Assessment of errors in nutrient analyses of roots

Soil Research ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1275 ◽  
Author(s):  
RK Misra
Keyword(s):  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Root Sample ◽  
Nutrient Analyses ◽  
And Storage

Errors in nutrient analyses of roots may arise from soil adhering to roots, the method of root separation from soil and storage of root samples. Experiments were conducted on fine roots of Eucalyptus nitens from a clay soil to establish a method for estimating true concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in root samples (i.e. unbiased by the soil adhering to roots), and to test the adequacy of measurements of ash residues of root samples for estimating the quantity of soil adhering to roots. Results indicated that nutrient concentrations on the basis of ash-free weight of root samples approached true nutrient concentrations of roots when the quality of soil adhering to roots was small, and the nutrient concentration of soil was much lower than the roots. Estimates of true nutrient concentrations of roots calculated from the information on the weight of soil adhering to roots and the nutrient concentration of the soil were satisfactory in the prediction of nutrient content of roots for a range of soil-contamination. The factor which accounted for contamination, and helped estimation of true concentrations from measured concentrations, depended on the magnitude of soil contamination and the relative concentrations of nutrients in roots and soil. Wet separation (washing) of roots from soil compared with dry separation resulted in 24% loss of K. With various methods of storage of washed root samples, the level of soil contamination was 5-20% of the root sample. Submergence of roots in water for 15 days after washing reduced the concentration of N, P and K in roots to 84, 50 and 54% of those roots which were dried immediately following washing. The rate of nutrient loss from roots was greater for K than for N and P when washed samples were stored submerged. On the basis of this study, it is recommended that roots, after separation from soil, should be dried as soon as possible with a minimum exposure of roots to wet conditions. Estimates of soil adhering to roots, and nutrient concentration of the adhering soil, are required to infer correct concentrations of nutrients in root samples.

scholarly journals Yield and Mineral Content of Hydroponically Grown Mini-Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as Affected by Reduced Nutrient Concentration and Foliar Fertilizer Application

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 1728-1733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin M. Maboko ◽  
Christian Phillipus Du Plooy ◽  
Silence Chiloane
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Foliar Fertilizer ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Hydroponically Grown

Nutrient application is one of the major inputs required for hydroponic production of cucumbers. Reduced nutrient solution concentration with supplementary foliar fertilizer application may maintain yield and quality of mini-cucumber, while decreasing the production costs. An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of foliar fertilizer in combination with reduced nutrient concentrations on the yield and quality of hydroponically grown mini-cucumber in a plastic tunnel. Mini-cucumber plants were grown in sawdust, fertigated with nutrient solutions containing 100% (control), 75%, 50%, or 25% of the recommended nutrient concentration (NC) and two foliar fertilizer applications (no foliar and foliar application). The highest fresh and dry weight of mini-cucumber plants were obtained with 75% and 100% NC and decreased with 50% to 25% NC application. The number of marketable fruit and marketable yield on mini-cucumbers increased with 75% to 100% NC, followed by 50% NC, as compared with 25% NC. Deformed fruit were significantly lower at 25% NC than at 50%, 75%, and 100% NC. Foliar fertilizer application did not have an effect on mini-cucumber yield, but reduced the yellowing of fruit. Fruit mineral content (P, Fe, and Mn) was significantly improved by 100% NC. Improvement in yield at 75% and 100% NC was as a result of improved plant height, leaf chlorophyll content, plant fresh and dry weight, and the increase in nutrient uptake of N, P, K, and Mn, which was evident in the analysis of cucumber leaves. The reduced NC of 75% can maintain yield and quality of mini-cucumbers, whereas the application of foliar fertilizer had a limited effect.

Fertiliser use efficiency by containerised nursery plants. 3. Effect of heavy leaching and damaged fertiliser prills on plant growth, nutrient uptake, and nutrient loss

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 217 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. O. Huett ◽  
S. C. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Nutrient Leaching ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Leaching Loss ◽  
Nutrient Amendment

Nutrient leaching loss, plant growth, and nutrient uptake of 4-week (transplanting to sale) ground-cover species were investigated under a range of leaching conditions and with different sources of a controlled- release fertiliser (CRF), Osmocote NPK (3–4 month) (Osm). Osm was applied pre-planting at a rate equivalent to 800 g N/m3 to pots containing sand, and composted pinebark and hardwood sawdust medium that had received nutrient amendment during formulation. Two experiments were conducted in a glasshouse over summer–autumn where irrigation treatments produced defined leachate volumes. In Expt 1, leachate volumes of <5, 50, and 200 mL every 2 days each received an additional single heavy leaching event of 400 mL after 1, 2, or 3 weeks. In Expt 2, the 3 leachate volumes were each fertilised with new Osm (a newly purchased Osm) or old Osm (a 2-year-old source), where both of these sources contained 0.5–1.5% visibly damaged prills; and damaged Osm, where damaged prills were used exclusively. In both experiments, increasing leachate volume increased (P < 0.001) leaching of N (nitrate + ammonium), P, K, Ca, and Mg. In Expt 1, leaching was highest (P < 0.01) when the heavy leaching event occurred after 2 or 3 weeks for N and after 2 weeks for P. When damaged Osm was used, N, P, and K loss was 3–15 times higher (P < 0.001) than from new and old Osm (98.5–99.5% undamaged). The highest leaching loss of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg occurred in the first week after potting up, with damaged prills at highest leaching volume. Increasing leachate volume (in the presence of a heavy leaching event) reduced (P < 0.001) electrical conductivity (EC) of potting medium after 4 weeks from 1.02 to 0.54 dS/m. Damaged prills reduced (P < 0.001) EC at the high leachate volume in relation to new Osm (2.38 v. 0.29 dS/m). Treatments that increased (P < 0.05) nutrient leaching generally reduced (P < 0.05) nutrient concentrations in shoots and depressed the growth of some plant species. Shoot growth of 2 of 5 species was reduced (P < 0.001) at the highest leachate volume with an additional heavy leaching event in Week 1 or 2, and root growth of all but the slowest growing species declined with increasing leachate volume. Damaged prills reduced (P < 0.001) shoot growth of 2 of the 5 ground-cover species. This study demonstrated that excessive leaching and the use of damaged prills for containerised nursery plants fertilised with CRF results in high nutrient loss, low residual nutrient content, reduced nutrient uptake in shoots, and reduced shoot growth of some species.

Determination of some physicochemical parameteres and inorganic nutrient content of Gediz River (Manisa)

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuğba Şentürk ◽  
Şükran Yıldız
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Western Turkey ◽  
River Water Samples ◽  
Gediz River

AbstractObjective: This present investigation aimed at assessing the water quality of the Gediz River located in western Turkey.Methods: Some physicochemical parameters and nutrient concentrations of the surface water of Gediz River were determined over a period of twelve months (October to September 2012) at 5 sampling sites along the river.Results: Data on some ions namely NHConclusion: This indicates pollution of the river water samples from the areas studied. Our findings highlighted the deterioration of water quality of the river due to anthropogenic and agriculturel activities.

Feeding preferences of herbivores in a relatively pristine subtropical seagrass ecosystem

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek A. Burkholder ◽  
Michael R. Heithaus ◽  
James W. Fourqurean
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Shark Bay ◽  
Foraging Preferences ◽  
Seagrass Ecosystem ◽  
Fish Grazing ◽  
Nutrient Analyses ◽  
Slow Growing

Understanding forage choice of herbivores is important for predicting the potential impacts of changes in their abundance. Such studies, however, are rare in ecosystems with intact populations of both megagrazers (sirenians, sea turtles) and fish grazers. We used feeding assays and nutrient analyses of seagrasses to determine whether forage choice of grazers in Shark Bay, Australia, are influenced by the quality of seagrasses. We found significant interspecific variation in removal rates of seagrasses across three habitats (shallow seagrass bank interior, shallow seagrass bank edge, deep), but we did not detect variation in gazing intensity among habitats. In general, grazers were more likely to consume fast-growing species with lower carbon : nitrogen (C : N) and carbon : phosphorus (C : P) ratios, than the slower-growing species that are dominant in the bay. Grazer choices were not, however, correlated with nutrient content within the tropical seagrasses. Slow-growing temperate seagrasses that experienced lower herbivory provide greater habitat value as a refuge for fishes and may facilitate fish grazing on tropical species. Further studies are needed, however, to more fully resolve the factors influencing grazer foraging preferences and the possibility that grazers mediate indirect interactions among seagrass species.

scholarly journals Removing Harvest Residues from Hardwood Stands Affects Tree Growth, Wood Density and Stem Wood Nutrient Concentration in European Beech (Fagus Sylvatica) and Oak (Quercus spp.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjoy Roy ◽  
Jean-Michel Leban ◽  
Bernd Zeller ◽  
Gregory Van-Der-Heijden ◽  
Arnaud Reichard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Harvest Residues ◽  
Stem Wood ◽  
Tree Nutrition ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Increased exportation of harvest residues from forests, to mitigate excessive demand for woody biomass, have reportedly diminished soil mineral resources and may lead to degraded tree nutrition and tree growth. However, as nutrients become less available in the soil, the remobilization of nutrients in biomass tissues (plant internal cycling) helps sustain tree nutrition. Our study aims to quantify the impact of Removing Harvest Residues and Litter (RHRL) during five years on tree growth, wood density and stem wood nutrient concentrations in young beech and oak forest stands.Result: Our study found that, RHRL significantly decreased the tree growth ring width, by 14%, and wood density, by 3%, in beech trees, in the near bark rings. RHRL also significantly reduced the nutrient concentration in the near bark and near pith area of both species. Mg, Na and S were found lower by 44%, 76% and 56%, respectively, in the near bark area of beech trees, and K, Ca, Mg, Na, S and Fe were lower by 20%, 25%, 41%, 48%, 41% and 16%, respectively, in the near bark area of oak trees. K and Mg concentrations decreased more strongly in the near pith area compared to the near bark area suggesting internal translocation of these two elements. Conclusion: In beech trees, wood density proved to be an important factor while quantifying the effect of removing harvest residuals on the tree growth and biomass. Soil nutrient loss intensified the remobilization of nutrients contained in older tree rings (close to the pith) towards newly formed rings (close to bark). In our study, in beech trees, K was found to be the most recycled major nutrient. These results demonstrate the potential of such analysis for providing valuable insight into the effect of RHRL in premature stands on the physiological adaptive strategies of trees and an indication of soil fertility and acidity status.

NUTRIENT LOSSES THROUGH TILE DRAINS UNDER THREE CROPPING SYSTEMS AND TWO FERTILITY LEVELS ON A BROOKSTON CLAY SOIL

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. F. BOLTON ◽  
J. W. AYLESWORTH ◽  
F. R. HORE
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Tile Drainage ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Plant Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
Tile Drains ◽  
Predominant Factor

Plant nutrient losses were measured in tile drainage effluent from three cropping systems on a Brookston clay soil over a 7-year period. Highest losses of N, P and K occurred with corn and lowest with bluegrass sod. Additions of N-P-K increased average losses of N, P, K, Ca and Mg. Nutrient concentration in drainage effluent varied with season with N, P, K and Ca concentration tending to be lower in the spring. The amount of water that flowed through the soil of a particular cropping system was the predominant factor influencing nutrient loss.

scholarly journals Effects of Gamma Irradiation of Egg Cells on Macro and Micro Nutrients Composition of the Edible Larval Stage of Cirina Forda (Lepidoptera: Saturnidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Cirina Forda ◽  
Nutrient Analyses ◽  
Promising Source

The need for diversification of cost-effective enrichment of human diets with macro and micro-nutrients has assumed global concerns. To this end, entomophagy has been advocated as a promising source of these nutrients but such must be predicated on the on optimization of nutritional quality of the selected insect candidates, and that informed this study. To achieve this, freshly laid eggs of Cirina forda exposed to a range of Gamma irradiation doses (0, 10, 20 and 50Gy) and subsequently raised through the edible larval stage on Vitellaria paradoxa plant’s leaves. Proximate, mineral and micro-nutrient analyses of the irradiated matured C.forda larvae were carried out following standard biochemical procedures. The results of proximate analysis showed that egg exposure to Gamma irradiation significantly (P<0.05) increased dry matter and carbohydrate contents, at doses of 20Gy and 50Gy, respectively (41.43±0.01 and 21.50±0.14%, respectively), the amount of crude protein, crude fibre and ash reduced slightly in the C.forda larvae, with exposure to increasing dose of gamma irradiation (from 54.82±0.12 to 50.32±0.09, 3.93±0.11 to 0.05±0.04 and 8.50±0.07 to 6.38±0.11, respectively). The mineral analysis indicated that while, the amounts of Ca and Mn attained significant peaks in larvae whose eggs were exposed to irradiation doses of 50Gy and 10Gy, respectively (36.03±0.01 and 8.27±0.01%, respectively), Gamma irradiation significantly reduced the concentration of Mg, K, and Fe in the insects. The micro-nutrient content of the C.forda was denominated by Leucine, Arginine and Phenylalanine, with highest concentration of 7.20±0.01, 6.86±0.01 and 5.41±0.01%, respectively, and were not significantly (p<0.05) affected by gamma irradiation. These results suggest that gamma irradiation is promising in improving certain nutrition contents of C.forda and may exert a mitigating effect on anti-feedants inherent in the insect species, which need to be investigated urgently

scholarly journals Influence of Reservoirs on the Concentration of Nutrients in the Water of Mountain Rivers

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Kijowska-Strugała ◽  
Łukasz Wiejaczka ◽  
Rafał Kozłowski
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Mountain Rivers ◽  
Storage Reservoirs ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The aim of the analysis was to demonstrate the role of reservoirs in shaping nutrient content (nitrates NO3- and phosphates PO43- as well as ammonia NH4+) in the waters of mountain rivers. Three Carpathian rivers with reservoirs in their courses were selected for the study: the Ropa River (Klimkowka reservoir), the Dunajec River (the Czorsztyn-Sromowce Wyzne reservoir complex) and the Raba River (Dobczyce reservoir). The basic criteria for the selection of the study objects for the investigation were: similar hydrological regime of the rivers and diverse parameters and functions of the storage reservoirs. The analysis of nutrient concentration was based on a long-term series of measurements (2004-2013). The reservoirs investigated generally contribute to an increase in nitrates in the rivers flowing below the reservoirs in particular months. The role of reservoirs in shaping phosphate and ammonia levels was not as evident as in the case of nitrates. The reservoirs are merely one of numerous factors that contribute to nutrient levels in the water of the mountains rivers. In the light of the analysis of nutrient concentrations in the surface water tested, it may be concluded that the reservoirs do not cause a clear and permanent deterioration of river water quality.

scholarly journals Persistence and Replacement of Preplant Fertilizers from Highly Leached Peat-based Root Media

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 763E-763
Author(s):  
John A. Biernbaum ◽  
William R. Argo ◽  
Brian Weesies ◽  
Allen Weesies ◽  
Karen Haack
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Lower Half ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Root Media ◽  
The Media ◽  
Saturated Media ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Soluble Fertilizer

A series of experiments was conducted to quantify the rate of nutrient loss from a container medium in a 15-cm-wide (1.3-liter) pot with a container capacity (CC) of 0.7 liter/pot under mist propagation and to determine the effectiveness of reapplying fertilizer to medium at 90% of CC with either top watering or subirrigation. Reducing the volume of water applied per day decreased the rate of nutrient leaching. Based on CC leached (CCL), the rate of nutrient loss was similar for all treatments. Differences in the rate of macronutrient removal from the media were measured, but, by 2 CCL, the concentration of all nutrients tested was below acceptable levels for the saturated media extract. With top watering, reapplying water-soluble fertilizer (WSF) at volumes under 0.2 liter/pot did not affect the nutrient concentration in the lower half of the pot at WSF concentrations up to 86 mol N/m3. Applying up to 0.8 liter/pot did increase nutrient concentrations in the lower half of the pot, but the media nutrient concentrations were lower than that of the applied WSF concentration. Applying WSF with subirrigation was limited by the moisture content of the media prior to the irrigation.

Contrasting patterns of nutrient dynamics during different storm events in a semi-arid catchment of northern China

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 2533-2540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinzhong Du ◽  
Xuyong Li ◽  
Shaonan Hao ◽  
Huiliang Wang ◽  
Xiao Shen
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Flow Discharge ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Moderate Storm

Nutrient discharge during storm events is a critical pathway for nutrient export in semi-arid catchments. We investigated nutrient dynamics during three summer storms characterized by different rainfall magnitude in 2012 in a semi-arid catchment of northern China. The results showed that, in response to storm events, nutrient dynamics displayed big variation in temporal trends of nutrient concentration and in nutrient concentration-flow discharge relationships. Nutrient concentrations had broader fluctuations during an extreme storm than during lesser storms, whereas the concentration ranges of the a moderate storm were no broader than those of a smaller one. The different concentration fluctuations were caused by storm magnitude and intensity coupled with the antecedent rainfall amount and cumulative nutrients. Correlation coefficients between nutrient concentrations and flow discharge varied from positive to negative for the three different events. There were no consistent hysteresis effects for the three different events, and no hysteresis effects were observed for any of the variables during the moderate storm (E2). Our findings provide useful information for better understanding nutrient loss mechanisms during storm events in semi-arid areas of a monsoon climate region.

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