Effect of applied growth regulators and cultural treatments on flowering and shoot growth of Pinustabulaeformis

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 679-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuxing Sheng ◽  
Shasheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Vegetative Shoot ◽  
Female Cone ◽  
Male Cone ◽  
Female Flowering ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Stem Girdling ◽  
Hormonal Treatments

Fourteen treatments expected to promote and regulate flowering were administered to 7-year-old seedlings of Chinese pine (Pinustabulaeformis Carr.), and three were administered to 11-year-old grafted propagules. The cultural treatments, including root pruning, stem girdling, polyethylene mulching, and injection of gibberellin A3 (GA3) significantly increased male cone bud production of the young seedlings. For female flowering, however, only GA4 injection, alone and in combination with root pruning, had a statistically significant positive effect. N6-benzyladenine (BA) injection significantly decreased both male and female cone-bud production. There was no synergistic effect between the cultural and the hormonal treatments on flowering of the seedlings. Treatments with naphthaleneacetic acid dramatically enhanced male cone bud production of the grafted propagules, but did so at the expense of female cone bud production. The hormonal treatments (GA3, GA4, and BA injection) all promoted vegetative shoot growth of the treated seedlings. The cultural treatments generally inhibited shoot length growth and had no significant effect on diameter growth.

Floral response of Piceaglauca to gibberellin A4/7, napthaleneacetic acid, root-pruning, and biennial treatment

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 743-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Marquard ◽  
James W. Hanover
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Female Cone ◽  
Cone Production ◽  
Napthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Terminal Shoot ◽  
And Control ◽  
Male Strobili

The floral response of 6-year-old seedling white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss.) was evaluated after treatment in 1981 with the gibberellin mixture of A4 and A7 (GA4/7), napthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and root-pruning. To evaluate the effectiveness of biennial treatment, trees treated in 1981 were again treated in 1983 and compared with a second group of trees treated only in 1983. Trees treated in 1981 with 500 mg•L−1 GA4/7 plus 25 mg•L−1 NAA and root-pruning averaged 42 female strobili per tree and control trees remained vegetative. Root-pruning significantly reduced terminal shoot growth and shoot water potential. No male strobili were produced on study trees. Trees treated in 1981 and again in 1983 were as productive (based on female counts) as trees treated only in 1983. Two treatments in 1983 significantly enhanced female strobilus production over the control: (i) 500 mg•L−1 GA4/7 alone and (ii) 250 mg•L−1 GA4/7 plus root-pruning. These treatments averaged 150 and 192 female strobili per tree, respectively; control trees averaged 30. Biennial treatment with GA4/7 and root-pruning can effectively continue to increase female cone production of white spruce.

Interaction between gibberellin A4/7 and root-pruning on the reproductive and vegetative process in Douglas-fir. II. Effects on shoot elongation and its relationship to flowering

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 348-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Webber ◽  
S. D. Ross ◽  
R. P. Pharis ◽  
J. N. Owens
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Threshold Concentration ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Flowering Response ◽  
Seed Cone ◽  
Female Flowering

Shoot elongation and female flowering response were assessed for gibberellin A4/7 (GA4/7) and root-pruning (RP) treatments in 9- and 10-year-old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings of families with good- and poor-flowering histories. In families with a poor-flowering history, stem injections of GA4/7 significantly enhanced elongation of third-whorl terminal shoots but produced no flowering response. In families with a good-flowering history, GA4/7 treatment had no effect on shoot elongation but did result in a significant increase in seed-cone buds. In contrast, root-pruning significantly retarded shoot growth in families with both good- and poor-flowering histories and was also the single most effective treatment for enhancing flowering. Combined, GA4/7 plus RP had a synergistic effect on flowering and GA4/7 partially overcame the inhibition of shoot growth caused by RP alone. These results are consistent with a hypothesis that exogenous and endogenous gibberellins are used preferentially for vegetative growth processes, with increased flowering occurring only after a threshold concentration of effector gibberellins is reached.

Stimulation of flowering by grafted black spruce and white spruce: a comparative study of the effects of gibberellin A4/7, cultural treatments, and environment

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Greenwood ◽  
Gregory W. Adams ◽  
Michele Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Female Cone ◽  
Growth Cycles ◽  
Female Flowering ◽  
Chilling Treatment ◽  
Stimulation Of

Flower stimulation treatments, including gibberellin A4/7 (GA4/7) application, root-pruning, and greenhouse environment during the latter part of shoot elongation, were applied to grafted, clonal black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) and white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) of roughly the same size and age. In addition, the size of pot-grown ramets of both species was increased by inducing additional growth cycles by several applications of a chilling treatment followed by an 18-h photoperiod in a heated greenhouse. This treatment doubled the height growth of both species over a 2-year period, and female cone bud production was promoted by GA4/7. GA4/7 also promoted female flowering on field-grown material, but root-pruning had little effect; black spruce was more responsive to GA4/7 (10× increase) than white spruce (3× increase). Male flowering in black spruce was consistently, and sometimes significantly, inhibited by GA4/7, but was promoted in white spruce. In the latter case the response was not statistically significant. In contrast, male flowering was increased in potted trees of both species by allowing shoots to elongate 50–75% outdoors, after which the trees were moved into a greenhouse.

scholarly journals NAA Reduces Vegetative Shoot Growth on Rootstocks of Ornamental Peach

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 163-166
Author(s):  
Donna C. Fare ◽  
Gary J. Keever ◽  
Mark Halcomb
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Vegetative Shoot ◽  
Bud Growth ◽  
Vegetative Bud

Abstract Vegetative bud growth was controlled on dormant peach rootstock of budded Prunus persica (L.) Batsch. ‘Bon Fire’ with naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) applied as a trunk paint. Vegetative bud growth was suppressed with all test concentrations (2,875 to 11,500 ppm) through 210 days after treatment (DAT), although scion bud mortality of ‘Bon Fire’ was greater with concentrations above 8,625 ppm. Naphthaleneacetic acid applied at 5,750 ppm provided excellent vegetative bud control, vigorous scion bud growth, and minimal scion bud mortality.

Effect of coppicing on root system morphology and its significance for subsequent shoot regeneration of birches

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1870-1878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katri Paukkonen ◽  
Anneli Kauppi
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Stem Cutting ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Seed Origin ◽  
Positive Effect

The growth of the root system after stem cutting and the effects of the root system and its size on the regeneration of stem are poorly known. These aspects were here investigated in 8-year-old silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) and common white birch (B. pubescens Ehrh.) growing in the field. One eighth of the root systems of birches of both sprout and seed origins were excavated for morphometric analysis. Seven years after the first cutting, fresh mass, length, and diameter of the roots of sprout-origin B. pendula were smaller than those of seed-origin ones. After the cutting of the experimental season, the root system did not develop new structural root tips. When both root pruning and stem cutting were performed, stumps sprouted well by July, but the number of sprouts decreased clearly by August. The positive effect of stem cutting on sprouting disappears in a few years in these species. As the size of the root system does not clearly influence the growth of sprouts, the competition of root systems of adjacent trees does not restrict the shoot growth of birch plants at least in planted birches up to about 10 years of age.

Selectivity of auxin for induction and growth of callus from excised embryo of spring and winter wheat

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 1393-1397 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Zhou ◽  
T. T. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Methoxybenzoic Acid

The callus-promoting activity of most commonly known as well as some rarely tested auxins was compared with that of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) for in vitro culture of the excised embryo of spring and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), cv. Chinese Spring and cv. Fredrick. Different auxins in a concentration range from 1 to 50 μM showed widely different activities. Also the two wheat cultivars responded differently to the auxins. When rapid callus formation with limited root growth was used as the basis for comparison, 2-(2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxy)propionic acid (2-MCPP), α-naphthaleneacetic acid, 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (dicamba), 4-amino-3,5,6,trichloropicolinic acid (picloram), γ-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid, 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxypropionic acid, in the order of effectiveness, were superior to 2,4,-D for callus induction from the embryo of 'Chinese Spring,' although the concentration required was higher than that of 2,4-D. For the winter wheat 'Fredrick,' however, only picloram, dicamba, and 2-MCPP performed as well as 2,4-D. All auxins tested promoted shoot growth; 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxypropionic acid was most effective for 'Chinese Spring,' whereas picloram was most effective for 'Fredrick.'

scholarly journals Studies on the Pollination Characteristics and Pollination Level of Chinese fir Seed Orchard

2004 ◽  
Vol 53 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 7-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Zhuowen
Keyword(s):  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Chinese Fir ◽  
Female Cone ◽  
Bottom Part ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Male Cone

Abstract Data from three seed orchards (Chongyang, Zhangle and Laoshan) and Lintian forest were used to study pollination characteristics, pollination level, pollen and ovule production in Chinese fir. The results show that male and female cones have their own distribution patterns within crowns. Male cones are located in the middle to top and female cones the middle to bottom part of the crown. Because of lower density of trees in seed orchard than that in a stand, female cones are distributed over the entire crown in seed orchard trees. Chinese fir male and female cones appear to be very well adapted for wind as the pollination mechanism. There is no difference in the number of pollen grains produced by one pollen sac among trees in the same clone, but there are differences between clones. There are differences between both clones and years in female cone number, male cone number and their ratio. The pollen accumulation rate during pollination should be 3 to 5 pollen grains/mm2 to ensure fertilization. The Chinese fir seed orchards in this study produced too much pollen and could be improved by stimulation of more female flowers in order to produce more seeds.

scholarly journals In vitro study of Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers (Menispermaceae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 103-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditi Singh ◽  
Saroj K Sah ◽  
Aunji Pradhan ◽  
Sabari Rajbahak ◽  
Niran Maharajan
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Nodal Segments ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Nodal Segment ◽  
Root Induction ◽  
Ms Medium

In vitro study was carried out in an important medicinal plant Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers belonging to the family: Menispermaceae. Vegetative parts such as stem, leaf and nodal explants were excised from an elite in vivo grown mature plant and thereafter cultured on Murashige-Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different hormonal concentrations for callus induction and organogenesis. Callus formation occurred from nodal segments, leaf and inter-node explants when planted on different combinations of hormones. Tinospora cordifolia showed response for in vitro shoot growth from the nodal segment. The best shoot growth was observed on MS medium supplemented with kinetin (1.5 mg/l). Similarly, the best result for root induction was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (1.0 mg/l) and naphthaleneacetic acid (2.5 mg/l). Key-words: callus induction; explants; medicinal plant; MS medium; tissue culture.DOI: 10.3126/botor.v6i0.2918 Botanica Orientalis - Journal of Plant Science (2009) 6: 103-105

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