Bud and cambial zone phenology of lateral branches from Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii) seedlings

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 286-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.H. Rensing ◽  
J.N. Owens
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Secondary Growth ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Wood Formation ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Cambial Cell ◽  
Leaf Initiation ◽  
Cambial Zone ◽  
Cambial Cells

Bud and cambial zone phenologies of outdoor-grown, containerized seedlings of Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco (Douglas-fir) were determined and compared. Morphological characteristics of the live primordial shoots were related to known stages of bud development, while cambial zone phenology was based on anatomical characteristics. Secondary growth in branches of P. menziesii seedlings was separated into six stages: (i) early wood formation; (ii) latewood formation; (iii) cessation of cambial cell division; (iv) dormancy; (v) cambial cell expansion; and (vi) resumption of cell division. Early wood formation by the cambial zone, and primary leaf initiation in the shoot tips occurred until July. During this time of maximal activity, differences in wall thickness and shape distinguished cambial cells from vascular cells in early differentiation stages. By late July, earlywood formation was changing to latewood formation and bud-scale initiation had begun. The transition to preformed leaf initiation in the buds occurred over a period of 1 month in August and September. Cambial cell division ceased in early September but tracheid differentiation continued until about the end of October. Preformed leaf initiation lasted until the buds became dormant in mid-November. The cambial zone was dormant from the end of November until the beginning of March, and in transverse section was characterized by a distinct boundary at the border of the xylem and regular, cigar-shaped cambial cells with thick radial walls. Resumption of cambial activity in the 1st week of April began with radial expansion, followed about 2 weeks later by cell division. Differentiation of earlywood tracheids and bud swelling began in early April. The majority of buds flushed in the 3rd week of April. Rays in the lateral shoots were composed of monoseriate files of radially elongated cells. Ray initials were not observed. Ultrastructural features indicated that the dictyosomes of the cambial cells were active during the winter period.

Cambial activity in the young branches and peduncles of couroupita guianensis (lecythidaceae)

IAWA Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-292
Author(s):  
Kishore S. Rajput ◽  
Amreen Saiyed ◽  
Vidya S. Patil ◽  
K.S. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Secondary Growth ◽  
Cambial Activity ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Cambial Cell ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Couroupita Guianensis ◽  
Dual Source ◽  
Xylem Elements

Peduncles of Couroupita guianensis Aubl. undergo extensive secondary growth, which is a rare and unexplored feature so far. In the present investigation seasonal behaviour of vascular cambium was studied in fruit-bearing peduncles and compared with the vegetative branches of similar diameter. In peduncles, the cambium remained active throughout the year. The number of cambium cells and differentiating xylem cells increased from May and reached a maximum in July-August. Although cambial growth occurred throughout the year, it was relatively sluggish in February despite the development of new leaves and ongoing extension growth. In contrast, cambial cell division in young branches initiated in February, peaked in the same months as peduncle cambium while cambial cell division and differentiation of xylem remained suspended from October to January. Cessation of cambial cell division in the branches during this period may be correlated with the presence of mature leaves. In both (branches and peduncle), rapid cell division and increase in the number of differentiating xylem elements in April-May is positively correlated with the development of flower buds and new leaves. The present anatomical investigation revealed that cambial activity in both peduncle and vegetative branches are independent of phenology and climatic conditions. In conclusion, we believe that variations in the number of differentiating cambium derivatives in peduncles benefits from a dual source of growth hormone supply, i.e. from developing new leaves and flower buds.

FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON THE REDUCTION OF FUSIFORM CAMBIAL CELLS IN THUJA OCCIDENTALIS L.

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. Bannan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Radial Expansion ◽  
Cambial Cell ◽  
Thuja Occidentalis ◽  
Daughter Cells ◽  
Fusiform Initials ◽  
Cambial Cells

The multiplication of fusiform initials in the cambium is accompanied by extensive loss or transformation of these cells. A few of the failing cambial cells lapse into maturation quickly, but the majority are transversely subdivided with varying proportions of the segments surviving and undergoing ultimate conversion to ray initials. The loss or conversion is attended with reduction in cell size. Increase in cell volume lags behind cell division during the periclinal divisions of the transitional period. The tangential dimensions of the successively formed cells are continuously reduced, and sometimes radial expansion is also retarded, especially toward the cell tips. Simultaneous shortening of the cells is due to alteration in cell shape combined with asymmetry in periclinal division such that daughter cells of unequal lengths are produced. Repetition of the process, the smaller cell functioning as the initiating cambial cell in each instance, results in continued shortening.

scholarly journals WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX4 (WOX4) -like genes regulate cambial cell division activity and secondary growth in Populus trees

2017 ◽  
Vol 215 (2) ◽  
pp. 642-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melis Kucukoglu ◽  
Jeanette Nilsson ◽  
Bo Zheng ◽  
Salma Chaabouni ◽  
Ove Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Secondary Growth ◽  
Cambial Cell

Is long primary growth associated with stem sinuosity in Douglas-fir?

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 2351-2356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara L Gartner ◽  
G R Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Growth ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Wood Formation ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Stem Growth ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Stem Form ◽  
Primary Growth ◽  
Large Factor ◽  
Total Growth

Stem sinuosity is a highly visible stem-form trait in the leaders of fast-growing Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) trees, yet its cause is unknown. We tested the hypotheses that sinuous stems have longer expanses of primary growth than nonsinuous stems (putting the leader at higher risk for curvature, induction of compression wood formation, and possibly overcorrection) and higher leader angle using 4- to 5-year-old saplings in raised beds. As hypothesized, sinuous stems had longer expanses of primary growth than did nonsinuous stems (13.5 vs. 12.3 cm, respectively). However, for the dates for which growth (length/day, primary growth, secondary growth, and total growth) differed significantly among sinuosity class, sinuosity class only explained 15%–21% of the variation in growth rate. There were no significant differences in leader angle for saplings of the three sinuosity classes. Contingency tables indicated some consistency in the category of sinuosity to which we assigned the stems in 2001 and 2002 (χ2 = 11.2, p < 0.004). When we used a more quantitative measure, the ratio of stem length/stem distance, there was a tendency toward a significant relationship between the two years (r = 0.272, p = 0.0893). These data suggest that, counter to expectation, the rate of stem growth was not a large factor in determining whether leaders become sinuous for this population of trees.

scholarly journals Wound-inducible ANAC071 and ANAC096 transcription factors promote cambial cell formation in incised Arabidopsis flowering stems

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keita Matsuoka ◽  
Ryosuke Sato ◽  
Yuki Matsukura ◽  
Yoshiki Kawajiri ◽  
Hiromi Iino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Cell Formation ◽  
Related Gene ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Cambial Cell ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Cell Induction ◽  
Cambial Cells ◽  
Wound Tissue

AbstractANAC071 and its homolog ANAC096 are plant-specific transcription factors required for the initiation of cell division during wound healing in incised Arabidopsis flowering stems and Arabidopsis hypocotyl grafts; however, the mechanism remains mostly unknown. In this study, we showed that wound-induced cambium formation involved cell proliferation and the promoter activity of TDR/PXY (cambium-related gene) in the incised stem. Prior to the wound-induced cambium formation, both ANAC071 and ANAC096 were expressed at these sites. anac-multiple mutants significantly decreased wound-induced cambium formation in the incised stems and suppressed the conversion from mesophyll cells to cambial cells in an ectopic vascular cell induction culture system (VISUAL). Our results suggest that ANAC071 and ANAC096 are redundantly involved in the process of “cambialization”, the conversion from differentiated cells to cambial cells, and these cambium-like cells proliferate and provide cells in wound tissue during the tissue-reunion process.

Cell grouping and primary wall generations in the cambial zone, xylem, and phloem in Pinus

1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Mother Cell ◽  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Radial Direction ◽  
Cell Plate ◽  
Tangential Direction ◽  
Primary Wall ◽  
Photographic Evidence ◽  
Secondary Wall Deposition ◽  
Cambial Zone

The use of the term cambium, or equivalent terms, in modern literature is discussed. The term cambial zone adopted in this paper includes the cambial initial and the dividing and enlarging cells. The tissue mother cell produced at each division of the initial produces a group of four cells in xylem or two cells in phloem. Theoretical constructs have been made for xylem and phloem production by associating the concepts that xylem and phloem are produced in alternate series of initial divisions and that a new primary wall is deposited around each daughter protoplast at each cell division. Correlations are derived from the theoretical constructs for the thickness of primary wall layers lying in the tangential direction and of those lying in the radial direction at progressive histological levels. Deductions from theoretical constructs are made when the initial is producing xylem, when it changes its polarity from xylem to phloem production, and when the reverse change occurs. Most of the theoretical deductions are supported by photographic evidence. The chief point of this study is the demonstration of generations (multiplicity) of primary parental walls. The term intercellular material proposed in this paper includes the cell plate plus any remnants of ancestral primary walls between the current primary walls surrounding the adjacent protoplasts. This term is still applicable to cells where secondary wall deposition is taking place or has been completed.

Xylogenesis in Trees: From Cambial Cell Division to Cell Death

2016 ◽  
pp. 25-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryo Funada ◽  
Yusuke Yamagishi ◽  
Shahanara Begum ◽  
Kayo Kudo ◽  
Eri Nabeshima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Cambial Cell

Intra-Annual Spiral Compression Wood: A Record of Low-Frequency Gravitropic Circumnutational Movement in Trees

IAWA Journal ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank W. Telewski
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Compression Wood ◽  
Secondary Growth ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Wood Formation ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Movement Data ◽  
Annual Growth Rings ◽  
Plant Seedlings

The majority of detailed studies on circumnutational growth movements have focused on herbaceous plants or on the primary growth of woody plant seedlings, ignoring completely secondary growth in woody plants. The relatively rapid movement in herbaceous tissues consists of two components: an autonomous growth rhythm and a gravitropic response. Since there is a gravitropic component to circumnutational movement and a gravitropic stimulus can induce compression wood formation, the formation of a compression wood spiral may be expected if there is a circumnutational movement of a woody stern. It is suggested here, that observed spirals of compression wood within annual growth rings in Pinus taeda L. and Abies concolor (Gord. ' Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr. represents an annual record of a slower circumnutational growth movement. Data derived from observations of greenhouse- grown 3-year-old Pinus taeda seedlings indicate that there are two distinct circumnutational patterns of different rotation al frequency present in woody plants associated with primary and secondary tissues.

Influence of Bending Stress on Wood Formation of Young Douglas-Fir

Holzforschung ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredric P. Riech ◽  
Kim K. Ching
Keyword(s):  
Wood Formation ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Bending Stress

scholarly journals Timeline of Leaf and Cambial Phenology in Relation to Development of Initial Conduits in Xylem and Phloem in Three Coexisting Sub-Mediterranean Deciduous Tree Species

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1104
Author(s):  
Jožica Gričar ◽  
Andreja Vedenik ◽  
Gregor Skoberne ◽  
Polona Hafner ◽  
Peter Prislan
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Leaf Development ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Secondary Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Deciduous Tree ◽  
Cambial Cell ◽  
Cell Production ◽  
Sieve Tubes ◽  
Earlywood Vessels

It is unclear how the anticipated climate change will affect the timing of phenology of different tree organs/tissues and thus the whole-tree functioning. We examined the timing of leaf phenology and secondary growth in three coexisting deciduous tree species (Quercus pubescens Willd., Fraxinus ornus L. and Ostrya carpinifolia Scop) from a sub-Mediterranean region in 2019. In addition, we investigated the relationship between leaf and cambial phenology and the onset of the potential functioning of initial conduits, as determined by the completed differentiation process (vessels) or final size (sieve tubes). For this purpose, leaf development was monitored and the microcores of cambium and the youngest phloem and xylem increments were repeatedly collected at 7–10-day intervals during the growing season. The results revealed differences in the timing of leaf development and seasonal radial growth patterns in spring among the studied tree species, depending on wood porosity. We found that cambial cell production started in all cases in the first half of March. However, in ring-porous Q. pubescens and F. ornus, radial growth in the stem occurred more than a month before buds were swollen, whereas in diffuse-porous O. carpinifolia, these two events were detected at almost the same time. The end of cambial cell production occurred earliest in F. ornus (mid-July) and two weeks later also in the other two species. The widest initial earlywood vessels and early phloem sieve tubes were found in Q. pubescens, the narrowest initial earlywood vessels in O. carpinifolia and the narrowest early phloem sieve tubes in F. ornus. This indicates differences in the efficiency of conducting systems among the studied species. This novel approach of studying phloem phenology and anatomy in relation to leaf and xylem development contributes to a better understanding of how different tree species adapt their structure of secondary vascular tissues in response to environmental change.

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