Growth and ectomycorrhiza formation of containerized black spruce seedlings as affected by nitrogen fertilization, Inoculum type, and symbiont

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 922-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Gagnon ◽  
C. G. Langlois ◽  
J. A. Fortin
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Available N ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Substrate Fertility ◽  
Inoculum Type

Piceamariana (Mill.)B.S.P. seedlings were grown in containers under three levels of nitrogen fertilization (6, 8.5, and 15 mg/seedling per season). Seedlings were inoculated at sowing with Laccariabicolor and Hebelomacylindrosporum, using two methods: mycelial suspension liquid inoculum and peat–vermiculite solid inoculum. Results show that liquid inoculum was as effective as solid inoculum for development of Laccariabicolor ectomycorrhizae on black spruce seedlings. After 20 weeks in the greenhouse, seedlings fertilized with 8.5 mg N and inoculated with L. bicolor had the highest percentage of ectomycorrhizal short roots for both inoculum types, with 59 and 53% for liquid and solid inocula, respectively. These L. bicolor seedlings had significantly more ectomycorrhizae with 8.5 mg N than with 15 mg N. Very few ectomycorrhizae were obtained with Hebelomacylindrosporum for any of the nitrogen levels or either of the inoculum types. There were no significant differences for any growth parameters except shoot/root ratio between L. bicolor seedlings and the controls, regardless of the N level and inoculum type. For both inoculum types, only shoot height of seedlings differed significantly among the three N levels. Seedlings fertilized with 8.5 mg N had root-collar diameter and dry weights that were not significantly less than those that received 15 mg N for both inoculum types. It is only at the lower level of 6 mg N that seedlings inoculated with liquid L. bicolor inoculum absorbed significantly more N than the controls. Analysis of percent N and P concentration in seedlings with the greatest ectomycorrhizal development and analysis of available N and P in their substrate indicated that tissue concentrations of 1.9% N and 0.2% P and substrate fertility of 40 ppm N and 50 ppm P would be appropriate to maintain the ectomycorrhizal association Piceamariana–Laccariabicolor. Salinity in the substrate of control seedlings was generally significantly different between the three N levels during the growing period.

L'utilisation du compost de boues de stations d'épuration des eaux comme substrat de culture pour la production des plants forestiers en récipients

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 518-527
Author(s):  
Patrick Polan ◽  
Jean Gagnon ◽  
J. Peter Jones
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Containerized Seedlings ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Sludge Recycling ◽  
Collar Diameter

The Quebec government has established a program to treat industrial and domestic wastewaters. However, this program does make it necessary to dispose of large quantities of sludge. This sludge can be burned or landfilled but such solutions do not properly draw benefit from the sludge's potential as a fertilizer. There is a considerable interest in composting of the sludge. In this study, compost from the composting plant in Plattsburgh was mixed with the growing substrate normally used for the production of containerized jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) seedlings to determine if the compost could be used for the production in containers of forest seedlings. The growth of containerized seedlings produced with proportions by volume of 80% peat moss and 20% vermiculite was compared to the growth of seedlings when the peat moss (80%) was replaced by different proportions of compost (20, 40, 60, and 80%). After one growing season in tunnel, the best growth rates in terms of shoot height, root-collar diameter, and dry biomass were obtained with the control, followed in decreasing order by the treatments compost 20, 40, 60, and 80%. In this experiment, the use of compost from wastewater treatment plants reduced significantly the growth of jack pine and this can be explained mainly by the lack of nitrogen in the tissues of jack pine seedlings. However, the adjustment of nitrogen fertilization and conditions of cultivation by using compost may permit the production of containerized seedlings having the same dimensions as the controls. The seedling growth parameters when 20% compost was incorporated in the substrate were nearly the same as the control seedling. Key words: sludge, recycling, compost, substrate, container, forest seedlings, jack pine.

Growth and ectomycorrhiza formation of container-grown red oak seedlings as a function of nitrogen fertilization and inoculum type of Laccariabicolor

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 966-973 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Gagnon ◽  
C. G. Langlois ◽  
J. Garbaye
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Root Collar Diameter ◽  
N Level ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Mycelial Suspension ◽  
Root Collar ◽  
Oak Seedlings

Containerized red oak (Quercusrubra L.) seedlings were inoculated at the time of sowing with Laccariabicolor (Maire) Orton using two methods to compare the efficiency of two inoculum types: a mycelial suspension (Ecot-Sol®101) produced by Rhizotec Laboratories Inc. and calcium alginate beads containing this mycelial suspension. Red oak seedlings were also grown for 19 weeks in a peat moss – vermiculite substrate under three levels of N fertilization (100, 120, and 140 mg/seedling per season) to determine the N level that maximizes the ectomycorrhizae formation and growth of seedlings. After 19 weeks in the greenhouse, seedlings inoculated with liquid inoculum had significantly more mycorrhizae than both those inoculated with beads and controls, regardless of the N level. For any of the N levels, liquid-inoculated seedlings had significantly lower shoot height, root-collar diameter, and dry weights (shoot, root, and total) than both those inoculated with beads and the controls, whereas there were no significant differences for any growth parameters between the bead and control treatments. For the three inoculum treatments, root and total dry weights of seedlings fertilized with 100 mg N were significantly lower than those of seedlings that received both 120 and 140 mg N, whereas shoot height, root-collar diameter, and shoot:root ratio of seedlings did not differ significantly between any of the three N levels. After 19 weeks, seedlings inoculated with liquid inoculum had significantly greater N and P concentrations (%) and contents (mg/seedling) than those inoculated with beads only at the 140 mg N level. Analyses show that seedling concentrations of 1.2% N and 0.1% P and substrate fertility of 25 ppm N and 30 ppm P would be appropriate to maintain the ectomycorrhizal association Q. rubra – L. bicolor.

scholarly journals Response of Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana L.) to Varying Levels of Plant Density and Nitrogen

2021 ◽  
pp. 308-314
Author(s):  
M. Niharika ◽  
G. E. C. H. Vidya Sagar ◽  
K. Bhanu Rekha ◽  
T. Anjaiah
Keyword(s):  
Finger Millet ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Available N ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Matter Production

A field experiment was conducted during kharif, 2019 at College Farm, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Telangana. The present study was conducted to know the effect of different planting densities and nitrogen levels on the growth and yield of Finger millet. The soil of experimental site was loamy sand type, slightly acidic in pH (6.43), non-saline in EC (0.15 dSm-1), low in organic carbon (0.42%), low in available N (201.6 kg ha-1), medium in available P (25.3 kg ha-1), low in available K (236.25 kg ha-1). The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with factorial concept and replicated thrice with 12 treatments combinations consisting of four nitrogen levels (0 %, 50%, 100% and 150% RDN) and three levels of planting density (S1-solid rows × 15 cm, S2- 30 cm × 15 cm, S3- 25 cm × 15 cm). Results indicated that S1-solid rows × 15 cm recorded highest plant height, number of tillers m-2, dry matter production (g m-2) and S3- 25 cm × 15 cm recorded highest leaf area plant-1 and yield. Application of 150% RDN recorded highest plant growth parameters, grain yield and straw yield. However, it was on par with 100% RDN. It was concluded that planting density of 25 cm × 15 cm among spacings and 100% N among nitrogen levels proved to be a viable option for getting higher productivity and profit under rainfed conditions of central agro climatic zone of Telangana.

Growth and ectomycorrhizal formation of container-grown Douglas-fir seedlings inoculated with Laccariabicolor under four levels of nitrogen fertilization

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 1953-1961 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Gagnon ◽  
C.G. Langlois ◽  
D. Bouchard ◽  
F. Le Tacon
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Mycorrhizal Infection ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
N Level ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Substrate Fertility ◽  
Mycelial Suspension

Container-grown Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings were inoculated at the time of sowing with a Laccariabicolor (Maire) Orton mycelial suspension produced in a fermentor. They were grown in a peat moss–vermiculite substrate under four levels of N fertilization (7.2, 14.4, 21.6, and 28.7 mg/seedling per season (N1, N2, N3, and N4, respectively)) to determine the N level suitable for both ectomycorrhizal development and seedling growth. After 18 weeks in the greenhouse, seedlings inoculated with L. bicolor had 44%, 32%, 44%, and 5% of their short roots mycorrhizal when fertilized with N1, N2, N3, and N4, respectively. Only when they were fertilized with N4 did the L. bicolor seedlings have significantly greater shoot height than the controls. For the other growth parameters, they were not significantly different from control seedlings for any of the N levels. After 18 weeks, regardless of the level of N, seedlings inoculated with L. bicolor had significantly lower N concentrations (%) and contents (mg/seedling) than the uninoculated ones. Consequently, for the same production of biomass, the mycorrhizal seedlings had taken up less N than the nonmycorrhizal ones. The efficiency of applied N, expressed in terms of produced biomass, decreased when the N fertilization increased; mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal seedlings did not tend to be different. The efficiency of the absorbed N also decreased with the level of applied N, but less rapidly, and tended to be greater for the mycorrhizal seedlings than for the nonmycorrhizal ones. Therefore, the mycorrhizal infection improved the utilization of the absorbed N. N3 was the best of the four N levels used, since it was the only one that maximized both the ectomycorrhizal formation and the growth of the seedlings. In other words, a total seedling N concentration of 1.6% and a substrate fertility of 52 ppm N are appropriate to optimize both the ectomycorrhizal development and the growth of Douglas-fir seedlings.

Effect of drainage and microtopography in forested wetlands on the microenvironment and growth of planted black spruce seedlings

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 563-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Roy ◽  
Pierre-Y. Bernier ◽  
André P Plamondon ◽  
Jean-Claude Ruel
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Forested Wetland ◽  
Drainage Ditch ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Rooting Zone

Black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) seedlings were planted on eight drained forested wetland cutblocks to study the effects of soil type, distance from drainage ditch, and microtopography on the physical conditions of the rooting zone and on seedling growth, survival, and physiology. After two growing seasons, providing a raised planting spot had a greater impact on seedling growth than locally intensive drainage. Less saturated, better aerated, and warmer rooting zone on hummocks increased foliar N and Ca concentrations, which led to significantly greater relative growth rate, terminal shoot height growth, diameter, and survival compared with the seedlings in hollows. The effect of drainage on seedling growth is not conclusive. Depth of the aerobic layer and soil water content at 10 cm depth were similar at all distances to the ditch despite a significantly lower water table level in the 5-m plot. Thus, no significant differences were observed as a function of distance to drainage ditch for water relation and growth parameters except for better height growth in the 5-m plot the second year after planting. Water table levels were identical for both soil types and consequently growth was similar on wet mineral and organic soil types.

Agronomic performance of autumn- and winter-cropped Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) in response to varying levels of nitrogen fertiliser

2020 ◽  
pp. 83-95
Author(s):  
Bent Al-Hoda Asghari ◽  
Mohsen Yousefi ◽  
Katarzyna Możdżeń ◽  
Joanna Puła ◽  
Peiman Zandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Nitrogen Fertiliser ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Cropping Seasons

Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern) cultivation is suggested for regions with short seasons and low rainfall. Although there have been many studies conducted on agronomic production of mustard in Iran, the information regarding the interactive impact of cropping seasons and nitrogen fertiliser on growth characteristics and yield quality of mustard plant is still insufficient and requires further investigation. This study focused on the possible implications of different cropping seasons and different nitrogen levels on selected agronomic traits in mustard. In this experiment, five different doses of nitrogen and two sowing periods were used to assess for their combined effects on the growth parameters, seed yield and agronomic characteristics of mustard in the semi-arid climatic conditions of Takestan. The results revealed that cultivation seasons and nitrogen rates had a significant effect on plant height, biomass yield, number of siliques per plant, seed oil content and seed yield.

Nitrogen Demand of Cut Chrysanthemums in Relation to Shoot Height and Planting Date

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 523c-523
Author(s):  
Siegfried Zerche
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Growing Period

Refined nutrient delivery systems are important for environmentally friendly production of cut flowers in both soil and hydroponic culture. They have to be closely orientated at the actual nutrient demand. To solve current problems, express analysis and nutrient uptake models have been developed in horticulture. However, the necessity of relatively laborious analysis or estimation of model input parameters have prevented their commercial use up to now. For this reason, we studied relationships between easily determinable parameters of plant biomass structure as shoot height, plant density and dry matter production as well as amount of nitrogen removal of hydroponically grown year-round cut chrysanthemums. In four experiments (planting dates 5.11.91; 25.3.92; 4.1.93; 1.7.93) with cultivar `Puma white' and a fixed plant density of 64 m2, shoots were harvested every 14 days from planting until flowering, with dry matter, internal N concentration and shoot height being measured. For each planting date, N uptake (y) was closely (r2 = 0.94; 0.93; 0.84; 0.93, respectively) related to shoot height (x) at the time of cutting and could be characterized by the equation y = a * × b. In the soilless cultivation system, dry matter concentrations of N remained constant over the whole growing period, indicating non-limiting nitrogen supply. In agreement with constant internal N concentrations, N uptake was linearly related (r2 = 0.94 to 0.99) to dry matter accumulation. It is concluded that shoot height is a useful parameter to include in a simple model of N uptake. However, in consideration of fluctuating greenhouse climate conditions needs more sophisticated approaches including processes such as water uptake and photosynthetically active radiation.

scholarly journals Morphogenetic characteristics of three Brachiaria brizantha cultivars submitted to nitrogen fertilization

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 371-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos F Silva ◽  
Edson M. V Porto ◽  
Dorismar D Alves ◽  
Cláudio M.T Vitor ◽  
Ignacio Aspiazú
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Elongation Rate ◽  
Leaf Elongation ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Appearance Rate ◽  
Leaf Elongation Rate ◽  
Leaf Appearance Rate ◽  
Leaf Appearance

This study aims to evaluate the morphogenetic characteristics of three cultivars of Brachiaria brizantha subjected to nitrogen fertilization. The design was a randomized block in factorial arrangement 4x3; three cultivars of B. brizantha - Marandu, Piatã, Xaraés and four nitrogen levels - 0, 80, 160 and 240 kg/ha, with three replications. The experimental units consisted of plastic pots filled with 5 dm3 of soil. Thereupon the establishment fertilization, varieties were sowed directly in the pots, leaving, after thinning, five plants per pot. Forty-five days after planting, it was done a standardization cut at 10 cm tall. Nitrogen levels were distributed according to the treatments, divided in three applications. The morphogenetic characteristics were evaluated in three tillers per sampling unit and data were submitted to analysis of variance and regression. For all evaluated characteristics there was no interaction between factors cultivar and nitrogen levels, verifying only the effects of nitrogen on the variables leaf appearance rate and phyllochron. The dose 240 kg/ha of N corresponds to the greater leaf appearance rate. Cultivar Marandu shows the higher leaf blade: pseudostem and ratio of leaf elongation rate and elongation pseudostem, which favors higher forage quality.

scholarly journals PRODUTIVIDADE DE CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR FERTIRRIGADA COM DOSES DE N E INOCULADAS COM BACTÉRIAS DIAZOTRÓFICAS

Irriga ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
William José Dellabiglia ◽  
Glauber José de Castro Gava ◽  
Adolfo Bergamo Arlanch ◽  
Roberto Lyra Villas Boas ◽  
Heitor Cantarella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Research Unit ◽  
Diazotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Biological Fixation ◽  
Saccharum Spp ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Sugarcane Yield ◽  
Subsurface Drip ◽  
E Mail

PRODUTIVIDADE DE CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR FERTIRRIGADA COM DOSES DE N E INOCULADAS COM BACTÉRIAS DIAZOTRÓFICAS*     WILLIAM JOSÉ DELLABIGLIA¹; GLAUBER JOSÉ DE CASTRO GAVA²; ADOLFO BERGAMO ARLANCH3; ROBERTO LYRA VILLAS BOAS4; HEITOR CANTARELLA5 E RAFFAELLA ROSSETTO6     * Artigo extraído da Dissertação do primeiro autor 1 Faculdade de Tecnologia de Botucatu (FATEC-BT), Av. José Ítalo Bacchi, s/n, Botucatu – SP – Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Pesquisador, Instituto Agronômico de Campinas (IAC), Rodovia SP 304, Km 304, Jaú, SP - Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 3 Doutorando do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Irrigação e Drenagem, Universidade Estadual Paulista ‘‘Júlio Mesquita Filho’’ - UNESP/FCA, Rua José Barbosa de Barros, 1780, Botucatu, SP - Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 4 Professor Doutor do Departamento de Recursos Naturais/Ciência do Solo, Universidade Estadual Paulista ‘‘Júlio Mesquita Filho’’ - UNESP/FCA, Rua José Barbosa de Barros, 1780, Botucatu, SP - Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 5 Pesquisador, Instituto Agronômico de Campinas (IAC), Av. Barão de Itapura, 1481, Campinas, SP – Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 6 Pesquisadora, Agência Paulista de Tecnologia (APTA), Rodovia SP 127, km 30, Piracicaba, SP – Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]     1 RESUMO   O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência da inoculação de bactérias diazotróficas e da fertilização nitrogenada na produtividade e qualidade tecnológica da cana-de-açúcar (cana-planta), nos manejos: irrigado por gotejamento subsuperficial e de sequeiro.  O experimento foi conduzido na Unidade de Pesquisa Hélio de Moraes, do IAC, no município de Jaú, SP, (22°17’ S 48°34’ O, em Latossolo Vermelho). A variedade de cana-de-açúcar foi a RB92579. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, composto por fatorial de 2 manejos de irrigação: irrigado (I) e não irrigado (NI), 2 manejos de inoculação: com inoculação (Inoc) e sem inoculação (Não inoc) com bactérias diazotróficas (BDs); e com 4 níveis de disponibilidade de nitrogênio (0, 70, 140 e 210 kg ha-1 de N), compondo assim 16 tratamentos com 4 repetições. O experimento teve duração de 365 dias, quando então foram realizadas as análises tecnológicas e determinou-se a produtividade de colmos (TCH) e de açúcar (TPH). A cana-de-açúcar elevou sua produtividade com a elevação das doses de nitrogênio. Nos tratamentos irrigados essa elevação foi maior comparando-se com os tratamentos não irrigados.   Palavras-chave: Saccharum spp.; gotejamento subsuperficial; adubação nitrogenada; fixação biológica do nitrogênio.     DELLABIGLIA, W. J.; GAVA, G. J. C.; ARLANCH, A. B.; BOAS, R. L. V.; CANTARELLA, H.; ROSSETTO, R. SUGARCANE YIELD FERTIGATION MANAGEMENT WITH DOSES OF N AND INOCULATED WITH DIAZOTROPHIC BACTERIA 2 ABSTRACT   The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of inoculation with diazotrophic bacteria and nitrogen fertilization on yield and technological quality of sugarcane (cane plant), in the following managements: irrigated by subsurface drip and rainfed. The experiment was conducted at Hélio de Moraes Research Unit, of IAC in the municipality of Jaú, SP, (22 ° 17 'S 48 ° 34' O, Rhodic). The variety of sugarcane was RB92579. The experimental design was randomized blocks, composed by factorial of two irrigation management systems: irrigated (I) and non-irrigated (NI); and two-inoculation managements: with inoculation (Inoc) and without inoculation (No inoc) with diazotrophic bacterias (BDs); and 4 availability levels of nitrogen (0, 70, 140 and 210 kg ha-1 de N),  thus forming 16 treatments with 4 replications. The experiment lasted 365 days when then technological analysis was performed and determined sugarcane stalk yield (TCH) and sugar yield (TPH). The sugarcane raised its productivity with rising nitrogen levels. In irrigated treatments this increase was higher compared with non-irrigated treatments.   Keywords: Saccharum spp., subsurface drip, nitrogen fertilization, nitrogen biological fixation.  

scholarly journals The influence of different moisture contents and nitrogen levels on the formation of empty cavities in cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krystyna Elkner
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Mechanical Tension ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Empty Cavity

Empty cavities were found already in very young cucumber fruits with diameter 1.5 cm. As the fruit develops the empty cavities augment and the number of fruits showing this defect increases. Low soil moisture and high nitrogen fertilization favour the formation of empty cavities. Their origination and changes were traced with anatomical methods in the course of fruit development. As a most plausible cause of their origination the author considers the enlargement of only part of the cells of the suture between the two (or three) carples. Due to this uneven enlargement of neighbouring cells strong mechanical tension probably arises amoung them, leading to the formation of ruptures separating these cells, consequently causing the separation of the carpel edges. Besides that, some of the cells of the suture which have markedly enlarged, often burst which also contributes to the formation of an empty cavity and enlarges its dimensions.

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