Variation in N, P, and K status and N efficiency in some North American willows

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1888-1893 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Simon ◽  
L. Zsuffa ◽  
D. Burgess
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Treatment Level ◽  
Total N ◽  
Willow Species ◽  
N Efficiency ◽  
Exponential Rates ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

Differences in N, P, and K status and N efficiency of some North American willow species and their clones were observed and evaluated. Salixeriocephala Michx., S. lucida Mühl., and S. exigua Nutt., represented by five clones each, were raised from cuttings in potted loamy sand for 113 days. Plants were subjected to three levels of fertilization (equivalent to 125, 250, or 500 kg N/ha) applied at exponential rates of addition (0.06, 0.071, and 0.082, respectively), using complete nutrient solutions and were compared with control plants (no fertilizer added). The experiment showed that nutrient concentration and nutrient uptake in the plants depended not only on treatments but also on species and clones. Thus, species and clones that removed smaller amounts of nutrients per unit of biomass could be selected. Species had a larger effect than clones on nutrient concentration and content. Total nutrient content, at the same treatment level, depended primarily on biomass production. Significant variation existed among species and clones in the ratio of biomass/total N. Salixeriocephala (the best species) produced 35.1% more than the other species, and the best experimental clones within species produced 27.8–41.6% more stem per unit of N than the poorest clones.

scholarly journals Genotype-Dependent Tipburn Severity During Lettuce Hydroponic Culture Is Associated with Altered Nutrient Leaf Content

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 616
Author(s):  
Virginia Birlanga ◽  
José Ramón Acosta-Motos ◽  
José Manuel Pérez-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L ◽  
Hydroponic Cultivation ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Nutrient Solutions ◽  
Nutrient Traits

Cultivated lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is one of the most important leafy vegetables in the world, and most of the production is concentrated in the Mediterranean Basin. Hydroponics has been successfully utilized for lettuce cultivation, which could contribute to the diversification of production methods and the reduction of water consumption and excessive fertilization. We devised a low-cost procedure for closed hydroponic cultivation and easy phenotyping of root and shoot attributes of lettuce. We studied 12 lettuce genotypes of the crisphead and oak-leaf subtypes, which differed on their tipburn resistance, for three growing seasons (Fall, Winter, and Spring). We found interesting genotype × environment (G × E) interactions for some of the studied traits during early growth. By analyzing tipburn incidence and leaf nutrient content, we were able to identify a number of nutrient traits that were highly correlated with cultivar- and genotype-dependent tipburn. Our experimental setup will allow evaluating different lettuce genotypes in defined nutrient solutions to select for tipburn-tolerant and highly productive genotypes that are suitable for hydroponics.

scholarly journals Chemical and Microbial Characterization of Washed Rice Water Waste to Assess Its Potential as Plant Fertilizer and for Increasing Soil Health

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2391
Author(s):  
Abba Nabayi ◽  
Christopher Teh Boon Sung ◽  
Ali Tan Kee Zuan ◽  
Tan Ngai Paing ◽  
Nurul Izzati Mat Akhir
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Total N ◽  
Available N ◽  
Microbial Characterization ◽  
Rice Water ◽  
Water Waste

The wastewater from washed rice water (WRW) is often recommended as a source of plant nutrients in most Asian countries, even though most current research on WRW lack scientific rigor, particularly on the effects of rice washing intensity, volumetric water-to-rice ratio (W:R), and condition of the WRW before plant application. This research was thus carried out: (1) to determine how various rice washing intensities, fermentation periods (FP), and W:R would affect the nutrient content in WRW, and (2) to isolate, identify, and characterize the bacterial community from fermented WRW. The WRW was prepared at several rice washing intensities (50, 80, and 100 rpm), FP (0, 3, 6, and 9 days), and W:R (1:1, 3:1, and 6:1). The concentrations of all elements (except P, Mg, and Zn) and available N forms increased with increasing FP and W:R. Beneficial N-fixing and P- and K-solubilizing bacteria were additionally detected in WRW, which helped to increase the concentrations of these elements. Monovalent nutrients -N, , and K are soluble in water. Thus, they were easily leached out of the rice grains and why their concentrations increased with W:R. The bacteria population in WRW increased until 3 days of fermentation, then declined, possibly because there was an insufficient C content in WRW to be a source of energy for bacteria to support their prolonged growth. While C levels in WRW declined over time, total N levels increased then decreased after 3 days, where the latter was most possibly due to the denitrification and ammonification process, which had led to the increase in -N and . The optimum FP and W:R for high nutrient concentrations and bacterial population were found to be 3 to 9 days and 3:1 to 6:1, respectively. WRW contained nutrients and beneficial bacterial species to support plant growth.

scholarly journals Nitrogen dressing and nutrient absorption of lilies (Asiatic hybrids) on sandy soils.

1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-272
Author(s):  
J.H.G. Slangen ◽  
G.J. Krook ◽  
C.H.M. Hendriks ◽  
N.A.A. Hof
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Plant Analysis ◽  
Split Application ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Efficiency ◽  
Asiatic Hybrids ◽  
Bulb Yield

The effect of different amounts (0, 75, 150 and 225 kg/ha) and timings of split application of N on yield and nutrient uptake of 3 hybrid cultivars grown for bulbs was investigated. Efficiency of N-uptake was determined by soil and plant analysis with field experiments in 1983, 1984 and 1985. Leaching of fertilizers applied before planting induced low nutrient efficiencies in sandy soils. Dividing the total N-dressings into 4 monthly applications from Mar. to June or Apr. to July led to a higher N-efficiency, though fertilizers were easily leached with high rainfall. A total of 150 kg N/ha appeared to be adequate. Concentrations of plant nutrients (P, K, Ca, Mg and Na) in mature plants of cultivars Aristo, Connecticut King and Enchantment are presented in relation to bulb yield and N-uptake. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

The effect of genotype on biomass and nutrient content in 11-year-old loblolly pine plantations

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Pope
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
Elemental Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Hilly Region

Dry weights and nutrient contents of all aboveground biomass components were estimated for four seed sources of 11-year-old loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) grown in plantations of the same spacing on an old-field site of high quality in the hilly region of north-central Arkansas, U.S.A. Soil nutrient content was estimated to a depth of 0.61 m. Stand data averaged over all seeds sources are in agreement with published reports for dry weight and nutrient accumulation for loblolly pine if differences associated with seasonal variation are considered. Seed source significantly affected total dry matter and nutrient accumulations. Estimated total aboveground mean annual accumulation of biomass for the four seed sources ranged from 5.99 × 103 to 11.17 × 103 kg/ha per year. Elemental accumulation (kilograms per hectare per year) ranged from 14.06 to 23.66 for N, 1.54 to 3.45 for P, and 6.96 to 18.43 for K. On the average, trees comprise 84% of the aboveground plant biomass and contain 76% of the N, 77% of the P, and 90%, of the K associated with plant tissue. The significant influence of seed source on these stand values can affect the potential impact of short rotation, total tree harvesting on long-term site productivity. The elemental content of the tree biomass ranged from 7 to 11% of the total N, 20 to 35% of the P, and 14 to 30% of the K in the soil–litter–plant system.

Assessment of errors in nutrient analyses of roots

Soil Research ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1275 ◽  
Author(s):  
RK Misra
Keyword(s):  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Root Sample ◽  
Nutrient Analyses ◽  
And Storage

Errors in nutrient analyses of roots may arise from soil adhering to roots, the method of root separation from soil and storage of root samples. Experiments were conducted on fine roots of Eucalyptus nitens from a clay soil to establish a method for estimating true concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in root samples (i.e. unbiased by the soil adhering to roots), and to test the adequacy of measurements of ash residues of root samples for estimating the quantity of soil adhering to roots. Results indicated that nutrient concentrations on the basis of ash-free weight of root samples approached true nutrient concentrations of roots when the quality of soil adhering to roots was small, and the nutrient concentration of soil was much lower than the roots. Estimates of true nutrient concentrations of roots calculated from the information on the weight of soil adhering to roots and the nutrient concentration of the soil were satisfactory in the prediction of nutrient content of roots for a range of soil-contamination. The factor which accounted for contamination, and helped estimation of true concentrations from measured concentrations, depended on the magnitude of soil contamination and the relative concentrations of nutrients in roots and soil. Wet separation (washing) of roots from soil compared with dry separation resulted in 24% loss of K. With various methods of storage of washed root samples, the level of soil contamination was 5-20% of the root sample. Submergence of roots in water for 15 days after washing reduced the concentration of N, P and K in roots to 84, 50 and 54% of those roots which were dried immediately following washing. The rate of nutrient loss from roots was greater for K than for N and P when washed samples were stored submerged. On the basis of this study, it is recommended that roots, after separation from soil, should be dried as soon as possible with a minimum exposure of roots to wet conditions. Estimates of soil adhering to roots, and nutrient concentration of the adhering soil, are required to infer correct concentrations of nutrients in root samples.

Effects of Low Levels of the Nutrient Content of a Food and of Nutrient Imbalance on the Feeding and the Nutrition of a Phytophagous Larva, Celerio euphorbiae (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae)

1965 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. House
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Food Quality ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Adequate Diet ◽  
Nutrient Imbalance ◽  
Insect Populations ◽  
Low Levels

AbstractThe present work demonstrates how important food quality is to an insect. When the dietary inadequacy in an artificial food was dilution of its nutrient content to 85, 70 and 50%, respectively, fifth-instar Celerio euphorbiae (Linnaeus) ate progressively more food but they gained no more body weight on one diet than on another. The rate of food intake depended on nutrient concentration. On all nutrient levels the larvae were about 20% efficient in converting the foodstuff into body material and the body content of protein did not differ significantly.When the dietary inadequacy was immoderate proportions of several nutrients, the effects were not so clearly marked; nevertheless, the rate of food intake of the larvae could explain their body weight. The tendency seemed to be for the larvae to eat less and to gain less weight on the imbalanced diet than on an adequate diet. Moreover, conversion of foodstuff into body material did not seem as efficient on the imbalanced diet as on the control.The ecological significance of food quality suggested by the first example is that the destructiveness of phytophagous insects, for example, may depend in part on the degree of succulence and corresponding nutrient concentration of food plant tissues; and by the second example, that perhaps nutritional imbalances may play a part in controlling the potential destructiveness of insect populations.

Effect of density of Tephrosia candida stands on soil characteristics

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyang Lie ◽  
Zhuomin Wang ◽  
Li Xue
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
One Year ◽  
Tephrosia Candida ◽  
Total P

With one-year-old Tephrosia candida trees as experimental material, influence of stand density on soil nutrient content and enzyme activity was studied. The results showed that density had little influenced on pH value in 2, 4 and 8 trees m2 stands. The contents of soil organic matter, effective nitrogen and effective phosphorus significantly increased in 2 trees m2 stands. The contents of soil organic matter and effective nitrogen significantly increased, whereas total N, total P, total K, effective N, effective P and effective K significantly decreased in 4 trees/m2 stand. Soil organic matter and nutrients except for total P significantly decreased in 8 trees m2 stand. Among the three density stands, the activities of urease, catalase and phosphatase were the lowest in 8 trees m2 stand.

scholarly journals Flora of spoil heaps after hard coal mining in Trzebinia (southern Poland): effect of substratum properties

2013 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin W. Woch ◽  
Magdalena Radwańska ◽  
Anna M. Stefanowicz
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Total Carbon Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Southern Poland ◽  
Spoil Heaps

Abstract - The aim of the present study was to investigate the composition of spontaneous plant cover and the physicochemical properties of the substratum of spoil heaps of the Siersza hard coal mine in Trzebinia (southern Poland) abandoned in 2001. Floristic and soil analyses were performed in 2011. The substratum was very diverse in terms of texture (sand: 55-92 %, clay: 6-38 %), nutrient content (total C: 1.3-41.0 %, total N: 0.05-0.49 %, total Ca: 0.5-7.3 %) and pH (3.7-8.7). Moreover, total thallium concentration in the substratum was high, ranging from 6.0 to 14.6 mg kg-1. Plant cover varied from 50 to 95 %. The number of plant species per 4m2 varied from 6 to 29 and correlated negatively with total carbon content (r = -0.85, p < 0.01), and positively with sand content in the substratum (r = 66, p < 0.05). The highest number of species per area unit was observed on a humus substratum, where initial soil has developed on the part of carboniferous waste rock spoil under 20-30 year old trees, and the lowest on carbon shale with coal and culm. Among 197 plant species, most belong to Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Poaceae and Rosaceae families. Hemicryptophytes (49%) and terophytes (18%) predominated. The investigated area was primarily colonized by native species spread by the wind. However, invasive alien species also had a significant share (8%) in the plant cover.

SULFUR DIOXIDE AS A PRESERVATIVE FOR LEGUME-GRASS SILAGE

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 727-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. MATHISON ◽  
L. P. MILLIGAN ◽  
J. WOHLLEBE ◽  
R. M. ELOFSON
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Treatment Level ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
N Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Gain Ratio ◽  
Consistent Effect ◽  
Grass Silage

Alfalfa-bromegrass or alfalfa-bromegrass-timothy forage was treated with SO2 as a silage preservative at levels of 0, 0.14, 0.36 and 0.66% of the fresh forage weight while filling eight concrete stave silos (2.4 m in diameter × 6.1 m high). There was retention in the silage of 38–59% of the applied SO2. Although SO2 treatment did not (P > 0.05) influence silage pH or have a consistent effect on temperature, the ammonia N content of the silage was reduced (P < 0.01) from 10.9% of the total N in the control silage to 5.2% of the total N in the silage treated with 0.66% SO2. Silage acetate and lactate concentrations were also lowered (P < 0.01) by SO2 treatment. Butyrate and ethanol concentrations were very low and not (P > 0.05) affected by the preservative. The silage conserved with SO2 and hay harvested from the same fields were assessed using 80 steers in a feeding trial of 55 days. SO2 treatment had no consistent effect on dry matter intake; however, the rates of gain of the steers fed silage preserved with 0.36 and 0.66% SO2 were 26 and 23% higher (P < 0.05), respectively, than those of steers fed untreated silage. Feed dry matter to gain ratio decreased (P < 0.05) from 12.5 to 9.3 as the SO2 treatment level was increased from 0 to 0.66%. There were no differences (P > 0.05) in rate of gain, dry matter intake or the feed to gain ratio between steers fed hay and those fed the silage without SO2 treatment. It was concluded that SO2 exhibited potential as a good silage preservative when applied at rates of between 0.36 and 0.66% of the forage weight.

scholarly journals Nutrient Uptake in Poinsettia during Different Stages of Physiological Development

1997 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian E. Whipker ◽  
P. Allen Hammer
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Plant Nutrient ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Fertilization Rates ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Plant Nutrient Content

`Supjibi' poinsettias (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd.) were grown hydroponically for 15 weeks in nutrient solutions with 100-15-100, 200-30-200, or 300-46-300 (in mg·L-1 of N-P-K) to determine nutrient uptake patterns and accumulation rates. Results indicate that increasing fertilization rates from 100 to 300 mg·L-1 of N and K did not significantly influence the plant dry mass or the nutrient concentration of P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, and Zn in poinsettias. NH4-N concentration in the leaves, stems, and roots were lowest with the 100-mg·L-1 N fertilization rate and increased as the N application rate increased to 200 and 300 mg·L-1. Leaf P concentration levels from 1 week after potting through anthesis were above 1.3%, which exceeds the recommended level of 0.9%. When the plant tissue dry mass for each fertilizer rate was transformed by the natural log and multiplied by the mean tissue nutrient concentration of each fertilizer rate, there were no significant differences among the three fertilization rates when the total plant nutrient content was modeled for N, P, or K. Increasing the fertilizer application rate above 100 mg·L-1 N and K and 15 mg·L-1 P decreased total plant content of Ca, Mg, Mn, and Zn and increased the total plant Fe content. The results of the weekly nutrient uptake based on the total plant nutrient content in this study suggests that weekly fertilization rates should increase over time from potting until anthesis. Rates (in mg) that increase from 23 to 57 for N (with 33% of the total N supplied in the NH4-N form), 9 to 18.5 for P, 19 to 57 for K, 6 to 15 for Ca, and 3 to 8 for Mg can be applied without leaching to poinsettias and produce adequate growth in the northern United States.

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