Shoot morphology and growth pattern in seedlings of Pinusbrutia provenances

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Calamassi ◽  
Mauro Falusi ◽  
Laura Mugnai
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Academic Press ◽  
Shoot Morphology ◽  
Apical Bud ◽  
Total Growth

The process of primary growth in 2-year-old seedlings of six Pinusbrutia Ten. provenances is described. At the end of the first growing season, two types of shoot morphology were observed: type 1, a terminal winter bud, and type 2, a terminal rosette of primary needles protecting the meristematic apex. During the 2nd year the seedlings exhibited a succession of shoots (varying in number from one to five), each of which was due to the elongation of a new apical bud. Morphological observations along with an anatomical examination of the winter bud led to the conclusion that the growth pattern in juvenile P. brutia is monocyclic with a variable number of summer shoots (using the terminology proposed by Lanner (Lanner, R.M. 1976. In Tree physiology and yield improvement. Editedby M.G.R. Cannell and F.T. Last. Academic Press, London, pp. 223-243)). The provenances studied differed both in growth potential and in seasonal growth pattern (differences in number of shoots, ratio of spring shoot to total growth, growth rate). Two groups could be identified: (i) the provenances of the island of Crete, which had a low growth potential and short growing season, and (ii) the high-altitude provenances of inland Turkey, with high growth potential and a growth rate that peaked in summer.

Shoot morphology and shoot growth potential in 1-year-old Scots pine seedlings

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 789-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Shoot Morphology ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Pine Seedlings

When seedlings of a single seed source of Scots pine (Pinussylvestris L.) were raised for 26 weeks in a naturally lit, heated greenhouse, two types of shoot morphology were observed. Type 1 was that normally found in 1-year-old seedlings. Type 2 had a shoot morphology similar to that of seedlings raised outdoors for two growing seasons. When compared with type 1 plants, type 2 plants had an earlier start to shoot elongation, set their buds earlier, and stopped shoot elongation sooner. After one growing season, type 2 plants were shorter, had fewer stem units for shoot elongation in the second season, but carried a greater foliage biomass than 1-year-old type plants. After two seasons they remained shorter. Thus, plant rearing practices which result in the production of seedlings with this type of shoot morphology arc undesirable.The relationship between early "budsct," shoot morphology, and plant height suggests that the proportion of seedlings with a 2-year-old shoot morphology after one growing season in a heated greenhouse may be used as an early test for height growth potential in seed origins and possibly in progenies of north temperate pine species.

An analysis of growth of different cattle genotypes reared in different environments

1984 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Frisch ◽  
T. E. Vercoe
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Environmental Stresses ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminths ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
High Growth Potential

SummaryCalves from three breeds, Brahman, Hereford × Shorthorn (HS) and Brahman × HS (BX), were divided equally into two groups, one of which was treated every 3 weeks from birth onwards to control ticks and gastrointestinal helminths, and one of which was untreated. Mortalities, growth rates and levels of resistance to environmental stresses that affected both mortality and growth under grazing conditions were recorded for all animals up to weaning (6 months) and for all males up to 15 months of age. The Brahmans were the most and the HS were the least resistant to environmental stresses, each of which was shown to depress growth in proportion to its magnitude and to contribute to the high mortalities of the HS. All breeds responded positively to parasite control with the greatest response in both survival and growth in the HS breed and the least response in the Brahman breed.Samples of males from the various breed-treatment groups were taken into pens where they were protected from environmental stresses and fed both low-quality pasture hay and high-quality lucerne hay ad libitum. Measurements were made of fasting metabolism, maintenance requirement, voluntary food intake and gain, variables related to the growth potential of each animal. The HS animals had the highest whilst the Brahmans had the lowest values for each variable.However, despite their low growth potential, the Brahmans had the highest growtli rate, and the HS, despite their high growth potential, had the lowest growth rate, when growth was measured in the presence of all environmental stresses. When parasites were controlled, growth rates were highest for the BX, the breed with intermediate growtli potential, and did not differ between the HS and Brahmans. These interactions arose because of the different contributions of resistance to environmental stresses and growth potential to growth rate measured at the different levels of environmental stresses. The relevance of these interactions to breed evaluation and cross-breeding is considered.Growth potential and resistance to environmental stresses were negatively correlated both between and within breeds, though the latter was biased by the effects of compensation. The influence of these relationships on the likely outcome of selection for increased growth rate, both between and within breeds, is discussed.

scholarly journals Autostimulation of growth by human myelogenous leukemia cells (HL-60)

Blood ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 803-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
JK Brennan ◽  
CN Abboud ◽  
JF DiPersio ◽  
GH Barlow ◽  
MA Lichtman
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Conditioned Medium ◽  
Cell Density ◽  
Leukemia Cell ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Leukemia Cell Line

Abstract We have studied the effects of medium conditioned by the human progranulocytic leukemia cell line, HL-60, on the subsequent growth of new inocula of HL-60 cells. When HL-60 cells were cultured at high cell density, optimal growth rate occurred in liquid suspension and confluent colony growth was observed in viscous medium without the addition of conditioned medium. However, when cells were cultured at lower cell density, growth rate was reduced and colony growth was nil unless conditioned medium from HL-60 culture was added. All HL-60 populations studied, including the earliest available passage, 9, both elaborated and responded to HL-60 CM. HL-60 CM did not stimulate normal human or mouse granulocyte-monocyte colony-forming cell (CFU-GM) growth. Conditioned media from other human cell lines varied in the ability to stimulate HL-60 cell and CFU-GM proliferation. Some, such as GCT CM, stimulated both HL-60 cells and normal CFU-GM, whereas others, like HL-60 CM, stimulated only HL-60 growth. The majority of cell line CMs tested did not stimulate either HL-60 or CFU-GM. Chromatography of HL-60 CM on Ultrogel AcA54 showed a single peak of HL-60 stimulating activity of apparent molecular weight 13,000. The ability of HL-60 cells to elaborate this activity provides a possible explanation for their proliferation at higher cell densities. Autostimulation may prove to be important in the high growth potential of other cell populations that undergo unrepressed proliferation.

Allongement et morphologie de pousses annuelles issues de greffe chez le noyer commun, Juglans regia L. cv. Lara (Juglandaceae)

2000 ◽  
Vol 77 (11) ◽  
pp. 1595-1603
Author(s):  
Sylvie Sabatier ◽  
Daniel Barthélémy ◽  
Isabelle Ducousso ◽  
Eric Germain
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Median Part ◽  
Long Shoots ◽  
Short Internodes ◽  
Short Shoots

Extension growth, number of internodes of the main stem, and sylleptic branches were recorded weekly during the 1994 growing season on 1-year-old Juglans regia L. cv. Lara scions. Date of sylleptic branch production and branch position on the main stem were also recorded. Two main stem types were distinguished according to their growth pattern: continuous or rhythmic over one growing season. Three sylleptic branch types were distinguished in relation with their growth pattern and morphology: (i) long shoots elongated in two growth flushes that showed a zone of short internodes above the first internode or hypopodium, (ii) long shoots elongated in one flush only with long internodes above the hypopodium, and (iii) short shoots corresponding with the elongated hypopodium only. Each type of sylleptic shoot is generally produced at a different growth period. Main stems developed sylleptic branches when their growth rate was higher than 17 cm/week. On the median part of the main stem, sylleptic long shoots were distributed according to a basipetal gradient of increasing vigour (extension duration, length, and number of internodes). Sylleptic short shoots were generally localized above long shoots.

Annual Growth Cycle, Growth Potential, and Growth Compensation in the Bluegill Sunfish in Northern Indiana Lakes

1966 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 1923-1956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelby D. Gerking
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Bluegill Sunfish ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Growth Compensation ◽  
Annulus Formation

Eight lake populations of the bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) with widely varying growth rates exhibited a surge of growth in the spring followed by a progressively declining growth rate in late summer and autumn. The growth rate declined as age increased; in no case did the growth of an older age group exceed that of a younger age group in the same year. Increase in length was estimated from marginal growth of scales collected at various times throughout 1962 and 1963.The beginning of the growing season, assumed to correspond in time with the formation of the annulus, was estimated to average April 8 in 1962 and April 26 in 1963. The time of annulus formation was observed in one lake by collecting scales when the mark was appearing, and in the others it was estimated by extrapolation of a regression between marginal scale growth and time. The end of the growing season, or the time when 90% of annual growth had been achieved, came on September 10 in 1962 and on September 27 in 1963. The length of the growing season varied among the lakes and between years in the same lake. The range was from 98 to 189 days with an average of 152 days. In one lake the season was a month longer in 1963 than in 1962, but this difference was not evident in the others.The annual rate of growth and the length of the growing season were related. Populations with a rapid growth rate had a longer growing season than those with a slow growth rate. A long season was typified by a somewhat earlier time of annulus formation than a short one and by a considerably longer period of growth in the late summer and autumn.All populations had the same growth potential as judged by weight increment of group III fish during the first month of the season. The first month's increments were 12.6, 12.9, and 13.9 g for populations with rapid, intermediate, and slow annual growth rates respectively. The population with the shortest growing season and the lowest annual growth had the greatest increment during the first month.The strong relationship between size and the time of annulus formation suggested a possible mechanism of growth compensation. Since the smaller fish of a year class begin to grow earlier than do their larger companions, growth compensation may result from the advantage in time gained by the smaller group, assuming that the growing seasons of it and the faster growing members of the cohort end at the same time. Most of the mechanisms offered heretofore have depended upon a difference in the time of hatching between two groups of fish.Consideration is given to an explanation of the annual growth cycle in terms of temperature, photoperiod, and the possible influence of growth hormone at different times of the year.

scholarly journals Autostimulation of growth by human myelogenous leukemia cells (HL-60)

Blood ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 803-812
Author(s):  
JK Brennan ◽  
CN Abboud ◽  
JF DiPersio ◽  
GH Barlow ◽  
MA Lichtman
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Conditioned Medium ◽  
Cell Density ◽  
Leukemia Cell ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Leukemia Cell Line

We have studied the effects of medium conditioned by the human progranulocytic leukemia cell line, HL-60, on the subsequent growth of new inocula of HL-60 cells. When HL-60 cells were cultured at high cell density, optimal growth rate occurred in liquid suspension and confluent colony growth was observed in viscous medium without the addition of conditioned medium. However, when cells were cultured at lower cell density, growth rate was reduced and colony growth was nil unless conditioned medium from HL-60 culture was added. All HL-60 populations studied, including the earliest available passage, 9, both elaborated and responded to HL-60 CM. HL-60 CM did not stimulate normal human or mouse granulocyte-monocyte colony-forming cell (CFU-GM) growth. Conditioned media from other human cell lines varied in the ability to stimulate HL-60 cell and CFU-GM proliferation. Some, such as GCT CM, stimulated both HL-60 cells and normal CFU-GM, whereas others, like HL-60 CM, stimulated only HL-60 growth. The majority of cell line CMs tested did not stimulate either HL-60 or CFU-GM. Chromatography of HL-60 CM on Ultrogel AcA54 showed a single peak of HL-60 stimulating activity of apparent molecular weight 13,000. The ability of HL-60 cells to elaborate this activity provides a possible explanation for their proliferation at higher cell densities. Autostimulation may prove to be important in the high growth potential of other cell populations that undergo unrepressed proliferation.

Exploring SiC Growth Limitation of Vapor-Liquid-Solid Mechanism when Using Two Different Carbon Precursors

2013 ◽  
Vol 740-742 ◽  
pp. 323-326
Author(s):  
Kassem Alassaad ◽  
François Cauwet ◽  
Davy Carole ◽  
Véronique Soulière ◽  
Gabriel Ferro
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
High Growth ◽  
High Growth Rate ◽  
Carbon Precursor ◽  
Growth Limitation ◽  
Vapor Liquid Solid ◽  
Partial Pressures ◽  
Vapor Liquid Solid Mechanism ◽  
Vls Growth ◽  
Vapor Liquid

Abstract. In this paper, conditions for obtaining high growth rate during epitaxial growth of SiC by vapor-liquid-solid mechanism are investigated. The alloys studied were Ge-Si, Al-Si and Al-Ge-Si with various compositions. Temperature was varied between 1100 and 1300°C and the carbon precursor was either propane or methane. The variation of layers thickness was studied at low and high precursor partial pressure. It was found that growth rates obtained with both methane and propane are rather similar at low precursor partial pressures. However, when using Ge based melts, the use of high propane flux leads to the formation of a SiC crust on top of the liquid, which limits the growth by VLS. But when methane is used, even at extremely high flux (up to 100 sccm), no crust could be detected on top of the liquid while the deposit thickness was still rather small (between 1.12 μm and 1.30 μm). When using Al-Si alloys, no crust was also observed under 100 sccm methane but the thickness was as high as 11.5 µm after 30 min growth. It is proposed that the upper limitation of VLS growth rate depends mainly on C solubility of the liquid phase.

Explaining the Growth Potential of a Market Leader and Challenger: Evidence from Japan’s Telecommunications Services Industry

2021 ◽  
pp. 227853372198952
Author(s):  
Mostafa Saidur Rahim Khan ◽  
Naheed Rabbani
Keyword(s):  
High Growth ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Book Value ◽  
Good Investment ◽  
Growth Firms ◽  
Price Earnings Ratio ◽  
Equity Ratio ◽  
Market Leader ◽  
Services Industry ◽  
Telecommunications Services

This study examines the growth potential of the market leader and market challenger in Japan’s telecommunications services industry. We focus on Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation (NTT) and KDDI, the market leader and challenger (respectively) in terms of sales revenue, total assets, and market share. Following finance literatures, we use higher values of price–earnings ratio (P/E) and market-to-book-value-of-equity ratio (MV/BV) as the indicators of growth potential. High growth firms have the potential to outperform the overall market over a significant period of time providing a good investment opportunity for retail and institutional investors. This study uses financial data of the NTT and KDDI from the period between 2001 and 2016 and applies several regression models to examine the growth potential of the market leader and market challenger in Japan’s telecommunications services industry. Using the P/E and MV/BV as indicators of growth potential, we show that the market challenger’s growth potential is significantly higher than that of the market leader, even after controlling for firm size, liquidity, profitability, leverage, cash flow, and age.

scholarly journals Morphological variation of the deciduous second molars in the Baka Pygmies

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra G. Šimková ◽  
Gerhard W. Weber ◽  
Fernando V. Ramirez Rozzi ◽  
Lotfi Slimani ◽  
Jérémy Sadoine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Distal Region ◽  
Dental Morphology ◽  
Human Sample ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Dental Traits ◽  
South Americans ◽  
Range Of Variation

AbstractThe Baka Pygmies are known for their short stature resulting from a reduced growth rate during infancy. They are peculiar also for their teeth erupt earlier than in any other African population, and their posterior dentition is larger than in non-Pygmy populations. However, the Baka’s dental morphology, like several other aspects of their biology, is still understudied. Here, we explore the variation of the Baka’s deciduous upper and lower second molars (dm2s) in comparison to a geographically heterogeneous human sample by means of 3D geometric morphometrics and analysis of dental traits. Our results show that the different populations largely overlap based on the shape of their dm2s, especially the lower ones. Their distal region and the height of the dentinal crown differ the most, with the Baka showing the most extreme range of variation. Upper and lower dm2s covary to a great extent (RV = 0.82). The Baka’s and South Americans’ dm2s were confirmed among the largest in our sample. Despite the Baka’s unique growth pattern, long-lasting isolation, and extreme dental variation, it is not possible to distinguish them from other populations based on their dm2s’ morphology only.

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