Compaction by forestry equipment and effects on coniferous seedling growth on four soils in the Alberta foothills

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian G.W. Corns
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Soil Core ◽  
Root Depth ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Maximum Root ◽  
Shoot Weight

Soils developed on four parent materials (glaciolacustrine clay, clay loam till, coarse fluvial, and loamy eolian) in west-central Alberta were examined to determine residual effects of logging and use of site-preparation equipment upon soil bulk density. These studies were conducted on sites that were logged during the previous 24 years. Compaction was evident on all soils except those of the Summit association, which were dominantly Brunisolic Gray Luvisols developed on cobbly fluvial deposits of Tertiary age. Compaction was greatest on soils of the Marlboro association, which were dominantly Brunisolic Gray Luvisols developed on clay loam till. Soil bulk density values on the clear-cuts had recovered to those of the controls at comparable depth at ages ranging from 0 (Summit) to 17–21 years (Marlboro). Lodgepole pine and white spruce seedlings were grown on the four soils compacted in the laboratory to three bulk densities approximating the following field conditions: (1) those observed or expected immediately following logging and site preparation; (2) those observed 5–10 years after logging and site preparation; and (3) undisturbed control. In most cases, significant reduction in nine expressions of seedling growth (maximum root depth, maximum root depth in soil core, total weight, shoot weight, root weight, stem diameter, shoot height, seedling survival, and shoot weight: root weight ratio) was observed with increased bulk density.

Soil compaction effects on Pinustaeda establishment from seed and early growth

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 628-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Tuttle ◽  
M. S. Golden ◽  
R. S. Meldahl
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Sandy Clay Loam ◽  
Sandy Clay ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Shoot Weight

Soil bulk density was related to loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) seedling establishment and growth during the first 28 weeks after sowing. Seedling heights were lower when bulk densities exceeded 1.3 Mg m−3 on a sandy clay loam and 1.4 Mg m−3 on a loamy sand. Heights were also lower for bulk densities below 1.2 Mg m−3 on the sandy clay loam soil. Seedling depth of rooting, root weight, and shoot weight were reduced at high bulk densities on both a sandy clay loam and a loamy sand. However, root and shoot weights were also reduced when bulk density fell below 1.3 Mg m−3 on the sandy clay loam. Bulk densities for best seedling growth were 1.3 Mg m−3 for the sandy clay loam and 1.4 Mg m−3 for the loamy sand.

scholarly journals Rooting Characteristics of Buffalograsses Grown in Flexible Plastic Tubes

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 1390-1932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth B. Marcum ◽  
M.C. Engelke ◽  
Sharon J. Morton
Keyword(s):  
Root Weight ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
Root Depth ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Lower Root ◽  
Profile Depth ◽  
Maximum Root ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Highly Correlated

Rooting characteristics of 22 buffalograss [Buchloë dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm.] genotypes were determined by growing plants in clear, sand-filled polyethylene tubes in a glasshouse. Differences were observed among entries for average maximum root depth, total root weight, root count and weight at increasing 100-mm depth increments, and total shoot weight. Average maximum root depth was positively correlated with total root weight (r = 0.59) and with root count at each 100-mm root profile depth. Root count and weight across all vertical root profile sections were highly correlated (r = 0.81). Total shoot weight was weakly correlated with average maximum root depth but not at all with total root weight. Grasses with superior rooting characteristics (deeply rooted, with larger root mass and count in the lower root profile sections) included AZ-143, NTDG-1, and `315' (NE84-315).

scholarly journals Impacts of different salt source and concentrations on germination and seedling growth of many pumpkin seeds used as rootstoch in Iran

Genetika ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Dadashpour
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Pumpkin Seeds ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Shoot Weight

The effects of different salt sources (C Cl2, NaCl, and KCl) and concentrations, as measured by electrical conductivity, (0, "control", 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 dS m-1) on seed germination and seedling growth of ?Ferro?, ?Obez?, ?RS 841? and ?Strong Tosa F1? pumpkin varieties used as rootstock were investigated in this study. The results showed that germination rate, root length, shoot length, fresh root weight, dry root weight, fresh shoot weight and dry shoot weights tend to decrease when the electrical conductivity of the solution is higher than 5 dS m-1, independent of salt sources and in all of the varieties. Three days after seeding, a germination ratio of 5 % was obtained from RS 841 variety in all salt source and concentrations, while a germination ratio over 50 % was obtained in ?Strong Tosa? variety for the same conditions except CaCl2 salt source. Nevertheless, seeds germinated in medium having high concentrations of CaCl2 had lower germination rate and poor seedling growth, compared to media having the same concentrations of NaCl and KCl. It was concluded that all of the varieties studied were more sensitive to the concentrations prepared using CaCl2 than that of the KCl, and NaCl.

Site preparation for Pinus establishment in south-eastern Queensland. 1. Temporal changes in bulk density

1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 1151 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Costantini ◽  
MR Nester ◽  
M Podberscek
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Density Reduction ◽  
Poorly Drained Soils ◽  
The Impact

In south-eastern Queensland, Australia, standard site preparation practices used for Pinus plantation establishment are mounding (bedding) on poorly drained soils and blade cultivation (subsurface, wing rip) on well-drained soils. This paper reports the impacts of both site preparation treatments on soil bulk density over time. Following site preparation, the extent of bulk density reduction and the nature of bulk density consolidation was affected by soil type, soil depth and the site preparation technique used. On high strength, hardsetting soils, bulk density reductions from both mounding and blade cultivation persisted throughout the 28-month period, and contrasted with non-hardsetting soils in the plantation estate, which consolidated more rapidly and had higher bulk densities relative to precultivation levels for the period 4-28 months following site preparation. The studies reported in this paper were the first in south-eastern Queensland to investigate the impact of site preparation for Pinus establishment on the nature and longevity of bulk density reductions. Previously, plantation managers assumed that positive site preparation impacts would be relatively short-lived, and therefore developed a prudential policy of planting Pinus seedlings immediately following site preparation. For the soils studied, delays of 2-4 months, and perhaps up to 6 months, between site preparation and planting would not compromise Pinus growth, but would assist management planning.

scholarly journals Alteration of dry matter accumulation under soil moisture fluctuation stress in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 757-763
Author(s):  
Cut Nur Ichsan ◽  
Bakhtiar Basyah ◽  
Sabaruddin Zakaria ◽  
Efendi Efendi
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Root Depth ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Weight

Drought-flood abrupt alterations (DFAA) is a condition in drought season when sudden rain inundate rice plants. These events are due to the high frequency of extreme climate events that might pose a threat to rice productivity. DFAA causes cumulative stress on rice which affects crop growth and alters dry matter accumulation. This study aims to understand the effect of DFAA to dry matter accumulation by assessing six rice varieties under DFAA. Three treatments were provided such as continuously irrigated as non-water stress (NS) as a control; drought to water stress -35 kPa (DFAA1) followed by sudden flood; drought to severe water stress -70 kPa (DFAA2) followed by abrupt floods; repeated until harvest. The study found that the alteration of dry matter accumulation was determined by root length, root weight, shoot length and shoot weight. Only varieties that are able to increase root depth under water stress fluctuation will be able to maintain the yield. The results of study showed that root depth was positively correlated with shoot length (r = 0.68), shoot weight (r = 0.62), root weight (r = 0.57), percentage of filled grain (r = 0.55) and number of filled grain per hill (r = 0.49). Shoot length was positively correlated with shoot weight (r = 0.83), root weight (r = 0.75) and the number of filled grain (r = 0.62), while shoot weight was only positively correlated with root weight (r = 0.88). This means that only root depth and shoot length can increase the seed setting rate and the number of filled grains per hill. Furthermore, at DFAA2, the percentage of filled grain was highest in Sipulo followed by Bo Santeut, Sanbei, Towuti and Situ Patenggang, which mean that varieties with deeper and heavier root dry weight can maintain higher yields than shallow and low root dry weight. The result of the study may allow to select rice varieties that are resistant to multilevel water-stress and able to maintain the potential yield, by looking at root depth, root dry weight, and through their grain yield in general. These traits could become key indicators for resistance to DFAA stress in rice. It is also necessary to pay attention to the fluctuation of soil water content in critical phases, especially in the reproductive phase and grain filling

scholarly journals S-index and soybean root growth in different soil textural classes

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-336
Author(s):  
Pedro D. de Oliveira ◽  
Michel K. Sato ◽  
Sueli Rodrigues ◽  
Herdjania V. de Lima
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Sandy Clay Loam ◽  
Soybean Root ◽  
Sandy Clay ◽  
Limiting Values

ABSTRACT This study tested the hypothesis that the limiting values of S-index, proposed in the literature can not be used to determine the degradation condition of soils under soybean cultivation in the state of Pará, Brazil. The objective was to determine limiting values of S-index using soil physical attributes and validate it with soybean root growth, in soils with different textural classes. For the experimental design, the following treatments were established: five compaction levels for sandy loam and sandy clay loam soils and three levels for clayey and very clayey soils. The following physical parameters were analysed: particle-size distribution, soil bulk density, critical soil bulk density, degree of compaction, soil-water retention curve, S-index and relative root length of soybean. The limiting values of S-index varied according to soil textural class and were equal to 0.037, 0.020 and 0.056 for sandy loam, sandy clay loam and clay, respectively. The S-index does not apply to soils with clay content > 71%, because it does not vary with the degree of compaction of the soil or the root growth of the evaluated crop.

Site Preparation Effects on Soil Bulk Density and Pine Seedling Growth

1981 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 176-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Stransky
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Hardwood Forest ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Surface Moisture ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Density Probe

Abstract Soil bulk density was sampled the first and third growing seasons after site preparation and pine planting on three clearcut pine-hardwood forest sites in eastern Texas. Bulk density was measured 10 cm below the surface of mineral soil using a surface moisture-density probe. Plots that had been KG-bladed and chopped had significantly higher bulk density than those that were burned or left untreated. After 5 years the survival, height, and diameter growth of pines averaged highest on the mechanically treated plots, probably because competition from other woody stems was much less than in the untreated and burned plots.

scholarly journals Sampling equipament for soil bulk density determination tested in a Kandiudalfic Eutrudox and a Typic Hapludox

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 833-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Vinícius Folegatti ◽  
René Porfirio Camponez do Brasil ◽  
Flávio Favaro Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Core ◽  
Model Soil ◽  
Density Distributions ◽  
Density Determination ◽  
Core Sampler ◽  
Density Values ◽  
Made In ◽  
Different Soils

In spatial variability studies of soil physical properties the influence of different samplers on the results is seldomly taken into account. The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of five different types of sampling equipment for soil bulk density determination, in two different soils a Kandiudalfic Eutrudox and a Typic Hapludox, both of Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. Equipment used for soil undisturbed sampling were: (i) Uhland soil sampler; (ii) Kopecky's Ring; (iii) soil core sampler, model "Soil Moisture"; (iv) soil core sampler Bravifer AI-50 and (v) soil core sampler Bravifer AI-100. The sampling was made in 4 grids of 1m², each with 25 sampling points, with five replications, resulting 100 samples for each soil. It was concluded that the sampling techniques can influence soil bulk density distributions, mainly in the case of clayey soils (Kandiudalfic Eutrudox). The Kopecky's Ring presented larger soil density values, overestimating this property for the two soils studied. The soil core sampler Bravifer AI-50 presented results closest to the overall average of the Typic Hapludox.

EFFECT OF CONTAINER TYPE AND GROWING MEDIA ON GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH PARAMETERS AT NURSERY STAGE IN ALLEPO PINE IN KASHMIR VALLEY, INDIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
AMERJEET SINGH ◽  
MOHIT HUSAIN ◽  
SYED ROUHULLAH ALI
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Fresh Biomass ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Allepo Pine

The present investigation on Allepo pine indicated that container type exert significant influence on germination and seedling growth parameters. Root trainer 300 cc (C3) raised seedlings exhibited maximum plant per cent (70.00), plant height (16.27 cm), collar diameter (1.90 mm), root dry weight (0.21 g), shoot dry weight (0.42 g), shoot root ratio (2.34) and total fresh biomass (1.37 g) per seedling variation in seedling growth parameters in different containers can be attributed to the size and type of the containers. The minimum values in all these parameters were observed in seedlings raised in polytubling of size 150 cc (C4). Besides other seedling growth parameters, the poly bag of different size raised seedlings have shown slightly lower values for plant height, collar diameter and total biomass. Among growing media, forest soil: sand: FYM: dalweed (1:2:3:3) resulted in significantly highest plant per cent (67.97), plant height (15.03 cm), collar diameter (1.93 mm), dry root weight (0.22 g), dry shoot weight (0.44 g), shoot root ratio (2.47) and total fresh biomass (1.42 g) in the seedlings under nursery condition. The study also reveal that growing medium exert significant influence on germination and seedling growth parameters in Allepo pine. The data in Table 01 to 03 indicated significantly high germination (67.97%) and seedling growth parameters like plant height (15.03 cm), collar diameter (1.93 mm), dry root weight (0.22 g), dry shoot weight (0.44 g), shoot root ratio (2.47), and total fresh biomass (1.42 g) when seedlings were raised in growing medium of soil: sand: FYM: dalweed in the ratio of 1:2:3:3 (M3). The better growth of seedlings raised in potting mixture M3 may be attributed to the fact that more nitrogen from the FYM as a component of potting mixture having the better decomposition rate leading to the narrower C:N ratio. .

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