Estimation of seed orchard efficiencies by means of multistage variable probability sampling

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 1397-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Bartram ◽  
G. Miller
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Probability Sampling ◽  
Variable Probability Sampling ◽  
Efficiency Data ◽  
Variable Probability

This paper describes two frameworks for developing effective multistage variable probability sampling methods to estimate seed orchard efficiencies. In both cases a standard multistage approach is implemented initially in multiple orchards and years. The effectiveness of this approach is then evaluated against several alternative methods, using the initial efficiency data collected, and subsequent survey procedures are prescribed on the basis of this analysis. An example illustrating the application of this methodology in coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seed orchards in British Columbia is presented.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of seeds from four German Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) seed orchards

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birte Pakull ◽  
Pascal Eusemann ◽  
Janine Wojacki ◽  
Diana Ahnert ◽  
Heike Liesebach
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Spatial Isolation ◽  
Offspring Generation

AbstractIn Germany, Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii Franco) is seen as a valuable species for future cultivation in times of climate change. Local seed production in seed stands and seed orchards may secure that local adaptation is transferred to the next generation, but small population sizes could lower genetic diversity and thus future adaptability. Here we analyse the transfer of genetic diversity from parent to offspring generation in four older German seed orchards. We detected low pollen contamination rates due to high levels of spatial isolation. Even with a relatively low number of 40 clones, seed orchard design with randomized and repeated planting of clones led to low selfing rates, and despite uneven parental contributions, the number of successful parents and the level of genetic intermixture were high enough to allow the transfer of an adequate part of the genetic diversity to the next generation. Larger numbers, however, might be needed to reliably conserve the entire genetic diversity over succeeding generations. Conclusions on the establishment of future seed orchards and regarding areas requiring further research are drawn at the end of the paper.

DISTRIBUTION AND IMPACT OF LEPTOGLOSSUS OCCIDENTALS HEIDEMANN (HEMIPTERA: COREIDAE) IN SEED ORCHARDS IN BRITISH COLUMBIA

1996 ◽  
Vol 128 (6) ◽  
pp. 1065-1076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzie E. Blatt ◽  
John H. Borden
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Threshold Levels ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Leptoglossus Occidentalis

AbstractLeptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann (Hemiptera: Coreidae) is considered to be an important cone and seed pest in seed orchards in British Columbia; however, no impact studies have been done in Canada. Surveys to determine the distribution of L. occidentalis were conducted over a 3-year period in three coastal seed orchards of Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, and over a 2-year period in two seed orchards of lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelmann. Leptoglossus occidentalis was found to distribute itself in patches, coinciding with a clonal preference. Seed losses were assessed for 2 years in the coastal Douglas-fir orchards and for 1 year in one lodgepole pine orchard. The percentages of partially filled seed that could have been caused by feeding of L. occidentalis or by a number of other factors were < 5% in coastal Douglas-fir for both 1992 and 1993 and ~14% in lodgepole pine in 1993. Apparently because populations of L. occidentalis were low, there was no correlation between the percentage of partially filled seed and number of insects per tree. Except in unusual circumstances, management measures in Canada are judged not to be necessary as populations of L. occidentalis are consistently below the calculated threshold levels required to cause ≥5% loss in seed production.

scholarly journals The Development of a Program for the Genetic Improvement of Douglas-fir in British Columbia

1969 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 395-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Orr-Ewing
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Service Industry ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Interim Measure ◽  
Production Areas

The Douglas-fir, one of the most important species in western North America, has been widely planted in coastal British Columbia since 1930. The present measures being taken by the British Columbia Forest Service, Industry and the University of British Columbia to improve the genetic quality of the large amounts of seed required, are discussed. These include seed production areas, selections of plus trees in clone banks and seed orchards, together with the research programs being undertaken by all three organizations. It is noted that at the present time more than 90 per cent of the Douglas-fir seed is collected from unimproved stands. It is considered that the acreage of the seed production areas and the planned expansion of seed orchards will not be sufficient to ensure that future collections will be from improved seed sources. An immediate expansion of seed production areas is suggested as an interim measure. It is considered that there is great potential for the genetic improvement of Douglas-fir as it has already been demonstrated that the species is adaptable to radically different methods of breeding.

scholarly journals Low Cost Improvement of Coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) By Application of The Breeding Seed Orchard Approach in Denmark

2005 ◽  
Vol 54 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 218-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Hansen ◽  
H. Wellendorf ◽  
E. D. Kjær
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Seedling Seed Orchard ◽  
Stem Straightness

Abstract An evaluation of a seedling seed orchard in Denmark of Coastal Douglas-fir showed variation between open pollinated families in their susceptibility to windthrow, height and diameter growth, stem straightness, number of forks at age 10 and bud burst at age 9. Individual narrow-sense heritability was 0.63 for bud burst, 0.40 for height and diameter, respectively, 0.48 for stem straightness, 0.20 for number of forks and 0.17 for windthrow susceptibility. Fast growing families were characterised by late bud burst, and poorer stem straightness. The approach of using seedling seed orchards in Denmark is discussed in relation to genetic gains, genetic diversity and risk of inbreeding. Predicted gains concerning a reduction of windthrow susceptibility were poor due to low genetic variability. In multi-trait selection scenarios aiming to improve growth, stem straightness and reducing windthrow susceptibility, the approach of using seedling seed orchards demonstrated that it might be possible to obtain gains in height above 5% combined with significant improvements of stem straightness while retaining an effective population size above 50.

PITYOPHTHORUS ORARIUS BRIGHT (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) IN A NORTHERN CALIFORNIA DOUGLAS-FIR SEED ORCHARD: EFFECT OF CLONE, TREE VIGOR, AND CONE CROP ON RATE OF ATTACK

1994 ◽  
Vol 126 (5) ◽  
pp. 1111-1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy G. Rappaport ◽  
David L. Wood
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Attack Rate ◽  
Oviposition Behavior ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Northern California

AbstractThe geographic range of the Douglas-fir twig beetle, Pityophthorus orarius Bright, was extended beyond the original provenance of southern British Columbia to northern California. A survey of 457 Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] trees in 1985 revealed that those with heavy cone crops were more likely to be infested by twig beetles than were those with a light crop. Furthermore, attack rates differed among clones. A second survey done in 1987 confirmed the importance of clone and cone crop in attack rate. In this survey, stressed trees were attacked at a higher rate than unstressed trees. Beetle distributions appeared clumped in both surveys, possibly because of semio-chemicals or oviposition behavior.

Cylindrocarpon and Fusarium root colonization of Douglas-fir seedlings from British Columbia reforestation sites

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 1198-1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paige E Axelrood ◽  
William K Chapman ◽  
Keith A Seifert ◽  
David B Trotter ◽  
Gwen Shrimpton
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Root Infection ◽  
Significant Linear Trend ◽  
Conifer Seedlings ◽  
Cylindrocarpon Destructans

Poor performance of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) plantations established in 1987 has occurred in southwestern British Columbia. Affected sites were planted with 1-year-old container stock that exhibited some root dieback in the nursery. A study was initiated in 1991 to assess Cylindrocarpon and Fusarium root infection in planted and naturally regenerating (natural) Douglas-fir seedlings from seven affected plantations. Percentages of seedlings harboring Cylindrocarpon spp.and percent root colonization were significantly greater for planted seedlings compared with natural seedlings. A significant linear trend in Cylindrocarpon root colonization was observed for planted seedlings with colonization levels being highest for roots closest to the remnants of the root plug and decreasing at distances greater than 10cm from that region. This trend in Cylindrocarpon colonization was not observed for natural seedlings. Cylindrocarpon destructans (Zins.) Scholten var. destructans and C.cylindroides Wollenw. var. cylindroides were the only species isolated from planted and natural conifer seedlings. For most sites, percentage of seedlings harboring Fusarium spp.and percent Fusarium root colonization were less than for Cylindrocarpon. Recovery of Fusarium spp.from seedlings and root colonization levels were not significantly different for planted and natural seedlings from all sites.

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