Factors influencing the induction of embryogenic and caulogenic callus from embryos of Piceaglauca and P. engelmanii

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 1303-1308 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. Webb ◽  
F. Webster ◽  
B. S. Flinn ◽  
D. R. Roberts ◽  
D. D. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Callus Induction ◽  
Embryogenic Callus ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Callus Line ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Embryogenic Callus Induction ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Callus Lines ◽  
Embryogenic Lines

Zygotic embryos of Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss from five half-sib seed families and P. engelmanii Parry from one half-sib family, collected on July 13 and 27 and August 24, were cultured in the presence of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, N6-benzyladenine, and sucrose ranging from 0.5 to 4% for the induction of embryogenic callus and the production of stable embryogenic callus lines. Embryogenic callus was induced from all three collections with all seedlots. The July 13 collection was two to four times more embryogenic than the later collections. Embryogenic callus was induced at all sucrose levels, but 4% sucrose was clearly inferior, whereas 1% was best overall. Factors that favored the induction of embryogenic callus also favored the production of stable embryogenic callus lines. There was a 40% decline in callus line establishment compared with embryogenic callus induction and some seed lots failed to yield embryogenic lines from the two later collections. The formation of caulogenic callus was promoted at 3 and 4% sucrose. Embryos from the August 24 collection were more caulogenic than those from the earlier collections.

scholarly journals Embryogenic Callus Induction of Aquilaira Malaccensis Lam. and Aquilaria Subintegra Ding Hou

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 5746-5751
Keyword(s):  
Callus Induction ◽  
Embryogenic Callus ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Aseptic Culture ◽  
Aquilaria Malaccensis ◽  
The Family ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Embryogenic Callus Induction ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Aquilaria malaccensis Lam. and Aquilaria subintegra Ding Hou belong to the family of Thymelaeaceae which is commonly known as gaharu or agarwood. It is a commercially important tree and identified as a potential aromatic plant. The overwhelming responses in the lodging sector reduce gaharu species in the forest. Mass propagation through plant tissue culture technology will substitute this problem. The present study was conducted to investigate the embryogenic callus induction between these two species. The most optimum sterilization method for both species was sodium hypochlorite 5.0% which gave the highest percentage of aseptic culture (95%) with the absence of tissue browning. The leaves of both species were cultured on Murashige and Skoog, (1962) (MS) media supplemented with combination of various concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 2.5 mg/L) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg/L) and kept under dark condition. The explants produced embryogenic, white and compact callus at the end cut of the explants after two weeks of culture in all treatments. The highest frequency of embryogenic callus formation was observed in explants cultured on 2.0 mg/L BAP and 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D for both species. From the present study, the optimum sterilization technique and embryogenic callus induction for A. malaccensis Lam. and A. subintegra were established.

Embryogenic Callus Induction and Plant Regeneration in Triticum tauschii, the Diploid D-Genome Donor for Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 489 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Afsharsterle ◽  
ECK Pang ◽  
JS Brown ◽  
JF Kollmorgen
Keyword(s):  
Callus Induction ◽  
Embryogenic Callus ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Embryogenic Calli ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Triticum Tauschii ◽  
Embryogenic Callus Induction ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Immature embryos of seven accessions of Triticum tauschii (Coss.) Schmal. were used to produce embryogenic callus suitable for initiation of suspension cultures. Several modifications of Murashige and Skoog basal medium (MS) were evaluated for callus induction from scutellar tissues of embryos. Nodular, embryogenic calli were induced from all accessions when MS medium was supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and a mixture of L-glutamine, L-asparagine and L-proline. Early differentiation of these embryogenic calli was overcome by substituting Dicamba for 2,4-D. Addition of 575 mg L-1 of L-proline gave a rapid increase in the production of nodular embryogenic callus in most of the accessions. Using this protocol, the embryogenic capacity of this type of callus was maintained for more than a year following further modification of the MS medium. A clear genotype dependency as well as media effects on the production of callus were observed.

scholarly journals Embryogenic callus induction from immature zygotic embryos and genetic transformation of Larix kaempferi 3x Larix gmelinii 9

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0258654
Author(s):  
Sufang Zhang ◽  
Shanshan Yan ◽  
Peiqi An ◽  
Qing Cao ◽  
Chen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Genetic Transformation ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Embryogenic Callus ◽  
Transformation Method ◽  
Larix Gmelinii ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Larix Kaempferi ◽  
Transformation Rate ◽  
Embryogenic Callus Induction

To date, there are few reports of the successful genetic transformation of larch and other conifers, mainly because it is difficult to transform and integrate exogenous genes. In this study, hybrid larch Larix kaempferi 3x Larix gmelinii 9 cones were collected on June 27, July 1, July 4, July 7 and July 16, 2017. Embryogenic callus induction was studied using a combination of different plant growth regulators and concentrations. The results showed that July 1 was the best stage; the highest induction rate was 10.83%, which cultured in BM medium (Button medium, which formula was listed in S1 Table) with 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and 0.2 mg/L KT(kinetin). When cultured on a proliferation medium for 12 days, proliferation was the fastest, reaching 323.08%, which could also maintain the freshness and vitality. The suitable pre-culture medium for somatic embryogenesis was 1/4 BM medium containing 10 g/L inositol and 60 g/L sucrose. The combination of 45 mg/L ABA (abscisic acid) and 75 g/L PEG4000 (Polyethyene glycol 4000) could promote the number of somatic embryos, and reached the maximum, 210 140 per 1 g FW. The genetic transformation was carried out by the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method with embryogenic callus cultured for 12 days. The results showed the optimal OD600 of the infection solution(suspension of A. tumefaciens) was 0.5, co-culture time was 2 days, and screening concentration of Hyg (hygromycin B) was 4 mg/L. In this study, the transformation rate of resistance callus was 32.1%. It provides a reference for low genetic transformation efficiency of larch at present. This study could be beneficial for the innovation and breeding of larch by genetic engineering and provides a certain basis for rapid propagation of excellent larch germplasm resources and genetic engineering breeding of larch and other conifers.

scholarly journals Induction Somatic Embryogenesis Used 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D) and Kinetin in Spindle Leaf Explant Sugarcane

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Wardatus Sholeha ◽  
Bambang Sugiharto ◽  
Dwi Setyati ◽  
Parawita Dewanti
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Embryogenic Callus ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Callus Proliferation ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Respective Concentration

Induction of somatic embryogenesis in sugarcane requires the composition Plant Growth Hormone (PGH) appropriate. Utilizing of PGH (2,4-D and kinetin) is expected to induce sugarcane somatic embryogenesis. The purpose of this study was to obtain the concentration of 2,4-D and kinetin that effective for the multiplication of sugarcane var. NXI 1-3 through somatic embryogenesis. This study consists of four stages: callus induction, callus proliferation, regeneration of shoots and encapsulation. The plant material used is a spindle leaf sugarcane var. NXI 1-3. Callus induction used 2,4-D with different concentration (2 ppm, 3 ppm and 4 ppm). Callus proliferation used 2,4-D with concentration 1 ppm and 2 ppm. Regeneration of shoots used kinetin 0,5 ppm. The results are showed that the optimal induction of embryogenic callus on medium MS + sucrose 30 g / L + CH 300 ppm + 300 ppm PVP + 2,4-D 4 ppm as indicated by the high percentage of explants forming embryogenic callus that is equal to 40% and the respective concentration 2 ppm and 3 ppm is 33,3% and 37,5%. In proliferation stage, the development callus optimal on medium MS + sucrose 30 g / L + CH 300pm + PVP 300 ppm + 2,4-D 2 ppm and formulations for regeneration shoot on medium MS + sucrose 30 g / L + kinetin 0.5 ppm. The result of encapsulation can be shaped 100 sythetic seed. Keywords: Somatic embryogenesis, spindle leaf, kinetin, 2,4-D

Somatic embryogenesis in tissue cultures of Liriodendrontulipifera

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 420-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Merkle ◽  
H. E. Sommer
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Embryogenic Callus ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Immature Embryos ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Yellow Poplar ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Tissue cultures of yellow poplar (Liriodendrontulipifera L.) were initiated from immature and mature zygotic embryos. Nodular embryogenic callus developed from a low percentage of the cultures initiated from immature embryos on solid media supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 6-benzyladenine, and casein hydrolysate. Embryoids differentiated from these culture lines within 1 month following transfer of embryogenic callus to hormone-free solid media. Although most embryoids appeared abnormal, embryoids with well-formed cotyledons and radicles were capable of developing into normal plantlets.

scholarly journals EMBRIOGENESIS SOMATIK IN VITRO DAN REGENERASI PLANLET DARI TIGA VARIETAS ALFALFA (Medicago sativa L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Sulastri Sulastri ◽  
Winda Nawfetrias ◽  
Djatmiko Pinardi ◽  
Henti Rosdayanti
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Plantlet Regeneration ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Embryogenic Callus Induction ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

In Vitro Somatic Embryogenesis and Plantlet Regeneration of Three Varieties of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)ABSTRACTAlfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a valuable plant as a source of food for animal, forage, pharmaceutical, medicine, food supplement, and human consumption.  In vitro selection technology combined with induction or spontaneous mutagenesis has been effective in altering or isolating genetic variability for desirable characters.  Consequently, a reproducible in vitro propagation technique of that plant is mandatory. The aim of the research was to obtain information on the embryogenic callus induction, somatic embryogenesis, and plantlet regeneration of three varieties of alfalfa. The results showed that an optimum embryogenic callus induction (82%) was obtained on Murashige & Skoog (MS) basal medium containing 2 ppm 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2 ppm kinetin and 2 ppm a-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Those embryogenic calli could subsequently develop into somatic embryos, which germinated and regenerated into normal plantlets on R1 medium consisting of MS nutrients without the addition of plant growth regulator.Keywords: alfalfa, callus, embryogenic, plantlets, regeneration ABSTRAKAlfalfa (Medicago sativa) adalah tanaman berharga sebagai sumber makanan untuk hewan, yaitu hijauan pakan ternak, farmasi, obat-obatan, suplemen makanan dan konsumsi manusia. Teknologi seleksi in vitro yang dikombinasikan dengan induksi atau mutagenesis spontan telah terbukti efektif dalam mengubah atau mengisolasi variabilitas genetik untuk karakter yang diinginkan. Oleh sebab itu, keberhasilan teknik perbanyakan in vitro yang telah terbukti dapat direproduksi dari tanaman tersebut menjadi syarat yang harus terpenuhi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai induksi kalus embriogenik, embriogenesis somatik dan regenerasi planlet dari tiga varietas alfalfa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa induksi kalus embriogenik optimal (82%) didapat pada media Murashige & Skoog (MS) dengan  2 ppm 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2 ppm kinetin dan 2 ppm a-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Kalus embriogenik tersebut dapat membentuk embrio somatik, embrionya berkecambah dan beregenerasi membentuk planlet normal pada perlakuan media R1 yaitu nutrisi MS tanpa penambahan zat pengatur tumbuh.Kata Kunci: alfalfa, embriogenik, kalus, planlet, regenerasi

Somatic embryogenesis and plantlet regeneration from embryos isolated from stored seeds of Picea glauca

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Embryogenic Callus ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

White spruce (Picea glauca) embryogenic callus was obtained using 3- to 11-year-old seeds as a source of zygotic embryos. They were cultured on half-strength Litvay's medium supplemented with 10 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 5 μM benzylaminopurine, 1 g/L casein hydrolysate, 500 mg/L glutamine, and 1% sucrose. The frequency of induction of embryogenic callus was significantly improved by incubation at 25 °C and by a 4-h imbibition of the seeds. The yield of embryogenic callus was significantly affected by the geographic provenance of the seeds and by their number of years in storage. A significant correlation was also found between the yield of embryogénie callus and the percentage of germination of the seedlot used. Even after 11 years of storage, 40% of the zygotic embryos could produce an embryogenic callus when dissected from seeds with a high germination rate. Somatic embryos were matured after transfer onto an embryo development medium composed of the same medium but including 6% sucrose, 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and 5 μM kinetin. The somatic embryos developed further under in vitro conditions and were then transplanted into soil. The somatic embryoderived plantlets established in the greenhouse were similar to control plantlets obtained from germinated seeds. Mature embryos from stored seeds were shown to constitute a valuable source for white spruce somatic embryogenesis.

scholarly journals Effects of Plant Growth Regulators and Sugars on Ehretia asperula Zoll. et Mor. Cell Cultures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.T.M. Tram ◽  
N.K. Suong ◽  
L.T.T. Tien
Keyword(s):  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Cell Suspension Cultures ◽  
Suspension Cultures ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
Friable Callus ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Background: Belonging to the Boraginacae family, Ehretia asperula Zoll. et Mor., called “Xa den”, is a precious medicinal plant also known as the “cancer tree” by the Muong ethnic group in Hoa Binh Province, Vietnam. Xa den has been demonstrated to inhibit the development of malignant tumors, reduce oxidation and enhance the human immune system. This research focused on examining friable callus induction from young stems of Ehretia asperula Zoll. et Mor. Methods: Samples of Xa den were less than two years old. Young stems with 2 to 6 leaves served as explants for callus induction. Explants placed on autoclaved B5 nutrients incubated at 25oC, in the dark. The testing factors were concentrations of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and Benzyl adenine (BA), types and concentrations of sugars.Result: Friable callus was induced on B5 medium with 0.4 mg/L of 2,4-D, 0.1 mg/L of BA and 30 g/L of glucose at the highest rate (100%). Additionally, callus grew best after 5 weeks of culture weighing 0.194 g. Friable callus was used as material for cell suspension cultures. After two weeks, the Xa den cell suspension cultures contained single cells and small cell clumps. The liquid medium had changed from dark yellow to light brown.

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