Paclobutrazol protects black spruce seedlings against predisposition to gray mold induced by high temperature and drought

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 1033-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.G. Zhang ◽  
J.C. Sutton ◽  
R.A. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Environmental Stresses ◽  
Fungicidal Action ◽  
Soil Drench ◽  
Stress Protection

Effects of paclobutrazol on the ability of high temperature and drought to predispose black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.R) seedlings to infection and sporulation of Botrytiscinerea Pers.:Fr. were examined. Paclobutrazol was applied as a soil drench at doses of 0, 20, and 40 mg/seedling pair on the first and third days of 2- and 4-week periods before the seedlings were subjected to darkness at 35 and 45 °C, or to drought, for various periods and inoculated with the pathogen. The paclobutrazol treatments markedly reduced sporulation incidence and the number of spores produced by the pathogen on needles of seedlings subjected to the environmental stresses for periods that marginally or moderately exceeded those needed for predisposition to B. cinerea. Sporulation in needles of paclobutrazol-treated seedlings increased substantially only when the stress treatments were relatively prolonged. The activity of paclobutrazol in suppressing effects of environmental predisposition of the seedlings to infection and sporulation of B. cinerea was considered to be mediated through stress protection as opposed to fungicidal action of the triazole.

High temperature, darkness, and drought predispose black spruce seedlings to gray mold

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Zhang ◽  
J. C. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Spore Production ◽  
Disease Models ◽  
Drought Period

Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers.:Fr. developed in seedlings of black spruce (Picea mariana BSP) that were subjected to high temperatures (30–45 °C) in darkness or to drought conditions immediately before inoculation with the pathogen (106 conidia/mL). Incidence and density of spore production of B. cinerea in needles of the treated seedlings increased, and chlorophyll content decreased, with duration of the preinoculation treatments. Gray mold did not develop in seedlings subjected to preinoculation high temperature in the light, and also failed to develop in seedlings that were kept at 1–20 °C in light or darkness with adequate water, inoculated with 103–107 conidia of B. cinerea/mL, then subjected to a range of postinoculation humid periods (0–48 h) at various constant temperatures (12, 20, and 28 °C) in light or darkness. Regression models were developed to describe the incidence and density of sporulation of B. cinerea and chlorophyll content in seedling needles as functions of the level and period of preinoculation high temperature plus darkness, preinoculation drought period, and seedling age (R2 = 0.45–0.95; p ≤ 0.01). It was concluded that high temperature in combination with darkness, and drought stress, predisposed the seedlings to gray mold. Key words: Picea mariana, Botrytis cinerea, predisposition, disease models.

scholarly journals A physiological signal derived from sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence quantifies crop physiological response to environmental stresses in the U.S. Corn Belt

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyungsuk Kimm ◽  
Kaiyu Guan ◽  
Chongya Jiang ◽  
Guofang Miao ◽  
Genghong Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Canopy Structure ◽  
Environmental Stresses ◽  
Corn Belt ◽  
Physiological Signal ◽  
Scale Data ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) measurements have shown unique potential for quantifying plant physiological stress. However, recent investigations found canopy structure and radiation largely control SIF, and physiological relevance of SIF remains yet to be fully understood. This study aims to evaluate whether the SIF-derived physiological signal improves quantification of crop responses to environmental stresses, by analyzing data at three different spatial scales within the U.S. Corn Belt, i.e., experiment plot, field, and regional scales, where ground-based portable, stationary and space-borne hyperspectral sensing systems are used, respectively. We found that, when controlling for variations in incoming radiation and canopy structure, crop SIF signals can be decomposed into non-physiological (i.e., canopy structure and radiation, 60~82%) and physiological information (i.e., physiological SIF yield, ΦF, 17~31%), which confirms the contribution of physiological variation to SIF. We further evaluated whether ΦF indicated plant responses under high-temperature and high vapor pressure deficit (VPD) stresses. The plot-scale data showed that ΦF responded to the proxy for physiological stress (partial correlation coefficient, rp=0.40, p<0.001) while non-physiological signals of SIF did not respond (p>0.1). The field-scale ΦF data showed water deficit stress from the comparison between irrigated and rainfed fields, and ΦF was positively correlated with canopy-scale stomatal conductance, a reliable indicator of plant physiological condition (correlation coefficient r=0.60 and 0.56 for an irrigated and rainfed sites, respectively). The regional-scale data showed ΦF was more strongly correlated spatially with air temperature and VPD (r=0.23 and 0.39) than SIF (r=0.11 and 0.34) for the U.S. Corn Belt. The lines of evidence suggested that ΦF reflects crop physiological responses to environmental stresses with greater sensitivity to stress factors than SIF, and the stress quantification capability of ΦF is spatially scalable. Utilizing ΦF for physiological investigations will contribute to improve our understanding of vegetation responses to high-temperature and high-VPD stresses.

scholarly journals A Highly Conserved Protein of Unknown Function Is Required by Sinorhizobium meliloti for Symbiosis and Environmental Stress Protection

2007 ◽  
Vol 190 (3) ◽  
pp. 1118-1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan W. Davies ◽  
Graham C. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Unknown Function ◽  
Sinorhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Environmental Stresses ◽  
Protein Family ◽  
Open Reading Frame ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Stress Protection ◽  
Wide Range

ABSTRACT We report here the first characterization of the Sinorhizobium meliloti open reading frame SMc01113. The SMc01113 protein is a member of a highly conserved protein family, universal among bacteria. We demonstrate that the SMc01113 gene is absolutely required for S. meliloti symbiosis with alfalfa and also for the protection of the bacterium from a wide range of environmental stresses.

scholarly journals Haploid Genome Analysis Reveals a Tandem Cluster of Four HSP20 Genes Involved in the High-Temperature Adaptation of Coriolopsis trogii

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lining Wang ◽  
Baosheng Liao ◽  
Lu Gong ◽  
Shuiming Xiao ◽  
Zhihai Huang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Genome Assembly ◽  
Genome Analysis ◽  
Environmental Stresses ◽  
Temperature Adaptation ◽  
Haploid Genome ◽  
Diploid Genome ◽  
Fungal Genomes

Heat stress is one of the most frequently encountered environmental stresses for most mushroom-forming fungi. Currently available fungal genomes are mostly haploid because high heterozygosity hinders diploid genome assembly.

scholarly journals Transcriptional Regulation of Exopolysaccharide-related Genes in Lactiplantibacillus Plantarum VAL6 Under Environmental Stresses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trung-Son Le ◽  
Phu-Tho Nguyen ◽  
Song-Hao Nguyen-Ho ◽  
Tang-Phu Nguyen ◽  
Thi-Tho Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Monosaccharide Composition ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Environmental Stresses ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Alkaline Ph ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Transcriptomic Data ◽  
Exopolysaccharide Biosynthesis

Abstract Environmental factors can alter exopolysaccharide biosynthesis in LAB. To further clarify this potential relationship, the mRNA expression of exopolysaccharide-related genes such as glmU, pgmB1, cps4E, cps4F, cps4J and cps4H genes in Lactiplantibacillus plantarum VAL6 under different conditions including high temperature, acidic or alkaline pH, sodium chloride (NaCl) and carbon dioxide (CO2) intensification culture was studied. The transcriptomic data revealed that the exposure of L. plantarum VAL6 to acid at pH 3 increased the expression level of cps4H but decreased the expression levels of pgmB1 and cps4E. Under pH 8 stress, cps4F and cps4E were significantly upregulated, whereas pgmB1 was downregulated. Similarly, the expression levels of cps4F, cps4E and cps4J increased sharply under stresses at 42 or 47oC. In the case of NaCl stress, glmU, pgmB1, cps4J and cps4H were downregulated in exposure to NaCl at 7-10% concentrations while cps4E and cps4F were upregulated at 1 h of 10% NaCl treatment and at 5 h of 4% NaCl treatment. Remarkably, CO2 intensification culture stimulated the expression of all tested genes. In addition, simultaneous changes in expression of cps4E and cps4F under environmental challenges may elicit the possibility of an association between the two genes. These findings indicated that the expression level of exopolysaccharide-related genes is responsible for changes in the yield and monosaccharide composition of exopolysaccharides under environmental stresses.

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