Height and growth habit of Norway spruce rooted cuttings compared between two serial propagation cycles

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 806-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Foster ◽  
B. G. Bentzer ◽  
A. R. Hellberg ◽  
A. C. Podzorski
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Variation Pattern ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Similar Variation ◽  
Total Height ◽  
Clonal Variance ◽  
Serial Propagation

Rooted cuttings from 10 Norway spruce (Piceaabies (L.) Karst.) clones, arising from both second and third serial propagation cycles, were established in a field trial. Total height was measured annually for 6 years, while growth habit was measured for the first 5 years. Results of analyses for height revealed (i) significant clonal variance at each age, (ii) no differences between propagation cycles at any age, and (iii) a significant clone × propagation cycle interaction at all ages. A similar variation pattern existed for growth habit: (i) significant clonal variance at each age; (ii) propagation cycle differences were significant only at age 2; and (iii) the clone × propagation cycle interaction was significant only at ages 1,3, and 4.

VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION OF CONIFERS: VII. OUTDOOR PROPAGATION OF A NOVEMBER COLLECTION OF NORWAY SPRUCE CUTTINGS TREATED WITH PHYTOHORMONES, CANE SUGAR, AND AN ORGANIC MERCURIAL DISINFECTANT

1940 ◽  
Vol 18c (11) ◽  
pp. 566-577
Author(s):  
N. H. Grace ◽  
J. L. Farrar ◽  
J. W. Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Cane Sugar ◽  
Organic Mercury ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Indolylacetic Acid ◽  
Propagation Medium ◽  
Naphthylacetic Acid ◽  
Phytohormone Treatment

Dormant Norway spruce cuttings were collected in mid-November and treated with talc dusts containing two separate phytohormone chemicals, indolylacetic and naphthylacetic acids, in three concentrations, 0, 1000, and 5000 p.p.m., alone, and in combination with cane sugar and an organic mercurial disinfectant. Treated cuttings were planted immediately in outside frames in sand and a mixture of sand and peat in equal proportions. They were removed for examination 10 months later. Phytohormone treatment, except with the 5000 p.p.m. concentration of naphthylacetic acid, which was injurious, increased the number of cuttings rooted, the number and length of roots, the number of surviving cuttings, and the number of rooted cuttings with new growth. There were also marked effects on the initiation and development of new growth. The admixture of peat in the propagation medium improved rooting and development of new growth, particularly in certain of the phytohormone treatments. Only about 50% of the controls rooted in both sand and sand-peat, while the 5000 p.p.m. concentration of indolylacetic acid effected 68% rooting in sand and 82% in sand-peat.Both cane sugar and organic mercury significantly affected a number of the responses. However, the effects were comparatively small and depended, for the most part, on interactions with phytohormone treatments and media. Organic mercury increased the number of cuttings rooted by about 6%.

VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION OF CONIFERS: II. EFFECTS OF NUTRIENT SOLUTION AND PHYTOHORMONE DUSTS ON THE ROOTING OF NORWAY SPRUCE CUTTINGS

1939 ◽  
Vol 17c (9) ◽  
pp. 312-316
Author(s):  
N. H. Grace
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Rooted Cutting ◽  
Marked Influence ◽  
Nutrient Treatment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dust Treatment

Norway spruce cuttings were treated with phytohormone dusts, and nutrient solution was added to the sand in which some of the cuttings were planted. The nutrient treatment greatly increased the number of rooted cuttings and the number that developed new growth, and reduced the number that died. Although talc alone increased top growth, indolylacetic acid, present in three concentrations in talc, had no significant effect on the number of cuttings rooted or dead. However, the hormone dust treatment effected a significant reduction in the length of root per rooted cutting and the mean root length. The results indicate that nutrient salts may, under certain conditions, have a marked influence on the rooting and growth of Norway spruce cuttings.

scholarly journals Estimation of Genetic Parameters and Selection of Superior Genotypes in a 12-Year-Old Clonal Norway Spruce Field Trial after Phenotypic Assessment Using a UAV

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 992
Author(s):  
Mateusz Liziniewicz ◽  
Liviu Theodor Ene ◽  
Johan Malm ◽  
Jens Lindberg ◽  
Andreas Helmersson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Tree Breeding ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Additive Regression

Height is a key trait in the indices applied when selecting genotypes for use in both tree breeding populations and production populations in seed orchards. Thus, measurement of tree height is an important activity in the Swedish Norway spruce breeding program. However, traditional measurement techniques are time-consuming, expensive, and often involve work in bad weather, so automatization of the data acquisition would be beneficial. Possibilities for such automatization have been opened by advances in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology. Therefore, to test its applicability in breeding programs, images acquired by a consumer-level UAV (DJI Phantom 4 Pro V2.0) system were used to predict the height and breast height diameter of Norway spruce trees in a 12-year-old genetic field trial established with 2.0 × 2.0 m initial spacing. The tree heights were also measured in the field using an ultrasonic system. Three additive regression models with different numbers of predictor variables were used to estimate heights of individual trees. On stand level, the average height estimate derived from UAV data was 2% higher than the field-measured average. The estimation of family means was very accurate, but the genotype-level accuracy, which is crucial for selection in the Norway spruce breeding program, was not high enough. There was just ca. 60% matching of genotypes in groups selected using actual and estimated heights. In addition, heritability values calculated from the predicted values were underestimated and overestimated for height and diameter, respectively, with deviations from measurement-based estimates ranging between −19% and +12%. However, the use of more sophisticated UAV and camera equipment could significantly improve the results and enable automatic individual tree detection.

Impact of clone mixture composition on stability of 7th-year mean height in a series of Norway spruce clone tests

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 757-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. G. Bentzer ◽  
G. S. Foster ◽  
A. R. Hellberg
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Relative Height ◽  
Southern Sweden ◽  
Variation Pattern ◽  
Elimination Process ◽  
Stepwise Manner ◽  
Location Interaction

Four mixtures of Norway spruce (Piceaabies (L.) Karst.), each containing 56 clones, were analysed for height at age 7 years at six locations in southern Sweden. The number of clones in each mixture was subsequently reduced in a stepwise manner from 56 to 40, 30, 20, 10, and finally, 5 clones. The reduction process was conducted in three ways: (i) random deletion, (ii) deletion based on height growth, and (iii) deletion based on clone stability. No difference among the means of clone mixtures could be found for 20–56 clones for any elimination procedure tested, and no mixture × location interaction existed despite the number of clones in the mixture or the elimination process used. Location effects were consistently significant, independent of the number of clones in each mixture. Also, replication effects were significant in all cases but one. Random elimination of clones resulted in weak differences between mixture means when 10 and 5 clones were included. Deletion of clones based on lack of stability or inferior height growth only slightly changed the variation pattern compared with when all 56 clones were present in each mixture. Relative height growth performance of clone mixtures with as few as 5 clones appeared to be stable within the region of Sweden that was represented by the trials.

Restoration of high adventitious root regeneration potential in mature Betulapapyrifera Marsh, softwood stem cuttings

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel K. Struve ◽  
R. Daniel Lineberger
Keyword(s):  
Adventitious Root ◽  
Adventitious Shoot ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Regeneration Potential ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Root Regeneration ◽  
Shoot Initiation ◽  
Rooting Response ◽  
Adventitious Root Regeneration ◽  
Serial Propagation

Grafted mature (flowering) Betulapapyrifera Marsh, scions were used to investigate restoration of high adventitious root regeneration potential in softwood stem cuttings. Scion manipulation (defoliation), serial propagation (using previously rooted cuttings as stock plants), hedging (severe pruning), and micropropagation were used as possible restoration treatments. Over a 15-month period, more than 8000 softwood stem cuttings were taken for propagation. Serial propagation more than doubled (from 20 to 44%) rooting response. Rooting response of tissue cultured microcuttings resulting from adventitious shoot initiation averaged 95% for 35 clones. By comparison, rooting response of open pollinated seedling families was 87% and stem cuttings from stock plants grown from tissue cultured microcuttings averaged 75%. Variation in clonal rooting response among propagation times represented a greater source of variation than that attributed to serial propagation or clone. Scion manipulation and hedging were ineffective in increasing stem cutting rooting potential. High rooting potential in mature birch can best be restored via tissue culture.

scholarly journals Effect of initial height of seedlings on the growth of planting material of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) in mountain conditions

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 112-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Jurásek ◽  
J. Leugner ◽  
J. Martincová
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Initial Height ◽  
Total Height ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Planting Materials ◽  
One Year

Common ways of nursery cultivation and sorting the planting material of mountain provenances of Norway spruce (<I>Picea abies</I> [L.] Karst.) are connected with the risk of undesirable narrowing of the genetic spectrum of populations. Investigations in spruce plantations established by different planting materials found out very good growth (total height is 125 cm 9 years after outplanting) and health status of these slowly growing seedlings planted in extreme mountain conditions. In order to prevent the genetic spectrum narrowing, we recommend to cultivate all seedlings including smaller outsorted (commonly culled) ones. The smallest seedlings can be grown one year longer and subsequently planted out in the same locality as the remaining planting material of the same seed lot.

Range-wide genetic variation of black spruce

1978 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. K. Morgenstern
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Clinal Variation ◽  
Variation Pattern ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Total Height ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Natural Stands ◽  
Major Factors

Initiation and cessation of growth and total height of seedlings at ages 2 and 3 years were measured in a nursery experiment with 100 seed sources of Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P. from natural stands sampled across the range from the Atlantic Coast to Alaska. Correlations with climatic and geographic factors were calculated and principal component, variance, and regression analyses made. The results showed that photoperiod and temperature were major factors of natural selection and that a clinal variation pattern is predominant. Since south–north trends of photoperiod and temperature are closely related to latitude, the regression of phenological variables and of height on latitude of origin gave an indication of response gradients. Total height changed by 2 to 11% from the experimental mean if a seed source was moved 1° of latitude north or south from its native area to a new site. The consequences for seed movement and breeding programs are discussed.

Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy of Polyethylene Crystals

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 242-245
Author(s):  
F. Khoury ◽  
L. H. Bolz
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Crystallization Temperature ◽  
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Lateral Growth ◽  
Scanning Transmission Electron ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Growth Habits

The lateral growth habits and non-planar conformations of polyethylene crystals grown from dilute solutions (<0.1% wt./vol.) are known to vary depending on the crystallization temperature.1-3 With the notable exception of a study by Keith2, most previous studies have been limited to crystals grown at <95°C. The trend in the change of the lateral growth habit of the crystals with increasing crystallization temperature (other factors remaining equal, i.e. polymer mol. wt. and concentration, solvent) is illustrated in Fig.l. The lateral growth faces in the lozenge shaped type of crystal (Fig.la) which is formed at lower temperatures are {110}. Crystals formed at higher temperatures exhibit 'truncated' profiles (Figs. lb,c) and are bound laterally by (110) and (200} growth faces. In addition, the shape of the latter crystals is all the more truncated (Fig.lc), and hence all the more elongated parallel to the b-axis, the higher the crystallization temperature.

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