The response of Chamaecyparisnootkatensis stecklings to seven nutrient regimes

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 647-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.J. Hawkins
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Complete Solution ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Photosynthetic Responses ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Yellow cypress (Chamaecyparisnootkatensis (D. Don) Spach) stecklings (rooted cuttings) of two clones from each of three provenances representing northern and southern Vancouver Island and the lower mainland, British Columbia, were grown in inert rooting medium and fertilized with seven nutrient solutions. The stecklings were compared for their growth and photosynthetic responses to (i) deficiencies of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium separately, or a deficiency of all three macronutrients; (ii) nutrients supplied in excess; and (iii) nutrients supplied at constant or exponentially increasing rates. One clone from the northern Vancouver Island provenance was consistently more productive than the others, having the greatest total dry weight and highest net photosynthetic rate in all nutrient treatments. The "complete" nutrient mix supplied in exponentially increasing volumes provided maximum response in growth and photosynthesis for all clones. This response was not significantly better than that of stecklings that received the complete solution at a constant rate of addition; however, stecklings supplied at a constant rate were less efficient in their uptake of macronutrients. Deficiency of nitrogen resulted in the greatest reduction in steckling growth. Phosphorus deficiency resulted in the greatest reduction in stomatal and mesophyll conductances, and therefore assimilation rate. Provided the proportions of individual mineral elements were balanced, plants subject to very low levels of nutrition survived and continued to photosynthesize. Nutrients provided in excess resulted in luxury consumption, and eventually led to plant death. This study demonstrates the potential for using nutritional testing in clonal screening trials to reveal high productivity or deficiency-susceptible clones.

scholarly journals Evaluating Woody Ornamentals for Use in Herbicide Phytoremediation

2002 ◽  
Vol 127 (6) ◽  
pp. 991-997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Baz ◽  
R. Thomas Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Day Treatment ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Salix Alba ◽  
Photosystem Ii Efficiency ◽  
White Willow ◽  
Photosynthetic Responses ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Itea virginica L. `Sprich' (virginia sweetspire), Salix alba L. (white willow), and S. gracilistyla var. melanostachys (Mak.) Miq. (black pussywillow) were treated with a 4 mg·L-1 suspension of two herbicides, isoxaben and oryzalin, a water control (water) or a nonsaturated control (control) for 9 days. Growth and photosynthetic responses were monitored before, during and after the 9-day treatment for a total of 51 days. Growth index of white willow and virginia sweetspire was only reduced by isoxaben treatment while both herbicides reduced the growth index for black pussywillow compared to control. Plant dry weights of the willows were not affected by day 9. Final dry weight was lower for both herbicide treatments for all taxa. The water treatment resulted in lower total dry weight than control only for virginia sweetspire. Isoxaben reduced photosystem II efficiency (Fv/Fm) and CO2 assimilation (A) following release from treatments of virginia sweetspire and black pussywillow. There were few differences in Fv/Fm and A for white willow. The response to oryzalin was similar to water for most parameters measured for virginia sweetspire and white willow. Growth was more strongly affected by oryzalin for black pussywillow than for other taxa but there were few differences in Fv/Fm or A between oryzalin and control for any of the taxa. Virginia sweetspire and white willow showed promise for use in phytoremediation of oryzalin but none of the taxa performed well under the levels of isoxaben used. Chemical names used: isoxaben (N-[3-(1-ethyl-1-methylpropyl)-5-isoxazolyly]-2,6-dimethoxybenzamide); oryzalin (4-(dipropylamino)-3,5-dinitrobenzenesulforamide).

scholarly journals Influence of Glomus intraradices on growth, biochemical changes and withanolides content of Withania somnifera L Dunal (Ashwagandha)

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1&2) ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
Neelima Ratti ◽  
Avinash Upadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Withania Somnifera ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Withanolide A ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Withania somnifera L. Dunal (Ashwagandha) also known as Indian ginseng, of the family Solanaceae is an important ancient medicinal plant, used in the Indian traditional system of medicine. The medicinal importance of W. somnifera is attributed to the presence of steroidal lactones called withanolides which are present in the leaves and roots of the herb. The present set of pot experiment was designed to investigate the effect of Glomus intraradices inoculation on growth, biochemical parameters and withanolides content of W. somnifera. The results showed significant enhancement on plant growth, biochemical parameters and withanolide content in plant. Mycorrhizal treatment showed better vegetative growth in comparison to untreated plants. Significant increase in height, root length, and total dry weight (biomass) of AM inoculated plants as compared to non inoculated plants was observed. AM fungi considerably enhanced the levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium as compared to that of non-mycorrhizal plants. A considerable increase in withaferin A and withanolide  a content by mycorrhization was observed. Mycorrhizal inoculation significantly affected withanolide content of W. somnifera. The results suggested that G. intraradices is a beneficial biofertilizer for increasing yield of biologically important secondary metabolites in W. somnifera.

scholarly journals Doses de fósforo e potássio no desenvolvimento da cultura de Crambe abyssinica

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Lucia Helena Garófalo Chaves ◽  
Ramara Sena Souza
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Crambe Abyssinica ◽  
Fertilizer Use ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Number Of Branches

<p>A cultura do crambe (<em>Crambe abyssinica</em>) é uma alternativa para produção de biodisel recebendo este enfoque por sua rusticidade, precocidade, alto teor de óleo e adaptabilidade. Os nutrientes minerais possuem funções essenciais e específicas no metabolismo das plantas. A aplicação de fertilizantes minerais é feita para repor sua perda, pois a cada ciclo as plantas extraem nutrientes dos solos. O manejo adequado do uso de fertilizantes no cultivo do crambe é pouco conhecido, não havendo recomendações específicas para a adubação. Portanto, objetivou-se estudar os efeitos da adubação mineral relativa aos elementos fósforo e potássio, no crescimento e na produção do crambe. O experimento foi instalado em casa de vegetação, com delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 4 x 4 + 1, com três repetições, totalizando 51 unidades experimentais. As doses de fósforo e potássio utilizadas foram 50; 75; 100 e 125 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>. Aos 60 dias após o semeio (DAS) foram analisadas altura das plantas, diâmetro caulinar e número de ramificações. As plantas foram colhidas em fase de maturação aos 90 DAS, quando foram avaliadas a massa seca total das plantas, número de grãos por planta e massa de mil grãos. O crescimento e a produção do crambe, nestas condições, foram pouco influenciados pela aplicação de fósforo e potássio, provavelmente, porque a cultura foi prejudicada pela falta de adubação nitrogenada.</p><p align="center"><strong><em>Phosphorus and potassium doses in the development of </em></strong><strong><em>Crambe abyssinica</em></strong><strong><em>  culture</em></strong></p><p><strong>Abstract</strong><strong>: </strong>Mineral nutrients have essential and specific roles in plant metabolism. The application of mineral fertilizers is made to replenish its loss, for every cycle of the plant extract soil nutrients. The crambe culture is an alternative for the production of biodiesel getting this approach for its rusticity, precocity, high oil content and adaptability. Proper management of fertilizer use in crambe cultivation is little known and no specific recommendations for fertilizer. Therefore, the objective of this research was to study the effects of mineral fertilizers on the elements phosphorus and potassium on growth and production of crambe. The experiment was installed in a greenhouse, with a completely randomized design in a factorial 4 x 4 + 1, with three repetitions, totaling 51 experimental units. Phosphorus and potassium levels the used were 50; 75; 100 and 125 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>. The use of these elements caused no significant effect on the growth and production of crambe. Sixty days after sowing<strong> </strong>(DAS) plant height, stem diameter and number of branches were analyzed. Plants were harvested at maturity stage at 90 DAS, when the total dry weight of plants, number of grains per plant and thousand grain weights were evaluated. The growth and production of crambe, these conditions were little influenced by the application of phosphorus and potassium, probably because culture was hampered by a lack of nitrogen fertilization.</p>

BIOASSAY OF PROLACTIN

1969 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles S. Nicoll
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Assay Sensitivity ◽  
Mucosal Epithelium ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Total Dry Weight

ABSTRACT The response of the pigeon crop-sac to systemically acting prolactin (injected subcutaneously) was evaluated by measuring the wet weight of the responsive lateral lobes of the organ and by determining the dry weight of a 4 cm diameter disc of mucosal epithelium taken from one hemicrop. Of several different injection schedules tested, administration of prolactin in four daily injections was found to yield optimal responses. When compared with a graded series of prolactin doses, measurement of the mucosal dry weight proved to be a better method of response quantification than determination of the crop-sac wet weight with respect to both assay sensitivity and precision. The submucosal tissue of the crop-sac was estimated to constitute about 64 % of the total dry weight of the unstimulated organ and it was found to be relatively unresponsive to prolactin stimulation in comparison with the mucosa. The lipid content of the mucosal epithelium was determined using unstimulated crop-sacs or tissues which showed varying degrees of prolactin-induced proliferation. The fat content of the mucosal epithelial cells increased only slightly more rapidly than the dry weight or the defatted dry weight of the mucosa. Suggestions are made for the further improvement of the systemic crop-sac assay for prolactin.

Productivity of the forage of perennial grasses and their mixtures on drained peatlands

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (91) ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
V.H. Kurhak ◽  
M.I. Shtakal ◽  
V.M. Shtakal
Keyword(s):  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
High Productivity

There showed the productivity, chemical composition of feed and the timing of mowing of grass and variety mixes of permanent grasses on drained peat soils of Left Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The presence of early rip­ ened seeded grass provides a uniform supply use mowed mass from middle May until the end of September and the productivity of lands, which ranges from 10 to 14 t/ha of dry weight, metabolizable energy – 100.0 – 130.0 GJ and feed units 7-11 t/ha. Additional manuring of N90 on the background Р45К120 is effective at the start of second year of use. On the organization of hay conveyors of different ripening time herbages is possible to extend the optimal tim­ ing of mowing of green mass to 25-35 days. Best among the early-maturing grass crops are Dactylis glomerata va­ riety Kyivska rannia-1 with Alopecurus pratensis variety Sarnenskiy ranniy or its mixture with Bromus inermis and Festuca pratensis. With medium ripening – pure sowing eastern fescue of variety Lyudmila, Phalaris arundinacea variety Sarnenski-40, Bromus inermis variety Arsen and their compounds. High productivity of late-ripening herb­ age is provided by the inclusion in the composition of grass mixtures of Phleum pratense L. variety Vyshgorodska and Dactylis glomerata of variety Ukrainka, and Agrostis gigantea Roth variety Sarnenska piznia. It is also possible organization hay conveyors of different ripening varieties of Dactylis glomerata varieties Kyivska rannia, Muravka, Ukrainka.

THE EFFECT OF SALINITY OF IRRIGATION WATER AND SPRAYING BY HUMIC ACID IN SOME OF MORPHOLOGICAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES, GROWTH AND YIELD OF WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
E. K. Al-Fahdawe ◽  
A. A. Al-Sumaidaie ◽  
Y. K. Al-Hadithy
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium

A pots experiment was conducted at the Department of Biology/College of Education for Girls/University of Anbar during Autumn season of 2018-2019 to study the effect of the salinity irrigation water and spray by humic acid in some of morphological, physiological, growth and yield traits of wheat cv. IPa. The experiment was randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The first factor was assigned for irrigation by saline water at four level (S0, S1, S2 and S3), while the second factor was the foliar spraying of humic acid in three level (0.0, 1.0 and 1.5 g l-1). The results showed that there was significant reduction in plant height, vegetative dry weight, biological yield and chlorophyll leaves content when the plants were irrigated by saline water approached to 41.09 cm, 0.747 g, 0.849 g plant-1 and 38.67 SPAD, respectively at salinity level of 8.3 ds m-1 compared with the plants which irrigated by fresh water. The total carbohydrates were significantly decreased at the treatment of 8.3 ds m-1 reached 18.71 mg g-1. Spray levels humic acid achieved a significant increase in plant height, dry weight of the vegetative part, biological yield and chlorophyll leaves content sprayed at 1.0 and 1.5 g l-1 compared to no sprayed. Nitrogen concentration was significantly increased, while both phosphorus and potassium were decreased in the vegetative parts of wheat as the salinity of irrigation water increased. However, the increase of humic acid levels led to significant increasing in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentration.

Impact of an Open Trellis on Canopy Growth, Light Interception, Yield, and Leaf Physiology of Red Raspberry (Rubus idaeus)

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 468b-468
Author(s):  
Stephen F. Klauer ◽  
J. Scott Cameron ◽  
Chuhe Chen
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Leaf Physiology ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Upper Third

After promising results were obtained with an open-style split trellis (two top wires) in its initial year, two new trials were established in 1997 in northwest (Lynden) and southwest (Woodland) Washington. For the split trellis, actual yields were 33% (machine-picked 1/2 season) and 17% (hand-picked) greater, respectively, for the two locations compared to the conventional trellis (one top wire). In Woodland, canes from the split trellis had 33% more berries, 55% more laterals, 69% more leaves, and 25% greater leaf area compared with the conventional trellis. Greatest enhancement of these components was in the upper third of the canopy. Laterals were also shorter in this area of the split canopy, but there was no difference in average total length of lateral/cane between trellis types. Total dry weight/cane was 22% greater in the split trellis, but component partitioning/cane was consistent between the two systems with fruit + laterals (43%) having the greatest above-ground biomass, followed by the stem (30% to 33%) and the leaves (21% to 22%). Measurement of canopy width, circumference, and light interception showed that the split-trellis canopy filled in more quickly, and was larger from preanthesis through postharvest. Light interception near the top of the split canopy was 30% greater 1 month before harvest with 98% interception near the top and middle of that canopy. There was no difference between the trellis types in leaf CO2 assimilation, spectra, or fluorescence through the fruiting season, or in total nitrogen of postharvest primocane leaves.

scholarly journals Impact of Different Water Management Regimes on the Growth, Productivity, and Resource Use Efficiency of Dry Direct Seeded Rice in Central Punjab-Pakistan

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1151
Author(s):  
Sadam Hussain ◽  
Saddam Hussain ◽  
Zubair Aslam ◽  
Muhammad Rafiq ◽  
Adeel Abbas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Benefit Cost

Dry direct-seeded rice has been shown to save irrigation water and labor. Nonetheless, irrigation management in dry direct-seeded rice has received very little attention. Here, we examined the potential of different irrigation regimes: aerobic rice (AR), alternate wetting and drying (AWD) and continuous flooding (CF) in dry direct-seeded rice cultivation on two rice cultivars (Pride-1 (hybrid indica) and NB-1 (inbred indica)). Growth, yield attributes, grain yield, total water input, water productivity and benefit cost ratio were measured. Our results showed that AR saved 11.22 and 28.40%, and 5.72 and 32.98% water compared with AWD and CF during 2018 and 2020, respectively. There was a significant difference in grain yield among treatments and cultivars. AWD and CF produced statistically same total dry weight and grain yield, while AR reduced the total dry weight by 31.34% and 38.04% and grain yield by 34.82% and 38.16% in comparison to AWD and CF, respectively, across the years. Except for 1000-grain weight and harvest index in AWD and CF, further differences in total dry weight and grain yield among irrigation treatments were primarily correlated with variations in yield attributes. Among the cultivars, hybrid rice performed better than inbred rice. Over the two-year period, hybrid rice increased total dry weight, grain yield, and water productivity by 9.28%, 13.05%, and 14.28%, respectively, as compared to inbred rice. Regarding water productivity (WP), the maximum percentage (40.90 and 26.53%) was recorded for AWD compared to AR and CF. Among cultivars, more water productivity (14.28%) was calculated for hybrid rice than inbred one. Chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, leaf area index and crop growth rate contributed to higher grain yield of hybrid rice under AWD and CF. In contrast to WP, the maximum benefit cost ratio was estimated to be higher for CF than that of AR and AWD. For the cultivars, the maximum value (2.26 in 2018 and 2.32 in 2020) was calculated for hybrid rice compared with the inbred one. In conclusion, these results suggests that AWD with maximum WP and CF with maximum BCR could be more efficient approaches than AR. Under CF, hybrid rice cultivars with higher yield and yield-related attributes, WP and BCR performed better.

Effects of Temperature and CO2Concentration on the Growth of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), Spurred Anoda (Anoda cristata), and Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti)

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 751-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Patterson ◽  
Maxine T. Highsmith ◽  
Elizabeth P. Flint
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Net Assimilation Rate ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Leaf Weight ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Cotton, spurred anoda, and velvetleaf were grown in controlled-environment chambers at day/night temperatures of 32/23 or 26/17 C and CO2concentrations of 350 or 700 ppm. After 5 weeks, CO2enrichment to 700 ppm increased dry matter accumulation by 38, 26, and 29% in cotton, spurred anoda, and velvetleaf, respectively, at 26/17 C and by 61, 41, and 29% at 32/23 C. Increases in leaf weight accounted for over 80% of the increase in total plant weight in cotton and spurred anoda in both temperature regimes. Leaf area was not increased by CO2enrichment. The observed increases in dry matter production with CO2enrichment were caused by increased net assimilation rate. In a second experiment, plants were grown at 350 ppm CO2and 29/23 C day/night for 17 days before exposure to 700 ppm CO2at 26/17 C for 1 week. Short-term exposure to high CO2significantly increased net assimilation rate, dry matter production, total dry weight, leaf dry weight, and specific leaf weight in comparison with plants maintained at 350 ppm CO2at 26/17 C. Increases in leaf weight in response to short-term CO2enrichment accounted for 100, 87, and 68% of the observed increase in total plant dry weight of cotton, spurred anoda, and velvetleaf, respectively. Comparisons among the species showed that CO2enrichment decreased the weed/crop ratio for total dry weight, possibly indicating a potential competitive advantage for cotton under elevated CO2, even at suboptimum temperatures.

Development and quantitative measurement of microsclerotia of Verticillium dahliae

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 2097-2102 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Hall ◽  
H. Ly
Keyword(s):  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Quantitative Measurement ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Carbon Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Low Glucose ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Hyaline Material

The development of microsclerotia of Verticillium dahliae from a few swollen hyaline cells on a hypha to a multicellular, pigmented "mature" structure is described and illustrated. A method for quantitatively estimating the amount of pigmented microsclerotial material in pure cultures was developed to study quantitative relations between mycelial growth and production of microsclerotial material in media containing different concentrations of glucose. At low glucose concentrations (0.6 to 10 mg/ml) microsclerotial material continued to increase after total dry weight of the cultures had reached a maximum, suggesting conversion of hyaline to pigmented material. At high glucose concentrations (20 to 60 mg/ml) the patterns of increase in total dry weight, microsclerotial material, and hyaline material were similar over a 4-week incubation period. Maximum production of both pigmented and hyaline materials occurred at a glucose concentration of 30 mg/ml (carbon/nitrogen ratio of 50/1).

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