Tissue-culture shoot and root system effects on field performance of loblolly pine

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.B. Anderson ◽  
L.J. Frampton Jr. ◽  
S.E. McKeand ◽  
J.F. Hodges
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Root System ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Growth Loss ◽  
Tissue Culture Plantlets

To study differences in growth between loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) tissue-culture plantlets and seedlings, shoot systems of plantlets and seedlings were grafted onto plantlet and seedling root systems. After three growing seasons, plantlet root systems accounted for 0.3 m of height growth loss and 1.0 cm of loss in basal diameter, while plantlet shoot systems accounted for 0.6 m of height growth loss and 1.4 cm of loss in basal diameter. The mature-appearing morphology of plantlet shoots was due to the shoot system of plantlets and not to the indirect effect of the plantlet root system.

Field performance of black spruce and jack pine inoculated with selected species of ectomycorrhizal fungi

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1974-1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark H.R. Browning ◽  
Roy D. Whitney
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Initial Size ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Foliar Concentrations

Seedlings of black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) and jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) were inoculated with fragmented hyphae of one of five species of ectomycorrhizal fungi and outplanted on reforestation sites after 14 weeks of growth in the nursery. Black spruce were planted on a peatland site and a stony loam site; jack pine were planted on the same stony loam site and on a sandy site. Inoculation of both species with Laccariaproximo (Boud.) Maire resulted in significantly better shoot growth compared with uninoculated seedlings over a 2-year period on all sites. Hebelomacylindrosporum Romagn. improved the height growth of black spruce on the peatland site and of jack pine on the stony loam site after 2 years. Laccariabicolor (Maire) Orton also improved the height growth of jack pine on the stony loam after 2 years. Black spruce inoculated with L. bicolor were significantly smaller than uninoculated seedlings. Size differences present in black spruce at outplanting persisted for two growing seasons, whereas initial size did not predict the field performance of jack pine. Inoculation of black spruce with L. proxima resulted in higher foliar concentrations of K and Zn compared with uninoculated seedlings on the peatland site. Foliar concentrations of N, P, K, and Zn in jack pine inoculated with L. proxima were significantly higher than those of uninoculated seedlings at the stony loam site. All inoculated fungi (except Pisolithustinctorius (Pers.) Coker & Couch, which did not form mycorrhizae) remained on the root systems for two growing seasons, but their presence declined sharply in the 2nd year. Laccariabicolor was the most persistent mycobiont on root systems of both tree species. Colonization of black spruce by indigenous ectomycorrhizal fungi was faster on the stony loam site than on the peatland site. The diversity of wild ectomycorrhizae on the planted seedlings was higher on both the peatland and sand sites than on the stony loam site.

scholarly journals Four Site-Preparation Techniques for Regenerating Pine-Hardwood Mixtures in the Piedmont

1997 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 116-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Waldrop
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Southern Appalachian ◽  
Medium Quality ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Preparation Techniques

Abstract Four variations of the fell-and-burn technique, a system developed to produce mixed pine-hardwood stands in the Southern Appalachian Mountains, were compared in the Piedmont region. All variations of this technique successfully improved the commercial value of low-quality hardwood stands by introducing a pine component. After six growing seasons, loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) occupied the dominant crown position and oaks the codominant position in fell-and-burn treated stands on poor to medium quality sites. The precise timing of felling residual stems, as prescribed by the fell-and-burn technique, may be flexible because winter and spring felling produced similar results. Although summer site preparation burns reduced hardwood height growth by reducing the length of the first growing season, they did not improve pine survival or growth. Pines were as tall as hardwoods within four growing seasons in burned plots and within six growing seasons in unburned plots. Additional research is needed to determine the level or intensity of site preparation needed to establish pine-hardwood mixtures over a range of site conditions. South. J. Appl. For. 21(3):116-122.

Foliar Nitrogen Content at Lifting Correlates with Early Growth of Loblolly Pine Seedlings from 20 Nurseries

1988 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry S. Larsen ◽  
David B. South ◽  
James N. Boyer
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Root Growth Potential ◽  
Foliar Nitrogen ◽  
Pine Seedlings

Abstract Height growth of outplanted loblolly pine seedlings was monitored over a 3-year period. Growth of seedlings from 20 nurseries was correlated with initial seedling characteristics from paired samples. Height growth during the first 6 months after planting was negatively correlated with the initial seedling height and shoot/root ratio and was positively correlated with root growth potential (RGP) and root weight. However, these variables were not significantly correlated with later growth. Foliar nitrogen content (mg of foliar nitrogen per seedling) was positively correlated with both initial and subsequent field growth. Foliar nitrogen content was the only variable that was significantly correlated with diameter growth and volume growth during the third year after planting. This variable accounted for 36% of the variation among sample means for 3-year height growth. These data support a previous report that field performance of loblolly pine seedlings during the first 3 years in the field can be influenced by the foliar nitrogen content at lifting. South. J. Appl. For. 12(3):181-185.

Initial Pinustaeda seedling height relationships with early survival and growth

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 867-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Tuttle ◽  
D. B. South ◽  
M. S. Golden ◽  
R. S. Meldahl
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Southern United States ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Initial Field ◽  
Initial Height ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Survival And Growth

Initial planting height of loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) seedlings from several nurseries and seed sources was related to survival and height growth on "good" and "poor" planting chances in Alabama. A planting chance was classified as poor if 2-year survival was less than 75% and total 2-year height growth was less than 75 cm. Seedling height (measured immediately following planting) was negatively related to survival, and the slope of the regression was four times greater when the planting chance was classified as poor than when it was classified as good. Initial height was also negatively related to 2-year height growth on poor planting chances, with shorter seedlings at planting reaching the same total height as taller ones after two seasons. As a result, initial field height on poor planting chances had little impact on total seedling height after two growing seasons. Therefore, there was no height growth advantage gained by planting seedlings taller than 20 cm when survival was less than 75%. Planting seedlings with heights of 20–34 cm was less of a problem when the planting chance was good. The use of shorter seedlings on planting chances where low survival may be expected may significantly increase loblolly pine seedling survival in the southern United States.

Morphological and physiological attributes of root systems and seedling growth in three different Picea glauca reforestation stock

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 1669-1681 ◽  
Author(s):  
M J Krasowski ◽  
J N Owens
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
System Size ◽  
The Other ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Forest Sites

The relationship between certain morphological characteristics of white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) planting stock (STK) and post-planting seedling performance was evaluated. Root system size at planting, its expansion, and its capacity to conduct water during the first post-planting weeks were determined. These characteristics were related to the performance of STK planted on two forest sites and measured for three growing seasons and to the performance of seedlings grown in large wooden boxes buried in the soil outdoors for one growing season (grown without competition from other vegetation). The compared STK were (i) polystyroblock grown, (ii) polystyroblock grown with chemical root pruning, and (iii) peat-board grown with mechanical root pruning. After three growing seasons on forest sites, seedlings with mechanically pruned roots grew more above ground than did seedlings from polystyroblock containers. This difference in seedling growth performance was even more significant for seedlings grown in wooden boxes. Of these, the mechanically pruned seedlings grew more not only above the ground but they also produced larger root systems by the end of the first growing season. This was despite the initially significantly smaller root systems of mechanically pruned seedlings, compared with the other two STK. Early (5-7 weeks after planting) post-planting root expansion patterns in the three STK were significantly different, with the roots of mechanically pruned seedlings growing less than the roots in the other two STK. In spite of this, pressure-probe measured hydraulic conductivity and water flux through root systems increased during the first post-planting weeks in mechanically pruned seedlings while declining or changing little in the other two STK. It was concluded that root system size at planting and its early post-planting expansion did not relate well to the root system hydraulic properties or to the post-planting seedling growth performance.

Juvenile wood specific gravity of loblolly pine tissue culture plantlets and seedlings

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 1347-1350 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Frampton Jr. ◽  
J. B. Jett
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Juvenile Wood ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Wood Specific Gravity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Single Clone ◽  
Tissue Culture Plantlets

Juvenile-wood specific gravity of loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) tissue culture plantlets and seedlings were compared. Wood samples collected from several (6 to 13) families at three sites, each at a different age (2, 3, and 6 years), showed a significant difference between the overall plantlet and seedling mean specific gravity only in the youngest material (0.387 versus 0.356, respectively). Another collection of wood samples from three different sites at age 5 years showed that the within-site variation in specific gravity for a single clone was 29% that of the open-pollinated family from which it was derived. When tissue culture techniques become practical, operational clonal plantations of loblolly pine should offer substantial improvement in the uniformity of wood produced relative to the heterogeneous seedling-origin plantations currently being established.

Early Field Performance of Loblolly Pine Seedlings with Pisolithus Tinctorius Ectomycorrhizae on Two Lower Coastal Plain Sites

1983 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory N. Leach ◽  
Homer H. Gresham
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Pisolithus Tinctorius ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Bare Root ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Lower Coastal Plain ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

Abstract Bare root seedlings of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) with Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker and Couch (Pt) ectomycorrhizae were outplanted on typical reforestation sites in the lower coastal plain in Florida and Georgia. After two growing seasons, survival and height growth of seedlings with heavy Pt colonization at planting were not significantly different from control seedlings naturally infected with other ectomycorrhizae. Mycelial inoculum added to the nursery soil resulted in greater Pt colonization of seedlings than basidiospore inoculum applied in an inert coating on encapsulated seed.

Growth of Loblolly Pine with Roots Planted in Five Configurations

1980 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank W. Woods
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Tap Root ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Firm Evidence

Abstract Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) planted in two locations with roots in straight, slanted, L-shaped, P-shaped, and balled configurations were excavated and measured seven years after planting. At each location, there were no differences (P = .05) between treatments in survival, height growth, or d.b.h. However, at one site and for pooled data from both sites, trees with balled roots had smaller root collars than trees with L-shaped roots. There was no firm evidence that trees planted with bent, balled, or slanted root systems were less productive than those planted with a straight tap root.

scholarly journals Hand-Lifting Improves Field Performance of Loblolly Pine Seedlings

2001 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-135
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Greene ◽  
S. Tannis Danley
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings were lifted from two Georgia nurseries and planted on six sites in Georgia and Alabama during the winter of 1997/1998. Survival, height, and groundline diameters were measured after two growing seasons. Hand-lifted seedlings from both nurseries were taller than machine-lifted seedlings across all sites by 7–14 cm, resulting in stem volume index increases of 19–30% over 2 yr. Survival of hand-lifted seedlings was higher (P < 0.05) for the nursery using a two-row belt lifter. Seedlings from outer drills at this nursery were 10 cm taller and produced 21% more stem volume after 2 yr than seedlings from inner drills. South. J. Appl. For. 25(3):131–135.

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