The probability of root disease on the Lolo National Forest, Montana

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 987-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Byler ◽  
Michael A. Marsden ◽  
Susan K. Hagle
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Type ◽  
Root Disease ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Fire Control ◽  
Subalpine Fir ◽  
Type Series ◽  
Disease Mortality ◽  
Selective Harvest ◽  
Commercial Forest

Root disease killed trees in 33% of 579 stands on the Lolo National Forest, Montana. Of all the commercial forest land, 123 255 ha, or 18.8%, was diseased; 1.2% was in nonstocked patches. The statistical method CART (classification and regression trees) was used to construct a decision tree to place stands into one of four classes, based on the probability that the stands contained trees that were killed by root disease. High probabilities of root disease were found for stands in the western hemlock and grand fir habitat type series (0.59) and in other habitat types on moderate slopes with southerly aspects (0.48). Low probabilities of disease were found on non-hemlock and non grand fir types on northerly aspects (0.15) and southerly aspects that were on either flat or very rugged terrain (0.17). Both Phellinusweirii (Murr.) Gilb. and Armillaria sp., probably A. ostoyae (Romagna) Herick, were frequently associated with mortality in hemlock, grand fir, and cedar habitat type series. Only A. ostoyae was common on Douglas-fir and subalpine fir habitat type series, however. Selective harvest and fire control in these two classes may contribute to the extensive root disease mortality found in Lolo National Forest at present.

A system using aerial photography to estimate area of root disease centers in forests

1978 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph E. Williams ◽  
C. D. Leaphart
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Root Disease ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Coeur D'alene ◽  
Commercial Forest ◽  
Northern Idaho

The area of root disease centers on the Coeur d'Alene National Forest in northern Idaho was effectively estimated from large-scale color infrared aerial photographs. An estimated 5.1% (12 160.7 ha) of the commercial forest land was occupied by infection centers. Root disease centers were identified in 113 of 364 stands actually surveyed. Although most of these 113 stands were of the Tsugaheterophylla – Pachistimamyrsinites habitat type, the highest percentage of stands with root disease was found in the Abiesgrandis – Pachistimamyrsinites habitat type.Observations made during these studies suggest that occurrence of Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco, Abiesgrandis (Dougl.) Lindl., or both in a stand is the most important factor in the expression of root disease centers. Accuracy of interpretation of photographs was 92%; incorrect interpretations were consistently associated with stands in the Abieslasiocarpa series of habitat types or with stands stocked with conifers tolerant of root pathogens.

Using spatial and temporal patterns of Armillaria root disease to formulate management recommendations for Ontario's black spruce (Piceamariana) seed orchards

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.N. Bruhn ◽  
J.D. Mihail ◽  
T.R. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Root Disease ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Disease Mortality ◽  
Armillaria Root Disease ◽  
Management Recommendations ◽  
Logistic Functions

Between 1982 and 1989, 22 black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) BSP) seed orchards were established on cleared jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) forest land in northwest Ontario. These orchards were located on stressful sites for black spruce to hasten seed production. Mortality caused by Armillariaostoyae (Romagn.) Herink was observed in most of these orchards within 3 years of establishment. This study was initiated to quantitatively describe the temporal progress and spatial patterns of Armillaria root disease mortality in five representative orchards, to determine future operational management implications. In the four orchards where epidemics developed, temporal disease progress was nonlinear and was better described by the monomolecular function than by the Gompertz or logistic functions. Monomolecular rates of disease increase were 0.0062–0.0346. Applying these rates, we estimated that cumulative Armillaria root disease mortality will be 9–41% and 25–79%, at 20 and 50 years after planting, respectively. Armillaria root disease mortality was spatially aggregated in all four orchards. Trees adjacent to Armillaria-killed trees had an increased probability of mortality from Armillaria root disease. Successive epidemics may develop in these orchards; their timing and severity will be affected by orchard management practices. Measures of spruce family performance in these orchards are compromised by the aggregated distributions of different A. ostoyae genets and the root disease they cause.

Estimating root disease losses in northern Rocky Mountain national forests

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 652-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. James ◽  
C. A. Stewart ◽  
R. E. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Root Disease ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
National Forests ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Root Diseases ◽  
Commercial Forest

Root disease losses were estimated on more than 3 million hectares of commercial forest land within seven national forests in the northern Rocky Mountains. Area estimates were made for root disease centers on all seven forests and scattered tree mortality on three forests. Tree mortality rate and associated volume loss were estimated for two forests. Approximately 31 600 ha (about 1% of the total commercial forest land) were occupied by large active disease centers discernable from large-scale aerial photographs on these forests. About 13% of the commercial forest land of three forests contained scattered root disease mortality of at least 3 trees/ha. About 35% of the annual tree mortality was associated with root diseases on two forests. Major root pathogens found were Armillariamellea and Phellinusweirii; bark beetles often infested root-diseased trees. Recommendations for improvement of survey techniques are discussed.

scholarly journals Area-Wide Analysis of Hardwood Defoliator Effects on Tree Conditions in the Allegheny Plateau

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall S. Morin ◽  
Andrew M. Liebhold ◽  
Kurt W. Gottschalk
Keyword(s):  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Forest Health ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Usda Forest Service ◽  
Forest Inventory And Analysis ◽  
Allegheny Plateau ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Crown Dieback

Abstract The effects of defoliation caused by three foliage feeding insects, the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar), the cherry scallopshell moth (Hydria prunivorata), and the elm spanworm (Ennomos subsignarius), on tree mortality and crown conditions were evaluated using data collected from 1984 to 1999 in the Allegheny National Forest located in northwestern Pennsylvania. While previous studies have focused on the effects of defoliation on trees in individual stands, this study differed in that it used exhaustive maps of defoliation and an areawide network of plots to assess these effects. A geographic information system was used to map the coincidence of USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis and Forest Health Monitoring plot locations with defoliation polygons derived from aerial surveys to calculate cumulative years of defoliation for each pest. Over 85% of the Allegheny National Forest land area was defoliated at least once during the 16-year period from 1984 to 1999. Frequency of defoliation by specific defoliator species was closely associated with the dominance of their primary hosts in stands. Frequency of defoliation was often associated with crown dieback and mortality, but these relationships were not detectable in all species. These results suggest that when impacts are averaged over large areas (such as in this study) effects of defoliation are likely to be considerably less severe than when measured in selected stands (as is the approach taken in most previous impact studies).

scholarly journals A brief history of wood use and forest management in Alaska

1996 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tricia L. Wurtz ◽  
Anthony F. Gasbarro
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Alaska Native ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
National Interest ◽  
National Forests ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Gold Miners ◽  
Commercial Forest

The Native peoples of Alaska used wood for fuel, for the construction of shelters, and for a variety of implements. Explorers, fur traders, gold miners, and settlers also relied on Alaska's forest resource. The early 20th century saw the creation of the Tongass and Chugach National Forests in coastal Alaska, where large-scale harvesting began shortly after World War II. By 1955, two 50-year contracts had been signed, committing 13 billion board feet of sawlogs and pulpwood. The commercial forest land base in Alaska has been dramatically reduced by a variety of legislative acts, including the Statehood Act of 1959 and the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act of 1980. Key words: forest history, Alaska, aboriginal use of forests, fuelwood, stemwheeled riverboats, gold mining, land classification, National Forests, Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act, Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act

Ponderosa Pine Habitat Types as an Indicator of Site Quality in the Dixie National Forest, Utah

1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Verbyla ◽  
Richard F. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Site Quality ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Quercus Gambelii ◽  
Generally True

Abstract Forest habitat types have been purported to be useful indicators of site quality. This is generally true for habitat types with different dominant tree species. However, few have studied the site indicator value of habitat types with the same dominant tree species. We measured site index (base age 25) from 172 randomly selected plots within the ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) zone of the Dixie National Forest, Utah. The range of site index within any one habitat type was broad. Poor sites occurred on all five habitat types. However, the best sites occurred only on the Pinus ponderosa/Symphoricarpos oreophilus and Pinus ponderosa/Quercus gambelii habitat types. Therefore, habitat type may be useful in predicting the best sites, but only if other site information is used in addition to habitat type. West. J. Appl. For. 4(2):52-54, April 1989.

scholarly journals Armillaria Root Disease Inoculum Remaining in Young Ontario Conifer Plantations Following Root Raking or Madge Rotoclearing

1998 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 191-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann N. Bruhn ◽  
Jeanne D. Mihail ◽  
Timothy R. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Woody Debris ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Root Disease ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Fallow Period ◽  
Disease Mortality ◽  
Lethal Infection ◽  
Woody Root ◽  
Armillaria Root Disease ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Abstract Armillaria ostoyae causes a destructive root disease in northern conifers. Most infections result from root invasions by rhizomorphs growing through the soil from previously colonized stump and woody root debris. Armillaria longevity in woody debris is related to the colonized volume. Stump and root removal by root raking alone often does not satisfactorily reduce subsequent root disease mortality. This investigation characterized residual woody debris volumes in three conifer seed orchards in northern Ontario. Site preparation for stump and root removal in two of the orchards consisted of root raking alone, vs. Madge Rotoclear™ treatment ("rotoclearing") in the third orchard. Fallow periods between site preparation and planting were 1, 5, and 8 yr in the three orchards, respectively. Mortality related to colonized residual woody debris is continuing in the raked orchards, but appears to have ended in the rotocleared orchard. Root systems of 32 orchard trees recently killed by Armillaria root disease and 9 apparently healthy (otherwise comparable) trees were excavated. Regardless of site preparation method, Armillaria-killed trees were associated with greater total volumes of residual woody debris (comprising larger pieces on average) than were healthy trees. Also, healthy trees in the rotocleared orchard were associated with smaller debris pieces on average than were healthy trees in the root-raked orchard. Size of individual woody debris pieces which contained viable A. ostoyae was highly variable. Even small pieces of colonized debris close to a root crown were apparently capable of causing lethal infection. Nevertheless, compared to root raking, rotoclearing apparently breaks A. ostoyae-colonized woody debris into smaller pieces resulting in more rapid displacement of A. ostoyae. We conclude that rotoclearing followed by a fallow period of 8 yr before planting merits consideration as an inoculum reduction treatment for site preparation. A 10 yr fallow period might have prevented nearly all root disease mortality under the conditions of this study. North. J. Appl. For. 15(4):191-196.

scholarly journals Faktor Pendung dan Peran Brigade Pengendalian Kebakaran Hutan pada Balai Taman Nasional bukit Way Kambas

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Sukarman Sukarman
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fire ◽  
National Park ◽  
Fire Prevention ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Spearman Correlation ◽  
Fire Control ◽  
Forest Fire Prevention ◽  
Correlation Result ◽  
Way Kambas National Park ◽  
Habitat Damage

During the last 20 years, Way Kambas National Park’s area has experienced of the habitat damage, is among other things caused by a forest fire and to be triggered do not only natural faktor but also effect of is act human being. Role and also worker very needed to take care of and look after Way Kambas National Forest. Objective of this research is to learn the relation between supplementary faktors and roles of brigade of forest fire to forest fire prevention at Way Kambas National Park. Population as well as samples were 41 peoples. Data was analyzed by rank Spearman correlation. Result of research showed that the role and also in contribution of activity of forest fire control was at moderate category and no significance result on correlation between supplementary faktors and roles of brigade of forest fire.Key Word: role, forest fire, national park, brigade.

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