hardy in early fall (September–October) than buds of more southerly origin trees. Similar results were observed for foliage and stem tissue in early fall using electrolyte leakage measurements following −16 °C freezing.

scholarly journals 329 DIFFERENTIAL THERMAL ANALYSIS OF RABBITEYE BLUEBERRIES

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 477f-477
Author(s):  
Gena R. Hughes ◽  
Frank B. Matta
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Differential Thermal Analysis ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Vaccinium Ashei ◽  
Tissue Browning

Acclimation and cold hardiness of blueberry buds (Vaccinium ashei cv. Tifblue) were evaluated using differential thermal analysis (DTA) and tissue browning. Buds exhibited a single exotherm at -7C October through December and at -11C January through April. LOW temperature exotherms (LTE) were not detected. Tissue browning test ratings indicated that ovary death occurred at -21C.

scholarly journals COLD HARDINESS OF PASSION FRUIT AND MAYPOP

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 655f-655
Author(s):  
Frank B. Matta ◽  
Patricia Quesada
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Differential Thermal Analysis ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Lethal Temperatures ◽  
Purple Passion Fruit ◽  
Yellow Passion Fruit

Differential thermal analysis, electrolyte leakage, tetrazolium stain test, and the “feeder plate” tissue culture regeneration technique were used to determine cold hardiness of passion fruit and maypop. The “feeder plate” technique showed that yellow passion fruit did not regenerate at 0C, -3C, and -6C while purple passion fruit showed callus formation at all temperatures. The remaining tests gave similar lethal temperatures for the two species. Lethal temperatures were -9C to -10C, -10C to -I2C, and -11C to -13C for yellow and purple passion fruit and maypop, respectively.

scholarly journals Standardization of electrolyte leakage data and a novel liquid nitrogen control improve measurements of cold hardiness in woody tissue

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisson Pacheco Kovaleski ◽  
Jake J Grossman
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Differential Thermal Analysis ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Nitrogen Control ◽  
Freezing Damage ◽  
Raw Data ◽  
Reliable Determination

Abstract Background. A variety of basic and applied research programs in plant biology require the accurate and reliable determination of plant tissue cold hardiness. Over the past 50 years, the electrolyte leakage method has emerged as a popular and practical method for quantifying the amount of damage inflicted on plant tissue by exposure to freezing temperatures. Numerous approaches for carrying out this method and analyzing the resultant data have emerged. These include multiple systems for standardizing and modeling raw electrolyte leakage data and multiple protocols for boiling samples in order to maximize leakage as a positive control. We compare four different routines for standardization of leakage data and assess a novel control method - immersion in liquid nitrogen in lieu of traditional boiling – and apply them to woody twigs collected from 12 maple (Acer) species in early spring. We compare leakage data from these samples using each of four previously published forms of data analysis and boiling vs. liquid nitrogen controls and validate each of these approaches against visual estimates of freezing damage and differential thermal analysis. Results. Through presentation of our own data and re-analysis of previously published findings, we show that standardization of raw data against estimates of both minimum and maximum attainable freezing damage allows for reliable estimation of cold hardiness at the species level and across studies in diverse systems. Furthermore, use of our novel liquid nitrogen control produces data commensurate across studies and enhances the consistency and realism of the electrolyte leakage method, especially for very cold hardy samples. Conclusion. Future leakage studies that relativize data against minimum and maximum leakage and that employ our updated liquid nitrogen control will contribute generalizable, repeatable, and realistic data to the existing body of cold hardiness research in woody plants. Data from studies conducted using a liquid nitrogen (and not a boiling) control can still be compared to previously published data, especially when raw data are standardized using the best-performing approach among those we assessed. Electrolyte leakage of woody twigs emerges as a useful technique for quickly assessing the probability of tissue death in response to freezing in dormant plants. Differential thermal analysis may provide different and complementary information on cold hardiness.

scholarly journals Pecan Cold Hardiness Determined by Differential Thermal Analysis

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 851E-851
Author(s):  
Frank B. Matta ◽  
Amin Kawatin
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Differential Thermal Analysis ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Critical Temperatures ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Tetrazolium Test

Our objectives were to 1) Determine acclimation and deacclimation patterns of buds and stems of four pecan cultivars in Mississippi and 2) to determine the relationship between cold hardiness, based on DTA, and tissue injury, based or viability tests. Stem critical temperatures for September showed that `Hughes' was slower in acclimating than `Jackson'. Maximum hardiness for all cultivars occurred in January, except for `Desirable', which reached maximum hardiness in December but started deacclimating in January. Deacclimation for the remaining cultivars started in February. Bud critical temperatures for September and October also show that `Hughes' was slower in acclimating compared to the remaining cultivars. Maximum bud hardiness for `Desirable' occurred in December, with the remaining cultivars reaching maximum hardiness in January. Bud deacclimation for all cultivars occurred in March. The LD50 for the tetrazolium and electrolyte leakage tests occurred at about –32 and –30C, respectively. In buds, LT50 for the tetrazolium test was –18C. The LT50 electrolyte leakage and browning test was –20C.

scholarly journals Standardization of electrolyte leakage data and a novel liquid nitrogen control improve measurements of cold hardiness in woody tissue

Plant Methods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisson P. Kovaleski ◽  
Jake J. Grossman
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Differential Thermal Analysis ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Nitrogen Control ◽  
Freezing Damage ◽  
Raw Data ◽  
Reliable Determination

Abstract Background A variety of basic and applied research programs in plant biology require the accurate and reliable determination of plant tissue cold hardiness. Over the past 50 years, the electrolyte leakage method has emerged as a popular and practical method for quantifying the amount of damage inflicted on plant tissue by exposure to freezing temperatures. Numerous approaches for carrying out this method and analyzing the resultant data have emerged. These include multiple systems for standardizing and modeling raw electrolyte leakage data and multiple protocols for boiling or autoclaving samples in order to maximize leakage as a positive control. We compare four different routines for standardization of leakage data and assess a novel control method—immersion in liquid nitrogen in lieu of traditional autoclaving—and apply them to woody twigs collected from 12 maple (Acer) species in early spring. We compare leakage data from these samples using each of four previously published forms of data analysis and autoclaving vs. liquid nitrogen controls and validate each of these approaches against visual estimates of freezing damage and differential thermal analysis. Results Through presentation of our own data and re-analysis of previously published findings, we show that standardization of raw data against estimates of both minimum and maximum attainable freezing damage allows for reliable estimation of cold hardiness at the species level and across studies in diverse systems. Furthermore, use of our novel liquid nitrogen control produces data commensurate across studies and enhances the consistency and realism of the electrolyte leakage method, especially for very cold hardy samples. Conclusion Future leakage studies that relativize data against minimum and maximum leakage and that employ our updated liquid nitrogen control will contribute generalizable, repeatable, and realistic data to the existing body of cold hardiness research in woody plants. Data from studies conducted using a liquid nitrogen (and not an autoclaving) control can still be compared to previously published data, especially when raw data are standardized using the best-performing approach among those we assessed. Electrolyte leakage of woody twigs emerges as a useful technique for quickly assessing the probability of tissue death in response to freezing in dormant plants. Differential thermal analysis may provide different and complementary information on cold hardiness.

FREEZING SURVIVAL AND SUPERCOOLING IN PRIMARY AND SECONDARY BUDS OF Rubus spp.

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 893-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. WARMUND ◽  
M. F. GEORGE
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Differential Thermal Analysis ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Freezing Injury ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Viability Testing ◽  
Floral Buds ◽  
Floral Primordia

Primary and secondary buds from 11 blackberry (Rubus subgen. Rubus) and 10 red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) cultivars were subjected to viability testing to determine their relative hardiness from November 1987 through March 1988. Of the blackberries tested, Darrow floral buds were found to be the most hardy throughout dormancy. Forty-five percent of primordia in Darrow primary buds survived −33 °C in January. Most blackberries had reproductive secondary buds that generally survived lower temperatures than the primary buds. Of the red raspberries tested, Canby and Chilliwack had good primary bud hardiness in January and March. Primary buds of red raspberries were usually injured at warmer temperatures than secondary buds. Differential thermal analysis experiments were conducted on primary and secondary buds of Dirksen and Shawnee blackberry and Nordic and Reveille red raspberry at each test date to determine their freezing characteristics. The low temperature exotherms detected in primary buds of each cultivar were correlated with freezing injury, but their number seldom corresponded to the number of differentiated floral primordia. Low temperature exotherms were also detected in some of secondary buds of Dirksen and Reveille which contained differentiated floral primordia.Key words: Blackberries, raspberries, cold hardiness, differential thermal

scholarly journals PECAN COLD HARDINESS DETERMINED BY DIFFERENTIAL THERMAL ANALYSIS

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 437e-437
Author(s):  
Frank B. Matta ◽  
Amin Kawatin
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Differential Thermal Analysis ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
The Other ◽  
Critical Temperatures ◽  
Leakage Test ◽  
Tetrazolium Test ◽  
Tissue Browning

Stem critical temperatures for September showed that `Hughes' was later in acclimating than `Jackson'. Maximum hardiness for all cultivars occurred in January and deacclimation in February. Bud critical temperatures for September and October also showed that `Hughes' acclimated later than the other cultivars. Maximum hardiness for buds occurred in January and deacclimation in March. In December, the LT50 for the tetrazolium test, the electrolyte leakage test, and the tissue browning test were –18, –20, and –20C, respectively, as shown by differential thermal analysis of `Desirable'.

scholarly journals COLD HARDINESS OF RABBITEYE BLUEBERRY

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 436e-436
Author(s):  
Frank B. Matta ◽  
Gena R. Silva ◽  
James M. Spiers
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Differential Thermal Analysis ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Tissue Browning

Cold acclimation of `Tifblue' rabbiteye blueberry was determined using differential thermal analysis (DTA). Electrolyte leakage and tissue browning test results were correlated with DTA. DTA showed that three exotherms occurred: exotherm 1 (ET) associated with extracellular freezing, exotherm 2 (CT) associated with tissue injury, and exotherm 3 (LTE) not associated with tissue injury. Maximum hardiness (–20C) occurred in January. The LT50 measured by electrolyte leakage and tissue browning was about –17C and –15C, respectively. Acclimation began in November and deacclimation in mid-Feb. 1994.

scholarly journals Primary Bud Hardiness of Four Genotypes of Grapes in Arkansas

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (5) ◽  
pp. 835-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy F. Bourne ◽  
J.N. Moore ◽  
Milon F. George
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Differential Thermal Analysis ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Training System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
Freeze Damage ◽  
Vitis Spp

Four interspecific grape hybrids (Vitis spp.) developed in Arkansas were evaluated for primary bud hardiness by differential thermal analysis. Buds from two locations were analyzed over 2 years for acclimation, midwinter hardiness, and deacclimation. In addition, effects of two training systems on cold hardiness of buds were evaluated in one location. The buds of the two genotypes with the greatest component of V. vinifera in their ancestry acclimated more slowly than did the other genotypes. Ultimate midwinter bud hardiness was greater in the genotypes possessing less V. vinifera than other parentage. No effect on cold hardiness due to training system was noted. No natural winter freeze damage was observed on any of the genotypes in the period of observation.

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