A time to ignition–temperature–moisture relationship for branches of three western conifers

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavriil Xanthopoulos ◽  
Ronald H. Wakimoto
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Measuring Time ◽  
Conifer Species ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Air Convection ◽  
Time To Ignition

The effect of convection column air temperature and live needle moisture content on ignitability of tree branches was verified and quantified by exposing branches of three conifer species to a hot-air convection column, at temperatures between 400 and 640 °C, and measuring time to ignition. The three species were ponderosa pine (Pinusponderosa Laws.), Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii var glauca (Beissn.) Franco), and lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl.). The experiment was repeated monthly over the course of a year, taking advantage of the natural fluctuation of live needle moisture content. Three multiple regression equations for the prediction of time to ignition with air temperature and needle moisture as the independent variables were developed.

Test Research and Parameter Analysis of Grain Drying Model

2011 ◽  
Vol 66-68 ◽  
pp. 573-576
Author(s):  
Chun Shan Liu ◽  
Wen Fu Wu ◽  
Jia Yao ◽  
Ya Qin Li ◽  
Chuang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Parameter Analysis ◽  
Mathematics Model ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Grain Drying

The purpose of this study is to explore the effecting principle in the drying process. The factors such as hot air temperature, hot air flow, drying time on the grain moisture content have been all investigated. Using UD to establish the optimization mathematics model which making the grain dryer moisture content as the goal of the design, making the factors of hot air flow, drying time, air temperature as parameters, with the help of UD to analysis the effecting principle of the drying process parameters on the grain moisture content, some references have been provided to the tower dryer.

Factors Influencing the Weight of Black Spruce and Balsam Fir Stems

1972 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Pnevmaticos ◽  
T. A. Jaeger ◽  
E. Perem
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Green Density ◽  
Stem Wood ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Factors Influencing

The factors influencing green weight of black spruce and balsam fir stems were investigated. It was found that for black spruce stems, moisture content and sapwood content could be predicted by the age and height of the tree. For balsam fir, however, it was difficult to establish meaningful correlations. Stem bark volume was well correlated for both species with diameter at breast height. Regression equations for stem green density with different combinations of independent variables estimated at breast height were developed; it was found that breast height specific gravity and moisture content were the most important variables in predicting stem green density. Stem wood volume was very well correlated with stem weight immediately after felling.

Drying Model, Shrinkage and Energy Consumption Evaluation of Air Dried Sheet Rubber Drying System for Small Enterprise

2012 ◽  
Vol 622-623 ◽  
pp. 1135-1139 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ekphon ◽  
T. Ninchuewong ◽  
S. Tirawanichakul ◽  
Y. Tirawanichakul
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Rubber Sheet ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Air Convection

The main objective of this research was to study drying kinetics of air dried sheet (ADS) rubber using hot air and simulated drying kinetics by empirical model compared to experimental results. The 10-15 fresh rubber sheet with initial moisture content ranging of 23-40% dry-basis was dried by temperature of 40-70°C and air flow rate of 0.7 m/s. The fresh rubber sheet samples were dried until the desired final moisture content reached to 0.15% dry-basis. The experimental results showed that the drying rate of ADS rubber dried with hot air convection was faster than conventional natural air convection and drying rate was related to drying temperature. The experimental data was statistical non-linear regression analyzed by using 10 conventional empirical models. The coefficient of determination (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE) values were used as the criteria for selecting the best equation to describe the experimental data The results showed that the calculated results of Verma et al.’ model had a good relation to the experimental results. For specific energy evaluation, the results showed that at high drying temperature specific energy consumption of ADS rubber was relatively low compared to drying with low temperature. Finally, the determination of physical quality showed that.

scholarly journals STUDYING TURBULENCE IMPACT ON SIGHTING ERROR OF AUTOMATED TOTAL STATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-222
Author(s):  
Victor Skripnikov ◽  
Margarita Skripnikova
Keyword(s):  
Laser Beam ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Total Station ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Automatic Mode ◽  
Air Turbulence ◽  
Air Convection ◽  
Air Stream ◽  
Mean Square Errors

The paper presents the results of studying air turbulence impact on operational accuracy of the total station in automatic mode. The study was carried out in laboratory conditions with the total station Leica TCRP 1201+. Dependencies of accurate aiming on direction, velocity and temperature of air stream were determined. The aiming accuracy was determined at the distance of 18 m. The convector that made the air stream, was positioned at different distances from the total station. The numerous measurements determined root mean square errors of aiming in horizontal and vertical cir-cles and distances. It is stated that the aiming accuracy gets worse when the air temperature increas-es. It is also stated that when laser beam goes through the hot air stream, it deviates. The paper gives the recommendations for reducing errors in automated aiming of the total station if there is a directed air convection.

Optimization of the Spray-Drying Process for Developing Stingless Bee Honey Powder

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis F. Cuevas-Glory ◽  
Jorge A. Pino ◽  
Odri Sosa-Moguel ◽  
Enrique Sauri-Duch ◽  
Madai Bringas-Lantigua
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Spray Drying ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Stingless Bee ◽  
Multiple Response ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Response Optimization

Abstract Response surface methodology was used to optimize the spray-drying process for the development of stingless bee honey powder. The independent variables were: inlet air temperature (110–150 oC) and maltodextrin 10DE content (50–70 % wb). The responses were powder yield, moisture, volatiles retention, solubility time, hygroscopicity, bulk loose, and hydroxymethylfurfural content. Powder moisture content, solubility time, hygroscopicity and loose bulk density were negatively affected by inlet air temperature, while powder yield, volatiles retention and hydroxymethylfurfural content were directly related. Powder yield, volatiles retention and solubility time increased with the rise in maltodextrin content, while moisture content, hygroscopicity, loose bulk density and hydroxymethylfurfural content were negatively affected by maltodextrin content. Multiple response optimization indicated that an inlet air temperature of 150 oC and maltodextrin content of 61 % wb were predicted to provide 40 % powder yield, 4.9 % wb moisture content, 71 % volatiles retention, 242 s solubility time and 232 mg/kg hydroxymethylfurfural content.

scholarly journals Numerical Simulation of Air Flow and Temperature Distribution in Yarn Drying Room

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jindarat Pimsamarn ◽  
Panit Kitsubun ◽  
Rabin Tongruk
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Hydraulic Calculation ◽  
High Accumulation ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Electricity Cost ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Drying Efficiency

This research studied the recovery of wasted heat from exhaust air releasing from the compressor to increase the drying efficiency. The yarn drying room model was developed using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) so as to study the distribution of air flow and temperature numerically. The most suitable design of the drying room considering the decrease of drying time such as the locations of hot air inlet and outlet were investigated. At the exhaust air outlet position, the average exhaust air temperature is 56°C, while the average flow rate and relative humidity are 1.75 m/s and 16.2 percent, respectively. The hydraulic calculation revealed that the appropriate duct size was 0.412 x 0.412 m2 width and height. The hot air temperature after transferring through air duct was decreased from 56°C to 52°C. The simulation results showed that the appropriate inlet position is at the ceiling and split into 4 inlet positions which had 0.152 x 0.152 m2 width and height. The most appropriate outlet position was 3 m above the ground in order to achieve the highest distribution of moisture content with standard deviation of 1.9 x 10-4. The locations which had the high accumulation of moisture were at the center and both sides of the drying room due to the low air turbulence. From this configuration, the drying time was decreased from 2 days to 89 minutes. Furthermore, after the 2 air circulators were installed in the drying room, the distribution of moisture content, represented in term of standard deviation, was about 1.5 x 10-4. As a consequence, the drying time could be reduced to 78 minutes, but the monthly electricity cost of air circulators was around 590 baht.

scholarly journals Microencapsulation of the aroma from Capsicum chinense Jacq. cv. Habanero

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-329
Author(s):  
J.A. Pino ◽  
E. Sauri-Duch ◽  
O. Sosa-Moguel ◽  
C.A. Can-Cauich ◽  
V.M. Moo-Huchin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Gum Arabic ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Chilli Pepper ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Air Inlet ◽  
Encapsulation Process ◽  
Optimisation Model ◽  
Response Variables

An aroma distillate with the odour note described as ‘fresh Habanero chilli pepper' was obtained from hydrodistillation of the fruit. GC-MS analysis of the volatile constituents from the aroma distillate allowed the identification of 100 compounds, most of them esters followed by aldehydes, alcohols, terpenes, ketones, and acids. Encapsulation process of the aroma distillate by spray drying was optimised using response surface methodology. Independent variables were inlet air temperature (150-200 °C) and carrier (maltodextrin 10 DE and gum arabic in 2:1 ratio) content (10-20% wb), while response variables were powder moisture and volatiles retention. Moisture content of the powder varied inversely proportional to the air temperature, while the volatile retention was directly related. Retention of volatiles in the powder increased when the carrier content increased, while this factor negatively affected moisture content. Based on the optimisation model of the response variables, the powder with the highest flavour quality was obtained with an air inlet temperature of 200 °C and 20% wb carrier content, with 4% moisture content and 88.6% volatiles retention.

Characteristics and Process Optimization of Hot-Air Drying Pepper

2012 ◽  
Vol 490-495 ◽  
pp. 3074-3078
Author(s):  
Chun Shan Liu ◽  
Wen Fu Wu ◽  
Jia Song ◽  
Ya Qiu Zhang ◽  
Jun Xing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Hot Air Drying ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Primary Parameter ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Pre Treatment

In order to solve the drying problems in the deep-processing of pepper, peppers were dried through blanching pre-treatment and hot-air drying process. Orthogonal test designs were carried out to investigate factors influencing the quality and moisture content of pepper. The results showed that the whole drying process was a reduction speed drying, hot-air temperature and wind speed have significantly affected on the drying rate of pepper, but the impact of hot-air temperature was more prominent than wind speed; hot-air temperature was found to be the primary parameter to affect the quality of the pepper, wind speed was the secondary one and followed by packing thickness; drying time was found to be the primary parameter to affect the moisture content of the pepper in the drying process, the best drying conditions were as follows: wind temperature was 80°C, wind speed was 10 m/s, packing thickness was 80 cm, drying time was 12 h after 100°C steam blanching pre-treatment

The Experimental Study on Infrared Dryer for Corn

2015 ◽  
Vol 723 ◽  
pp. 711-714
Author(s):  
Chun Shan Liu ◽  
Si Yu Chen ◽  
Wen Fu Wu ◽  
Jun Fa Wang ◽  
Hai Bo Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Load Condition ◽  
Air Distribution ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Drying Characteristics ◽  
Infrared Drying ◽  
Hot Air

To understand the drying characteristics of corn in infrared drying process, the research of corn post-harvest drying experiment was developed on self-developed infrared grain dryer. Analysing the influence of hot air temperature by blast capacity and the outlet size of air distribution under the full load condition, the change rules of the corn moisture content, the temperature change and the energy consumption characteristics during the drying process have been researched.

Biomass of understory species of Pinus halepensis Mill. forests in the Kassandra Peninsula - Chalkidiki

1998 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Smiris ◽  
F. Maris ◽  
K. Vitoris ◽  
N. Stamou ◽  
P. Ganatsas
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Quercus Ilex ◽  
Pinus Halepensis ◽  
Biomass Estimation ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Pistacia Lentiscus ◽  
Quercus Coccifera ◽  
Understory Species ◽  
Cistus Incanus

This  study deals with the biomass estimation of the understory species of Pinus halepensis    forests in the Kassandra peninsula, Chalkidiki (North Greece). These  species are: Quercus    coccifera, Quercus ilex, Phillyrea media, Pistacia lentiscus, Arbutus  unedo, Erica arborea, Erica    manipuliflora, Smilax aspera, Cistus incanus, Cistus monspeliensis,  Fraxinus ornus. A sample of    30 shrubs per species was taken and the dry and fresh weights and the  moisture content of    every component of each species were measured, all of which were processed  for aboveground    biomass data. Then several regression equations were examined to determine  the key words.

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