An unusual case of winter bud damage in British Columbia interior conifers

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 1640-1647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart J. van der Kamp ◽  
John Worrall
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Unusual Case ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Short Stem ◽  
Unusual Form ◽  
Winter Snow ◽  
Cold Snap ◽  
Stem Segments

A widespread and unusual form of damage was suffered by most buds above the putative 1988–1989 winter snow line on Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco), Engelmann and white spruces (Piceaengelmannii Parry and P. glauca (Moench) Voss, respectively) and their hybrids, and subalpine and amabilis firs (Abieslasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. and A. amabilis (Dougl.) Forbes, respectively). By mid-June, on trees less than 30 years old, all tissues above the innermost bud scales, including the dome of the apical meristem, were dead, and a whorl of embryonic shoots arising from bud scale axils was developing. These shoots either produced a bud or developed into short stem segments during the 1989 growing season. The probable cause of the phenomenon was a warmer (1.0 to 3.6 °C above normal) October to December, and a very warm (2.9 to 4.7 °C above normal) January followed by a sudden cold snap with temperatures falling to −30 °C in early February.

Frost, canker, and dieback of Douglas-fir in the central interior of British Columbia

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard W. Reich ◽  
Bart J. van der Kamp
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Topographic Features ◽  
Canker Pathogens

The relationships between dieback severity of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco), growing-season frosts, and invasion by canker pathogens in plantations >10 years old in central British Columbia are described. The coincidence of frosts and dieback events was determined by dissection and by mapping dieback damage in arid around frost pockets. Putative canker pathogens were isolated from bark and fruiting bodies. The timing of significant dieback events coincided with major growing-season frosts, as determined by the formation of frost rings. Damage was most severe in shallow depressions and valley bottoms. Early flushing trees were more severely affected than late flushing trees in two of three plantations. Seven weak canker parasites were isolated from dead Douglas-fir bark. Among these, Sclerophomasemenospora Funk was restricted to tissues killed by frost or other factors, while Leucocytosporakunzei (Fr.:Fr.) Munk and a Sirodothis sp. accounted for about 65% of isolates from recently killed bark. Outside frost prone areas, these fungi were common as small latent branch cankers, but caused no further discernable damage. Areas of high dieback hazard could be identified from topographic features seen on aerial photographs. Of the area of Douglas-fir plantations >10 years old, 4.7% was severely damaged by dieback. It is recommended that lodgepole pine (Pinusconforta Dougl.) be planted in frost-prone areas.

scholarly journals Climate change and forest seed zones: Past trends, future prospects and challenges to ponder

2009 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan McKenney ◽  
John Pedlar ◽  
Greg O’Neill
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Climate Trends ◽  
Seed Zones ◽  
Key Words Climate Change ◽  
Season Extension ◽  
Growing Season Precipitation

Canada regenerates more than 400 000 ha of forest land annually through planting and seeding operations. Much of the stock for this effort is selected to be climatically suited to the planting site—a match that is often facilitated through the development of seed zones. However, if climate change proceeds as predicted, stock that is well matched under current climate will be growing in sub-optimal conditions within the next 20 to 50 years—in some parts of the country, trees may already be growing outside their optimal climates. To provide a sense of the magnitude of these changes, we present past and predicted future climate trends for Ontario and British Columbia seed zones. For Ontario, over the period 1950 to 2005, minimum temperature of the coldest month has already increased by up to 4.3°C, growing season has lengthened by up to 6 days, and precipitation during the growing season has increased by up to 26%. Changes were more pronounced across British Columbia’s Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) seed zones, with minimum temperature increasing by up to 8°C, a growing season extension of up to 30 days, and growing season precipitation increases of up to 40%. Projections for the end of the current century include: minimum temperature increase of 5°C to 10°C, growing season extension of 31 to 60 days, and growing season precipitation increases of 3% to 42% across the seed zones in both provinces. These changes are certain to have extensive impacts on forest ecosystems. We briefly discuss 3 forest management adaptation strategies intended to mitigate the negative impacts of climate change in Canada. Key words: climate change, seed zones, British Columbia, Ontario, Douglas-fir, seed transfer, assisted migration

Ectomycorrhizae of Douglas-fir and western hemlock seedlings outplanted on eastern Vancouver Island

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1646-1655 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.L. Roth ◽  
S.M. Berch
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Single Site ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Field Season ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Colonization

Ectomycorrhizal colonization of container-grown Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) and western hemlock (Tsugaheterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) seedlings was determined in a container nursery near Nanaimo, British Columbia, and after one growing season under a range of field conditions on eastern Vancouver Island. The percentage of Douglas-fir and western hemlock short roots colonized by ectomycorrhizal fungi in the nursery was highly variable, but over 99% of the ectomycorrhizae were formed by Thelephoraterrestris Ehrh.:Fr. Between 72 and 93% of the new roots were ectomycorrhizal after one field season, and Thelephoraterrestris remained the dominant fungus in most cases. Rhizopogonvinicolor like ectomycorrhizae were also common on new roots of Douglas-fir. Cenococcumgeophilum Fr. was less common. Douglas-fir seedlings formed 33 morphologically distinct ectomycorrhizae on eight sites within one growing season in the field. Western hemlock formed nine types on a single site.

scholarly journals Necrotic plaques in an elderly male

JRSM Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 205427042098145
Author(s):  
Bindi Gaglani ◽  
Ian Logan ◽  
Faris Kubba
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Genetic Predisposition ◽  
Unusual Case ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Elderly Male ◽  
Unusual Form ◽  
Underlying Diseases ◽  
Reactive Perforating Collagenosis ◽  
Giant Form

Reactive perforating collagenosis is commonly recognised as an unusual form of transepithelial elimination of collagen and elastin fibres which are extruded through the epidermis in patients with a genetic predisposition or underlying diseases, such as diabetes mellitus or renal diseases. We present the unusual case of an 87-year-old diabetic male with a giant form of reactive perforating collagenosis and review the available literature.

Cylindrocarpon and Fusarium root colonization of Douglas-fir seedlings from British Columbia reforestation sites

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 1198-1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paige E Axelrood ◽  
William K Chapman ◽  
Keith A Seifert ◽  
David B Trotter ◽  
Gwen Shrimpton
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Root Infection ◽  
Significant Linear Trend ◽  
Conifer Seedlings ◽  
Cylindrocarpon Destructans

Poor performance of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) plantations established in 1987 has occurred in southwestern British Columbia. Affected sites were planted with 1-year-old container stock that exhibited some root dieback in the nursery. A study was initiated in 1991 to assess Cylindrocarpon and Fusarium root infection in planted and naturally regenerating (natural) Douglas-fir seedlings from seven affected plantations. Percentages of seedlings harboring Cylindrocarpon spp.and percent root colonization were significantly greater for planted seedlings compared with natural seedlings. A significant linear trend in Cylindrocarpon root colonization was observed for planted seedlings with colonization levels being highest for roots closest to the remnants of the root plug and decreasing at distances greater than 10cm from that region. This trend in Cylindrocarpon colonization was not observed for natural seedlings. Cylindrocarpon destructans (Zins.) Scholten var. destructans and C.cylindroides Wollenw. var. cylindroides were the only species isolated from planted and natural conifer seedlings. For most sites, percentage of seedlings harboring Fusarium spp.and percent Fusarium root colonization were less than for Cylindrocarpon. Recovery of Fusarium spp.from seedlings and root colonization levels were not significantly different for planted and natural seedlings from all sites.

Bacterioplankton, Phytoplankton, and Zooplankton Communities in a British Columbia Coastal Lake Before and After Nutrient Reduction

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 1504-1514 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Joan Hardy ◽  
Ken S. Shortreed ◽  
John G. Stockner
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Nutrient Reduction ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Coastal Lake ◽  
Before And After ◽  
High Concentrations

Inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus were applied weekly during the growing season from 1980 to 1982 and twice weekly in 1983 to Hobiton Lake, a warm monomictic coastal lake in British Columbia. The lake was not fertilized in 1984. Average numbers of bacteria during the growing season decreased from a high of 1.53 × 106∙mL−1 in the fertilized condition to 0.84 × 106∙mL−1 in the unfertilized condition. Chlorophyll a concentrations decreased from a maximum seasonal average of 2.69 μg∙L−1 (1981) to 1.30 μg∙L−1 (1984), and algal numbers decreased from 5.83 × 104∙mL−1 (1983) to 2.29 × 104∙mL−1 (1984). Although the numbers of phytoplankton in each size fraction (picoplankton, nanoplankton, or microplankton) decreased in the unfertilized condition, the greatest change was an almost fourfold decrease in picoplankton, which consisted of 90% cyanobacteria (primarily Synechococcus spp.). Abundance of the large diatoms Rhizosolenia spp. and Melosira spp. increased in 1984, resulting in an increase in average seasonal algal volume. Average densities of medium (0.15–0.84 mm) and large (0.85–1.5 mm) zooplankton were greatest in 1982, while rotifers and small zooplankton (0.10–0.14 mm) were most dense in 1984 following nutrient reduction. The lake had relatively high concentrations of planktivorous juvenile sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) that appeared to minimize any direct effect of nutrient additions on zooplankton densities.

Contarinia pseudotsugae. [Distribution map].

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Distribution In Europe

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Contarinia pseudotsugae Condrashoff (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Hosts: Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Belgium, France, Germany and Netherlands) and North America (Canada, British Columbia, USA, California, Idaho, Michigan, Montana, Oregon, Pennsylvania and Washington).

Rhabdocline pseudotsugae. [Distribution map].

1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Irish Republic ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Distribution In Europe

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Rhabdocline pseudotsugae Syd. Hosts: Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Belgium, Britain, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France, Germany, Irish Republic, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Sweden, Switzerland, Yugoslavia, NORTH AMERICA, Canada (Alberta, British Columbia), USA.

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